Loan kalmomi. lexical wajen samo

The sabon abu na aro kalmomi, wanda su ne kalmomin da cewa sun auku daga wannan harshe zuwa ga sãshe, kuma saba da ta karin lafazi da nahawu dokokin - wani sosai halitta tsari.

Akwai harsuna a cikin abin da rance ne da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, Korean harshen, akwai mutane da yawa Sin kalmomi. Bi da bi, Sin, Hungarian harsuna ayan nasu wajen samar da sabon kalmomi da Concepts. Amma babu wani harshe da ake so a aro kalmomi bai wanzu ba a duk, saboda ba shi yiwuwa a ware artificially daya mutane daga wani, tsakanin zumunta na zamantakewa da siyasa tsakanin kasashen, al'adu tattaunawa, tattalin arziki da cinikayya.

A wani zamanin da lokacin da "baƙin ƙarfe labule" rabu biyu daban-daban zamantakewa da siyasa tsarin, da aro kalmomi a Turanci zo daga Rasha dangane da nazarin sararin samaniya. Bayan da ƙaddamar da wani wucin gadi Duniya tauraron dan adam kowane Turai ya bayyana Rasha kalmar "watã." Kuma a cikin tsawon na Gorbachev ba da fassara da kalmar perestroika matsayin maimaitawa - ya bayyana a cikin ainihin sauti.

Bari mu zauna a lexical wajen samo. Sun shiga a cikin harshen yafi a hanyoyi biyu: fi'ili da kuma bookish.

Aro kalmomi na Jamus asalin: Skimmer (shaumloffel) jack (daumkraft) dunƙule matsa (shraubtsvinge) da kuma da yawa wasu sun bayyana a Rasha harshen, tare da zargin da farko Jamus ƙauyuka. Akwai tattaunawa a tsakanin kasashen biyu, da kuma kalmomi da aka daukar kwayar cutar "daga bakinka zuwa bakinsa." Kuma da play ba ko da yaushe m, da kuma sauti na kalmar canza. Saboda haka a cikin Rasha ƙamus akwai kasashen waje kalmomi da suka shiga na baka hanya.

Wani lokaci rance ne "biyu", watau kamar yadda ma'ana. The kalmar "tumatir" a cikin Rasha harshen zo daga Latin Amurka. A Italian shi ne ake kira kayan amfanin gona da pomodoro, wanda ke nufin "zinariya apple". Dukansu aro kalmomi ana amfani a Rasha harshen kamar yadda ma'ana.

Mutane da yawa rance kalmomi da suke kunshe a daya ko wani harshe littafin da suke Greek ko Latin a etymology. A amfani da kalmar "ci gaba", "high school", "kundin tsarin mulkin kasar", "dimokuradiyya", ba mu yi tunani game da su asalin. Ba abin mamaki akwai irin wannan rabe-wargi: "Kada ka yi magana Girkanci, ku kawai ba su sani ba shi.!"

Wata hanyar aron kasashen waje kalmomi - burbushi takarda. Ya bambanta da na baya Hanyar kai tsaye wajen samo, wannan ya shafi kai tsaye ba, kuma shi ne ainihin kwafin na kasashen waje kalmomi a morphemes (watau gagarumin sassa). Ga misali: skyscraper (. Turanci) - skyscraper (ta sama - "sama" + kankara - "kankara"), da yawa ma'ana - burbushi daga Greek - polysemy (poly - "da yawa" + SEMA - "darajar").

Irin wannan rabe-lokaci, a matsayin harka, shi ne kwafin daga Latin. Amma sabanin da aka ambata a baya derivational cripples, wannan burbushi da na ginin jumla, da ake dangantawa da ma'anar kalma. Kasus (Lat hali.) - aka samu daga fi'ili cadent - fall). Ancient masana nahawu na harka m da canji irin na kalmar kamar yadda "fadowa tafi" daga ƙasa.

Idan karni na 20th ne karni na nazarin sararin samaniya, 21st karni - zamanin da ci gaban da rumfa sarari. Amazing tsalle a gaban kwamfuta da fasaha da gudummawar da zargin duk harsuna na Turanci kalmomi a duniya.

Kalmomi aro daga harshen Turanci, je ta hanyar aiwatar da irin karbuwa ga Rasha harshe. Retaining ilimin harsuna, suna modified karin lafazi da kuma ilimin nahawu.

Idan ka dauki wata kalma kamar "Microsoft", shi ne mai kai tsaye wajen samo. Kuma kalmar "Borg" - burbushi bai cika m.

Fi'ilai "juzat" (amfani-amfani), "chatitsya" (hira-chat), "danna" (danna-click) daukan nau'i na Rasha tushen fi'ili. Shi ne ya dace su yi magana da irin harshe na dabam zargin. Amma wannan shi ne wani ilimin harsuna sabon abu.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsakanin kasashen waje kalmomi da aro da akwai bambanci. Alal misali, akwai wani zamani Romanian kalmar "Securitate" - tsaro, amma duk da wannan, a cikin yin amfani da na kowa English nahawu tsaro ba tare da canje-canje. A gaskiya, shi ne saka a cikin wani waje kalma cewa wajen samo ba.