Ma'adanai Belarus, hãlãyensu da kuma yin amfani da

Abin da amfani Belarus bambanta gagarumin reserves na ma'adanai? Abin da yake a ɓõye, a cikin zurfin na kasashen gabashin Turai? Yaya tunanin mutuntaka ci gaba da yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai na jamhuriyar? Amsa wadannan tambayoyi za mu yi kokarin a cikin wannan labarin.

Belarus: kowa fasali na halitta na kasar

Jiki labarin kasa na Belarus ne halin da dama fasali. Su ne:

• Filayen yanki.
• da predominance matalauci sod-podzolic da sod-fadama kasa;
• a temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi tare da m hunturu thaws.
• gagarumin dausayi (game da 30%).
• babban adadin ruwa tare tabkuna (a total - ba kasa da dubu 10).

Game da na uku na kasar da aka rufe da gandun daji, kunsha, yafi na itacen oak, Birch, Aspen, spruce ko Pine. Da yawa tabkuna da kuma swamps na Belarus sun zaba daban-daban na tsuntsaye. A jihar ne a ajiye Bialowieza Forest, wanda aka sani zuwa yanzu fiye da kasa. Yana ana kiyaye shi ta wata imbin bison, kazalika da na karshe a Turai, relict gandun daji yankin.

Ma'adanai Belarus: hannun jari da kuma matakin na ci gaba

A Belarus akwai game da 4 dubu adibas na daban-daban ma'adanai. Zuwa ga dukan duniya a kasar ne domin ta shahara babbar reserves na potash. Da kundinta da ta masana'antu adibas shi riko da wani abu matsayi a Turai.

Wasu ma'adanai na Belarus - shi ne dutse gishiri, peat, kazalika da albarkatun kasa domin ginin masana'antu (dutse, dolomite, alli, farar ƙasa, da dai sauransu). Akwai a cikin kasar da kuma kananan filayen man fetur. Su ci gaba da ya fara a shekarun 1960s. Duk da haka, ya zuwa yau, ta cikin gida bukatar baki zinariya kasa maida hankali kawai 12-15%.

Akwai yawanci a cikin zurfin Belarus, da gargajiya da zinariya da lu'u lu'u da (bisa ga zaton da wasu masana, geologists). Duk da haka, su ci gaba da kuma samar da wani hali zama uneconomical saboda ma zurfi kwanciya na hanya.

Mining da kuma sinadaran raw kayan: phosphates, potash da dutse gishiri

A cikin Mogilev yankin jamhuriyar bincika adibas na dutse phosphate. A nan, bisa ga geologists, shi ne game da 60 ton miliyan na raw kayan. A Belarus, phosphates aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na bakin ciki faranti, ko kuma watsar da su a da dama yadudduka na yashi.

A cikin zurfin na kasa gano da kuma potassium salts. Adibas na wannan albarkatun ma'adinai sun mayar da hankali a kudancin Belarus (Starobin, Oktyabrsky, Petrikov). Su masana'antu albarkatun an kiyasta ta geologists a biliyan 10 ton, da jimlar (gaba) - kusan biliyan 80 ton.

A Belarus, sami kusan Unlimited reserves na dutse gishiri. Su ne a cikin Pripyat tasa, wani yanki na 25,000 murabba'in kilomita. Upper Devonian dutse gishiri adibas kafa a biyu yadudduka. Mining ne da za'ayi har kawai wurare guda biyu - a Mozyr da Starobin adibas. Su recoverable reserves ne game da biliyan 22 ton na raw kayan.

Ma'adinai albarkatun kasa domin gina masana'antu

By da ma'adanai da cewa an yi amfani da shiri, ya kamata a dangana baƙin yumɓu da kuma lãka, yashi, tsakuwa, tsakuwa, alli, Marktl, farar ƙasa, dutse, dolomite, labradorite, marmara, kaolin da sauran duwatsu. A ƙasar Belarus ne musamman arziki a wadannan ma'adanai.

Fusible lãka samu kusan a ko'ina cikin kasar. Har farkon karni na ashirin da suka kama, ko da a cikin iyakoki na Minsk. cikin mafi ingancin lãka ƙarya cikin Vitebsk yankin. Total reserves na fusible clays a Belarus aka kiyasta a kusan rabin a kai tan biliyan. Aƙalla daya girma da tsakuwa-ƙanƙara abu a cikin kasa. Tsaurin kuma tsaurin lãka aka ajiye a cikin Loev da Stolin gundumomi.

A kan ƙasa na Belarus rayayye mined silicate da kuma turmi Sands. Su duka m reserves an kiyasta a biliyan biyu cubic mita raw kayan. Yi Sands mined yau ranar 20 filayen. A babba gare su ne dake kusa da kauyen Lebezhany Baranovichi gundumar.

A cikin zurfin Belarus ƙarya da albarkatun kasa domin ciminti masana'antu - Marktl, alli, da yumɓun, da moraine. A musamman, a yankin bincika Kostyukovichskij most ajiya na ciminti raw kayan a Turai - Komunarskiy. A karkashi shi aiki uku shuke-shuke. Amma a kusa da birnin Vitebsk ne babban ajiya na dolomite.

