Martin Gardner: biography da photo. Math wasanin gwada ilimi Martina Gardnera

Martin Gardner - da aka sani lissafi, haife shi a Amurka. Bayan ya so ga wannan kimiyya, shi ma wani marubuci wanda ya buga littattafai masu yawa. Gardner ya nuna kansa a matsayin wani fitaccen kuma m mutum, a lifelong jaraba fannoni daban daban na kimiyya.

biography

Martin Gardner An haife a 21 ga watan Oktoba, 1914 a Amurka, a Jihar Oklahoma. Bayan makarantar sakandare, Martin koleji, wanda aka kafa ta a Jami'ar Chicago. A wannan wuri ne Martin Gardner aka ilimi. Bayan koleji, ya riga ya mai digiri na farko a cikin wani kimiyya, wani falsafa.

da yaki da shekaru

Lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu, Martin kira zuwa gaban. Na samu wani lissafi a Amurka Navy, inda ya zauna shekaru da dama a matsayin sakataren jirgin - Yeoman. The jirgin a kan wanda ya yi aiki a Martin Gardner aka dauke da hallakarwa rakiya. A lõkacin da suka sanar da karshen yaki da kuma sallama da Japan, da jirgin ya a cikin ruwan tekun Atlantic.

Lokacin da labarai ya zo cewa yaki ne a kan, marubucin ya wuce yarda da farin ciki, domin a yanzu ya iya aikata abubuwan da sha'awar shi ne tun suna yara, duk da cewa sabis da aka gudanar ne ba don haka da wuya kamar yadda iya.

A karshen yaki

Bayan da yaki ya kan, Martin ya kõma zuwa ga ƙasar haihuwarmu. Akwai, ya sake ya dauki sama da ilimi da kuma ya tafi a kan yi karatu a jami'a. Ga dukan shekara karatu Martin Gardner don samun babban digiri, amma don kare aikina, don samun wata babbar digiri, ya ba su ci nasara ba.

wallafe-wallafen da ayyukan

A cewar wasu kafofin an san cewa shekaru da dama, Martin Gardner zauna tare da iyalinsa, wanda ya kunshi da ya ƙaunataccen matarsa da kuma yara biyu a Hastings-on-Hudson. A can lissafi lover suka fara samar a cikin wallafe-wallafen filin.

Domin samun iyali shi ma wani karamin amma barga samun kudin shiga, Martin ya lokaci mai tsawo aiki a kan rikodin, wanda ya sa'an nan a buga. Bugu da kari, Gardner ma rubuta da yawa kananan articles domin mujallu da jarida wallafa.

Wata irin wannan mujallar da aka buga edition na Humpty Dumpty, wanda ana kiransa America ta "Murzilka". Wannan shi da aka buga makala Gardner. Bugu da kari, da marubuci ya kuma marubucin yawa gajejjeran labaru, da kuma labarai da aka yi nufi ga wani sauraro na yara. Martin Gardner wuyar warwarewa kawo shi daraja a tsakanin matasa zukatan America.

Ganiya da shahararsa

Ganiya da shahararsa na wani marubuci ne lokacin da ya zama sha'awar a cikin halittar wani iri-iri ayyuka da kuma wasanin gwada ilimi, wanda ba kawai ilmin lissafi, amma kuma ma'ana. Wata irin wannan tarin wasanin gwada ilimi Martina Gardnera ya zama aiki na Sphinx. Saboda asirin Sphinx aka kadan da aka sani, akwai tambayoyi, da amsoshin da zai iya kawai zo ta hanyar da ma'ana tare da na karshe a cikin shakka daga warware takamaiman sassa na asirai.

Wannan ya da amfani ga yara, saboda, ya amsa tambayoyi da kuma Ƙara amsoshi, suka koya ba kawai ma'ana da hankali, amma kuma yin karshe game da sakamakon. a kan wani takamaiman batu na samar da nasu na kowa fitarwa tsarin dubi wani abu kamar haka: "Idan da shi ne, kuma shi ne wannan, shi dai itace cewa shi ya kasance kamar haka." Yana da wadannan kalubale da kuma kawo mafi girma da daraja ga marubuci.

