M sau a Rasha ƙasa: 13th karni - lokacin mamayar

A daban-daban sau a cikin karni na karshe, kasashen waje invaders akai-akai kokarin cinye Rasha, kuma yana da daraja da shi, ta tsinke, to wannan rana. M sau bai taso sake a cikin tarihi na Rasha ƙasar. Amma wannan, kamar yadda a cikin 13th karni, da wuya tsawon cewa barazanar da sosai kasancewar jihar shi ba, ga alama, ba kafin kuma bayan. A harin da aka za'ayi, kuma daga yamma da kuma daga kudu da daban-daban tsõkana. Times ne m, a cikin Rasha ƙasar.

Rus a cikin 13th karni

Tare da shi shi wakilta? A farkon 13th karni Konstantinoful a matsayin ruhaniya cibiyar ya rasa ta da tasiri. Wasu ƙasashe (misali, Bulgaria, Serbia) sanin ikon da daukaka na Katolika. A karfi na Orthodox duniya ta zama Rasha, sa'an nan har yanzu - Kiev. Amma da yankin da aka ba uniform. Kafin mamayewa na Batu Khan da rundunar 'Rasha Mir ya' yan mulkoki takara tasiri a kansu. Tsage ta jayayya shugabannin dangi, da ba da taimako ga kungiyar na wani united sojojin, iya samar da mai kyau juriya ga invaders. Wannan paved hanya domin wanda ya faru da wuya lokaci a kan Rasha gona.

Mamayewa na Batu

A 1227 ya fita daga Khan na rayuwa, babban Gabas warrior. Akwai ya kasance mai redistribution na ikon tsakanin al'ada dangi. Daya daga cikin jikoki, Batu, yana da wani musamman warlike hali da kuma kungiya talanti. Ya tattara wata babbar rundunar sojojin Concepts (kusa da wani wuri dubu 140, mutane), kunsha na makiyaya da kuma sojojin haya. A cikin kaka na 1237 da mamayewa fara. Rasha sojojin kasa da yawa (har zuwa 100 mutane dubu) da ake warwatse. Saboda haka, yana rasa a cikin ban tausayi yaƙi na Kalka. Zai ze, a nan ne wata damar shiga tare da adawa da abokan gaba. Amma hakiman na mulki Elite ci gaba jayayya, da kuma a Novgorod, a arewa, tare da sabon sojojin barke tarzoma. A sakamakon - da kara lalata mulkoki. Da farko Ryazansky, sa'an nan - Vladimir-Suzdalsky. Kolomna, Moscow lalatar ... Vladimir, Baty tafi Novgorod, amma ba kai, ya juya kudu, kuma ya shiga Polovtsian steppe - replenish makamashi. A 1240 hordes na Batu lalata Chernihiv, Kyiv, shiga Turai, da Mongol warriors zo dama up zuwa Adriatic. Amma daga baya tsaya da yaki a cikin yankuna. Kuma a sa'an nan - fadi a kan m sau a Rasha ƙasar. Bicentennial karkiya kafa domin biyu shekarun da suka gabata bayan da mamayewa, da kuma nuna biyan haraji ga duk nasara ƙasashe da Tatar shugabanni. Kamar yadda masana tarihi suka ce, shi ya ƙare ne kawai a 1480.

A barazana daga yamma

M sau a Rasha gona matsaloli da aka ba iyakance zuwa gabas da kuma kudu a cikin 13th karni. Idan da akwai mamayar kasance mafi punitive expeditions a yammacin ɓangare na yau da kullum fada da aka akai harin. Rasha ya yi yaƙi da sojojin na duk Swedes, da Lithuania, da Jamusawan. A 1239 Sarkin Sweden aika da sojoji da yawa da Novgorod. Amma a wannan shekara, da Swedes aka kore baya da kuma ci (kama Smolensk). A cikin Neva Rasha Soja kuma suka yi nasara. Prince of Novgorod, Alexander ya jagoranci tawagar ya ci da kyau-da makamai da kuma horar da sojojin da Sweden. Domin wannan nasarar da ya aka kira Nevsky (a lokacin da gwarzo ne kawai shekaru 20 da haihuwa!). A 1242-m fitar da Jamus daga Pskov. Kuma Alexander a cikin wannan shekara, haddasa wani yankunan duka ga jarumi sojoji a yaƙi a kan Lake Peipus (Battle na Ice). Knights kashe saboda haka da yawa da cewa da Livonian Order domin shekaru 10, bai kuskura su kai farmaki da Rasha ƙasar. Duk da yake da yawa daga cikin yakin Novgorod, kuma sun kasance nasara, duk da haka shi ya quite nauyi, da wuya sau a Rasha gona.

Duniya kewaye da mu (Grade 4)

Rungumar, za mu iya ce mafi kullum, dukan 13th karni a cikin tarihi na Rasha ya wuya ga hukuncin sarakuna-saman, kuma ga kowa mutane, wanda ya mutu kuma ya zubar da jini a sakamakon dogon da yawa ayyukan soji. Mongol karkiya, ba shakka, shafi ci gaban da Rasha jihar, da kuma kayan alheri da birane, ya tilasta su biya gandu. Kuma da ta faɗa da Jihadin Krista saboda da muhimmancin girmama a fina-finai da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Wannan abu za a iya amfani da wani darasi a kan jigo: "Hard sau a Rasha gona (aji 4)."