Mawãƙi Apollon Maikov: biography, kerawa

Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich - sanannen Rasha mawãƙi ne. Ya rayu a cikin karni na 19th (1821-1897). The m al'adunmu na wannan mawãƙi ne ban sha'awa a zamaninmu cewa yayi magana akan ya undoubted iyawa.

Origin A. N. Maykova

Ya kamata a ce cewa Apollon Maykov ya ba kawai a hazaka wakilin iyalinsa. Ancient iyali na mawãƙi yana da arziki, da talented mutane. A 15th karni rayu wani shahararren Rasha theologian Nil Sorsky, da kuma a kan mulkin Catherine aiki mawãƙi Vasily Maikov.

Mahaifin mu gwarzo an Academician na zanen. Sauran 'yan iyalinsa kuma mallakar ilimi. Uwar - mai fassara da kuma mawãƙi, Valerian wa - da marubuci, kuma wallafe-wallafen zargi, da Leonid, wani wa Apollo - m da kuma wallafe-wallafen tarihi.

Ƙananan yara, da kuma matashi shekaru, da farko Littafin waqe-waqe

Yarantaka Apollo Nikolaevich ciyar a kan dukiya, wanda ya kasance daga ubansa. Yana da aka located kusa da Triniti-Sergius Lavra. Maikova iyali a 1834 ya koma St. Petersburg. Apollo kamar yadda yaro fascinated biyu adabi da kuma zanen. Duk da haka, short-sightedness hana shi daga wadannan a cikin sahun mahaifinsa. A farko-gwajen litattafan Maikova nuna rinjayar litattafan Gogol. Sai na zama sha'awar shayari Apollon Maikov. Tarihinsa na wannan zamani ne ma alama ta horo a St. Petersburg University, Faculty of Law. Bayan samun digiri, Apollon Nikolaevich buga na farko littafin da ya waqe. Wannan muhimmanci da ya faru a 1842.

Tafiya a} asashen waje, sabon waqe

A wannan shekara, Apollon Maykov tafi kasashen waje. A nan sai ya zauna game shekaru biyu. Mike saurari a Paris laccoci da mashahuri masana kimiyya. Duk da yake a Roma, ya dauki bangare a carousing Rasha artists, rubuta wakoki, sanya almara, ya tafi doki hawa a kan Roman Valley. A sakamakon samu shi ne poetic sake zagayowar of kwaikwayo Maikova "almara na Roma" (da aka buga a 1847). Yana da aka yayin da suke zaune a Italiya, a cikin mawãƙi ta aikin ne a farkon tarwatsa. Apollon Maykov m up tare da anthological shayari kuma fara neman wani da ake kira shayari, tunani da kuma juyayinsu. Maikova daina goyon haihuwa. Ya yanke shawarar juya zuwa yau. A sakamakon haka, akwai hotuna na mazaunan Roma (Lorenzo, "Capuchin", "A Bara a").

makõma take

Komowa zuwa mahaifarsa, da mawãƙi ya fara aiki a Rumyantsev Museum a matsayin mataimakin leburare. A cikin rabi na biyu na 1840s cikin sharuddan da sadarwa hada Nekrasov, Grigorovich, Turgenev, Belinsky. Apollon Maykov samu yayin da rinjayar da na halitta makaranta. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa da aka buga a "Notes da Fatherland". The "Petersburg Collection" Nekrasov wallafa waka "Masha" a 1846. A kadan a baya shi da aka halitta da wani waka, "Biyu daga rabo", wanda ya gaya labarin da "superfluous" mutum.

Sadarwa da Petrashevists da edited "Moskvityanin"

Apollo Nikolaevich a wadannan shekaru ya ra'ayi kusa Westernism. Ya samu da hannu a cikin yunkuri Petrashevists ta hanyar da ɗan'uwansa Valerian. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, shi ya fara zalunta su m zargi na gwamnati. Mike gan utopianism Petrashevists a tashin, "mai yawa son kai," "mai yawa maganar banza" da kuma "wani kuwa, ƙauna kaɗan."