Math wasanin gwada ilimi & Entertainment Martin Gardner

Bugu da kari ta zuwa ga ayyuka, Martin ma ya mahalicci da yawa wasu wuyar warwarewa da wasannin. Math wasanin gwada ilimi Martina Gardnera aka sosai m, kuma wannan won amincewa da jama'a. Aikinsa a kan wasanni da kuma nishadi lissafi ya zama sananne ga dukan duniya. Ga marubuci da kalmar "da nishadi" nufi da wannan abu a matsayin "m," "fun a cikin ilmi." Duk da haka, Martin kansa hana wani dangane da binciken na nishadi komai nishadi, yana mai cewa a gudanar da bincike na tsanani abubuwa, da waɗannan biyu Concepts ne a cikin wata hanya mai kama da juna da kuma mafi yawan su ne cikakkar saɓanin ma'ana, ma'ana fiye da nĩsa ba.

Bugu da kari, a koyar da yara su nemi mafita ga hadaddun matsaloli, marubucin ya rubuta a raba littafin da ya yi magana game da yadda ya kamata saita kansa matsala, kuma nemi wata hanya a warware shi. A littafin Martina Gardnera "Akwai wani ra'ayin" ya fara ji dadin fadi da nasara, kamar yadda ya juya waje, ba kawai a cikin yara amma kuma tsakanin balagaggun masu sauraro. Math wuyar warwarewa wani lokacin gagare ko da manya, amma m mutane ba su iya janye ba tare da gano wani amsar.

wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka

Fame zo ba kawai saboda ilmin lissafi wasanin gwada ilimi Martina Gardnera, amma saboda da basira a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Marubuci kuma ma m na paranormal mamaki cewa faruwa a duniya. Litattafai da dama lissafi aka kishin wannan topic. Ba za mu iya ce cewa paranormal sun zama babban jigo a cikin aikin na marubuci, ko da yake da yawa ayyukan RUBUCE musamman game da m manifestations na wani tseren a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. A cikin wadannan ayyuka gaya game da nasa lura da gudanar da bincike, da karshe to wanda Martin zo. Littafinsa game da wanzuwar wani tseren, da kuma rayuwa ta zama daidai shahara tsakanin masu karatu.

almarar

Bugu da kari, Martin ya kuma rubuta da kuma m ayyukansu. Alal misali, "Island na biyar launuka" za a iya samu a shelves na wuraren sayar da litattafai a yau. Samun rubuta da dama art littattafai, Martin kafa wararriyar style of rubuce-rubuce. Kuma a gaskiya, na karanta a kalla daya aiki da wani marubuci, za ka iya ganin cewa da harshen, wanda ya kafa daga marubucin, Bears babu kama da harshen guda American classic. Yau, da wannan salon samu ko da wani musamman sunan - "Gardner", shi ne halin da tursasawa da kuma m lissafi na bayanai, daidaito facts, bayyanannu, kuma da sauki syllable. Sau da yawa a cikin ayyukan Martin ta yiwu ga lura da wasu paradoxes, sosai sabon zamani da shari'a, wanda marubucin samu a daban-daban kimiyya takardunku da mujallolin.

Feature art Martina Gardnera ne marubucin bai saukar da kome sabon ga mai karatu, ya kawai tura shi don gano wani sabon abu da kuma ya zuwa yanzu ba a sani ba. Tare da aikinsa, marubucin aka tilasta karanta wani mutum a kan nasu don gudanar da wasu bincike, nazarin bayanan, za a yi nasu karshe. Wadannan ayyuka sun taimaka mutane fahimtar abu da suka yi karatu. Constant bincike, mai zaman kanta ƙarshe - shi ne mai irin kai-koyo da kuma kai-da ilimi.

littafin marubuci

• "Wannan dama, hagu duniya" (1967).
• "Math wasanin gwada ilimi da kuma Entertainment" (1971).
• "Ilmin Lissafi dama» (1972).
• "Ilmin Lissafi labari" (1974).
• "Ilmin Lissafi mu'ujizai da asirai" (1977).
• "Ka'idar Dangantakar ga miliyoyin" (1979).
• "Ina da wani ra'ayin!" (1982).
• "Ku zo, zato!" (1984).
• 'Tic-Tac-Kafana' (1988).
• "Lokaci Travel" (1990), da kuma more.

