Le Chatelier ta qa'ida: wani kimiyya nasara na 18th karni

Gaskiyar da wanzuwar Le Chatelier ta manufa, da yawa sani daga makaranta. Amma 'yan fahimta da kuma iya bayyana abin da daidai ne sananne manufa.

Faransa masanin kimiyya gaya duniya game da tsauri ma'auni na dokar a 1884. Domin karshen karni na sha tara, da samu yana da matukar muhimmanci, kuma nan da nan ja hankalin na kimiyya al'umma. Amma saboda da rashin kasa da kasa kimiyya hadin gwiwa da rabi ƙarni da suka wuce, da kimiyya nasara na Le Chatelier kawai ya san countrymen. A 1887, da korar da sinadaran ma'auni a cikin external yanayi canji, ya ce da Jamus masanin kimiyya Karl Ferdinand Braun, da kansa ya gano irin kimiyya doka, kamar yadda a karkashin-yi bayani a kan ta Faransa Open. Ba kwatsam, wannan manufa ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin ka'ida na Le Chatelier - Brown.

To, abin da yake da ka'ida na Le Chatelier?

wani tsarin a ma'auni ne ko da yaushe na sha'awar ci gaba da auna da kuma counteract da waje sojojin, dalilai da kuma yanayi. Wannan mulki ya shafi wani tsarin da kuma ga kowane matakai: sinadaran, lantarki, inji, thermal. Na musamman m muhimmancin Le Chatelier ta qa'ida ne zuwa reversible sinadaran halayen.

Rinjayar da yawan zafin jiki a kan dauki kudi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan irin dauki da thermal sakamako. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki kiyaye ma'auni motsi zuwa ga endothermic dauki. Ragewan da yawan zafin jiki, da bi, take kaiwa zuwa wani motsi da sunadarai ma'auni zuwa exothermic dauki. A dalilin wannan aka gani a gaskiyar cewa a lokacin allura tsarin da ma'auni na waje sojojin da shi a cikin wani Jihar kasa dogara a kan waje dalilai. Dogara da endothermic da exothermic matakai na jihar ma'auni da aka bayyana, ta van't Hoff:

V2 = ayata1 * y (T2-T1) / 10

cikinsa v2 - ne da sinadaran dauki kudi a sauya zazzabi, ayata1 - na farko dauki gudu, y - wani nuna alama daga cikin zafin jiki bambanci.

Yaren mutanen Sweden masanin kimiyya Arrhenius samu wani dabara karuwa da sauri dogaro na dauki kudi a kan zazzabi.

K = A • e (-E (RT)), inda E - kunnawa makamashi, R - duniya gas akai, T- da yawan zafin jiki a cikin tsarin. The darajar A ne m.

Kamar yadda matsa lamba ƙaruwa lura sinadaran ma'auni motsa a cikin shugabanci inda abubuwa dauka kasa girma. Idan girma na farawa kayan mafi girma na dauki kayayyakin, da ma'auni ne canja wajen farawa aka gyara. Haka kuma, idan girma ya wuce ƙara na dauki kayayyakin da reactants, da ma'auni ne canja zuwa ga sakamakon sinadaran mahadi. An zaci cewa kowane mole na gas bautarka daya girma a karkashin al'ada yanayi. Amma da canji a matsa lamba a cikin tsarin ba ko da yaushe ta shafi sinadaran balance. Le Chatelier ta manufa ya nuna cewa Bugu da kari dauki a wani inert gas musanya matsa lamba, amma tsarin ne a ma'auni. A wannan dauki muhimmanci ne kawai da matsa lamba da ake dangantawa da reactants (helium yana da wani free electrons, shi ba ya amsa da abubuwa a cikin tsarin).

Bugu da kari a dauki wani adadin na wani abu take kaiwa zuwa wani motsi na ma'auni zuwa ga gefen cikin tsari inda wannan abu ya zama kasa.

Ma'auni ne tsauri. An "karya" da "masu hada kai" da sauƙi a cikin shakka daga cikin dauki. Bayyana wannan halin da ake ciki ta hanyar wani misali. Hydrogenation bromine bayani kafa hydrobromic acid. Akwai zo a lokacin da karshe samfurin da aka kafa da yawa, ta girma wuce jimlar adadin monomolecule hydrogen da bromine, da dauki rate slows. Idan kara wa tsarin ne hydrogen ko bromo, da dauki ke a gaban shugabanci.