A Belarus daga ƙasa kuma gano ma'adinai pigments (dyes), wanda ake amfani da ko'ina a daban-daban da masana'antu. Yana da wani fari alli, ocher, siderite da glauconite.

Ore ma'adanai

Belarus sane da akalla biyu adibas tama. Suna located in Korelichi da Stolbtsy gundumar. The baƙin ƙarfe abun ciki a cikin gida quartzite ne low kuma nawa zuwa 30%. Ore samarwa ne ma wuya quite zurfin da ya faru na ta seams.

A kudancin kasar, geologists yi imani, yana iya zama na wasu adibas na ba-ferrous karafa, musamman, 'yan qasar tagulla da kuma chalcopyrite. A Lelchitsa taro na uranium a sediments ne manyan isa, kuma ya kai masana'antu yi (watau, kungiyar ta samar akwai iya zama wani kudin-tasiri). A general, geologists gano da kudancin kasar, inda surface na fuska garkuwa da crystalline kankara. Sun amince cewa a nan gaba za a bude har sabon filayen daga daban-daban ƙarfe ma'adanai.

Fuel ma'adanai: mai, iskar gas, peat

A farko mai kyau da aka fadi na sukar a Belarus a farkon 50-ies karni na karshe. Duk da haka, da hakar man fetur da shi bai kasance daga cikin mafi ingancin. Black zinariya karfe a kan wani m sikelin samar da nan kawai a cikin tsakiyar 1960s. Belarushiyanci mai samar da cibiyar da aka birnin Rechitsa a cikin Gomel yankin. A gida mai sãɓã wa jũna riga fi inganci. Wani babbar mai filin (Ostashkovichi) da aka gano a cikin ashirin kilomita daga Rechitsa.

Duk a duk, a yau, a Belarus bincika game da biyar dozin filayen man fetur. Total reserves na baki zinariya a su ne kusan ton miliyan 90. Kowace shekara, kasar asali daga ta subsoil game da miliyan biyu daga wadannan albarkatun kasa.

A Belarus man ma ya ƙunshi wasu hade gas. Duk da haka, da samar da maida hankali ne akan daya kawai bisa dari na jimlar yawan bukatu na gida domin wannan hanya. Hade gas da ake amfani wajen samar da wutar lantarki a thermal ikon shuka, da kuma ake amfani da dumama da zama gine-gine a cikin ƙauyuka na Gomel yankin.

A ciwon hanji na jamhuriyar akwai babban adibas na wani man fetur da albarkatun - peat. Su duka reserves na game da 30 biliyan cubic mita raw kayan. A ranar, da peat a Belarus da aka samar daga 42 filayen. Mafi yawan su suna located a cikin Polesie yankin.

Wasu alamar albarkatun ma'adinai na kasar

Abin da wasu ma'adanai don samar da alkawarin a Belarus? Akwai da dama irin wannan:

• lignite.
• shale man.
• gypsum.

A kan ƙasa na kasar bincika dama filayen na man fetur shale, wanda ya ta'allaka a zurfin 600 mita. Su duka reserves an kiyasta goma sha kai tan biliyan. Rich a albarkatun ma'adinai da Belarushiyanci ruwan kasa kwal. Manyan adibas na wannan man fetur hanya gano zuwa yamma na Pripyat ƙullunku. A wannan yankin yana da babba adibas na gypsum. Common hannun jari na kayan gini da aka kiyasta a 400 ton miliyan masana.

A ƙasar Belarus, saboda da peculiarities na yanki tsarin, arziki da kuma karkashin kasa da ma'adinai ruwaye. A cikin kasar wahayi da yawa kafofin na sulphate, bicarbonate, magnesium, da kuma sauran ruwayen.

Modern matsaloli da kuma halaye na albarkatun ma'adinai a Belarus

A karshen shekarar 2015 shugaban kasar Alexander Lukashenko gudanar da wani taro a wanda, Inter Alia, tattauna jihar da kuma na yanzu da yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai tushe na kasar. The shugaban kasa ya jaddada cewa, Belarus ya zama zai yiwu rage dogaro a kan kasashen waje da ma'adanai. Wannan zai bukatar samar da riga bincika adibas, kazalika da wani aiki search for sababbi.

Belarus ciyarwa a shekara game da 11 dala biliyan a kan sayan hydrocarbons daga kasashen waje. A lokaci guda a kasar shigo da waɗanda ma'adanai, wanda a cikin manyan yawa dauke a cikin hanjinsu na jamhuriyar. Muna magana ne game tsakuwa, murƙushe dutse, plaster. A wannan halin da ake ciki tare da wani muhimmanci hanya: misali, da ciwon a ta zubar da m reserves na high quality-ruwan kwalba, kasar sayayya shan ruwa daga Faransa, Italiya da sauran kasashe.

Belarus ya ɓullo da wani musamman shirin domin ci gaba da kuma gudanar da gida albarkatun ma'adinai, wanda ya inganta halin da ake ciki ga mafi alhẽri.

A ƙarshe ...

A cikin kasar da aka bincika game da 4 dubu daban-daban filayen. Mafi shahara Belarushiyanci amfani da albarkatun da cewa yanzu ana rayayye ci gaba - mai potassium gishiri, mai, iskar gas, peat, dutse gishiri, dolomite, gina yashi, lãka, kuma Marktl.