Personal rai

Gana da matarsa, Martin san nan da nan cewa shi ne - shi ne mace wanda zai iya kula da shi a dukan rayuwarsa. Mutual ji cewa sun taso tsakanin su, zai iya bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa wani karfi jam'iyya domin shekaru masu zuwa. Fahimtar, tallafawa juna - shi ne da wani abu ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa aure. Tsakanin Martin da Charlotte akwai wani karfi bond.

Bayan bikin aure, da ma'aurata bayyana biyu kyau yara - boys wanda ake girma, tabbatar da cewa wani mai kaifin basira da kuma mutane. A babban dan ko samu a mafi girma ilimi da kuma aka nada farfesa pedagogy a Jami'ar Oklahoma. Martin matar, Charlotte, ya mutu a 2000. Shi ne mai girma hasara ga Gardner, wanda, kasancewa quite tsofaffi, ciyar da matuƙa ta tsũfa kadai.

Sunset hanyar rayuwa

A shekara ta 2002, marubucin yanke shawarar komawa zuwa mahaifarsa - a Oklahoma. Dalilin wannan kuwa shi ne aikin da ɗansa, wanda yake farfesa ne, a Jami'ar Oklahoma. Dan da aka kuranye a isowa mahaifinsa, wanda ya kadai ne a North Carolina, inda matarsa ta mutu. Ya ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki, Martin Gardner ya rayu a Oklahoma har na karshe da ya kwana. Amma ko da a karshen rayuwarsa da marubuci ya ci gaba da haifar da. Math wasanin gwada ilimi Martina Gardnera, wanda ya kawo shi ya san kuma soyayya tsakanin yara, ci gaba da za a buga, amma saboda lissafi ci gaba ƙirƙirãwa wani sabon abu.

Marubuci ya rasu May 22, 2010 a jiharsa yana da shekaru 95 da shekaru. A karshe 'yan sa'o'i da aka bar wa Martin, da ɗan Yakubu duk lokacin da ya kasance a kusa da mahaifinsa. Duk da cewa marubucin ya rayu a haske da ban sha'awa rayuwa, mutuwar wani babban rashi ba ne kawai for America amma ga duniya, saboda aikin da littafin Martina Gardnera dadin fadi da shahararsa.

A 'yan kalmomi a ƙarshe

Martin Gardner cikin rayuwarsa ci gaba. Ya yi kokarin hannunsa a daban-daban hanyoyi na kimiyya, rubuta da yawa ayyuka (fiye da 70) cewa ya gano, zama da aka sani da marubucin na yara ilimi wasanni. Da ya yi, duk da low matsayi, ba za a iya kira fice. Wannan mutumin ya nuna juriya, basira da kuma sha'awar juna biyu wani sabon dukan rayuwata. Ya nuna ilimi a da yawa kimiyya filayen, don haka shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa, kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda marubucin da kuma lissafi, aka multifaceted a nasu bukatun. Juriya da wani marmarin isa wani sabon matakin na kai-ci gaba - da cewa ta abin da Martin Gardner ya bayyana a matsayin wani mutum. Yana da aka yi masa godiya da cewa mutane da yawa sun zo godiya kimiyya, gano a cikin shi da wani iyaka yawan sabon yankunan da suke da m karatu. Yana da muhimmanci ayyukan Martin karfe ga mutane da yawa wani tutu kai-kyautata.