Shin, a cikin rikicin Apollo Nikolaevich shi ne editan "Moskvityanin". A nan sai ya ba zato ba tsammani samu ba kawai sa hannu, amma kuma tallafa wa views. Mike ƙaryata game da ka'idodinta wayewar Yammacin Turai. A tunani ratsa dukan tarin "1854", wanda daidai nuna da ganewarsu Maikov yayin. Wani giciye-yanke jigo na littafin da aka tarihi manufa na Rasha jihar, wanda katange hanya zuwa West rundunar 'Batu kuma game da shi hana asarar al'adun Turai ( "Claremont Cathedral" da sauransu.). Sa'an nan Mike zama wadda take tsaye, monarchist. Ya yi imani a cikin girman Nicholas I.

Creativity 1850

Kamar yadda ya faru a kowane gaskiya mawãƙi, kerawa Maikova 1850 yawa fadi akida ka'idojin. Ya halitta ayyuka a wani zaman jama'a theme (idyll "wawa" series "Yau da kullum Zamantakewa"), waqe idelogizirovannogo da siyasa yanayi. A lokaci guda Mike rubuta wakoki da cewa ci gaba da anthological da kuma ado ka'idodin da shayari na farkon lokaci. Shi ne game da wadannan hawan keke, kamar yadda "Cameos" da "Fantasia." A karshen 1850. akwai hawan keke na "House," "A cikin daji", "Rain", "Spring", "haymaking". A cikin wadannan ayyuka za mu iya har yanzu ji tsohon masu jituwa Maikova ra'ayi a kan yanayi. Yanzu, duk da haka, bayyana kanta a Rasha kauyen wuri mai faɗi da almara.

"Autumn"

A 1856 da ya halitta daya daga cikin shahararrun waqe Apollon Maikov. "Autumn" - kamar yadda ya kira shi. Mawãƙi daga farkon shekaru kasance m farauta, amma shi ne sau da yawa samu kaina tunanin cewa da yawa more fun shi kai da saba yawo a cikin dazuzzuka ba tare da hounds da kuma bindigogi. Ya sosai ƙaunar kafa raking ganye, ji da crackle na twigs ... Duk da haka, gandun daji a cikin kaka hana asiri da kuma daure kamar yadda "svyanul karshe flower", "derailed karshe goro." Kuma wannan duniya ya haifa da mawãƙi baya ba a sani ba ji ...

Marine balaguro

Italian theme reappeared a cikin ayyukan N. Apollo a 1859. Wannan shi ne saboda ganin cewa ya, tare da sauran masu bincike sanya wani sojan ruwa balaguro, da ziyartar Greek tsibirin na tarin tsiburai. A jirgin da ya shiga jirgin ruwa, bai samu zuwa Girka. Ya yi zama a Naples. Saboda haka maimakon daya sake zagayowar kamar yadda ta yi ciki Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich, Na samu biyu. "Neapolitan album" an halitta ta Italian kwaikwayo. Yana da wani irin labari a cikin aya, jigo na wanda - da rai daga cikin mutane na Naples. A sakamakon nazarin tarihi da al'adu na kasar Girka sun "Modern Greek Song" ( "Swallow garzaya," "Lullaby" da sauransu.).

Daya daga cikin shahararrun waqe ne "Lullaby ...". Apollon Maykov halitta wannan aiki a 1860. Fiye da 20 composers a lokacin rubuta music zuwa gare shi. Daga cikin su Chesnokov, A. Arensky, V. Rebikov, P. Tchaikovsky.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A karshe shekaru 25 na rayuwarsa Maikova sha'awar a cikin madawwami tambayoyi na rayuwa. Ya aka yi tunani game da ci gaban da wayewa. An muhimmanci wuri a cikin tunani Maikova a wannan lokaci sun shagaltar, da kuma al'adar} asarmu, ta baya da kuma yanzu, da rawar a tarihi. A 1880, Apollo Nikolaevich kuma Ya halitta a yawan kasidu, halin da zurfin addini kuma da ra'ayin cewa addini ƙanƙan da kai - a rarrabe na Rasha mutane ( "madawwami dare mai zuwa ne ...." "barin, bar! ..", da dai sauransu).

a ƙarshe

Merezhkovsky a cikin littafinsa "Madawwami Sahabbai" rubuta Mike Apollo - mawãƙi, wanda hanya ta rayuwa ya kasance haske da santsi. Babu zalunci kuma makiya ba, kuma ba su sha'awa, kuma bã da gwagwarmaya ta ba a gare ta. Akwai kasidu, littattafai, tafiya, iyali farin ciki, da ɗaukaka. Lalle ne, da ya biography ya malopoetichna: ya mutu a kan scaffold, ko wani duel, aka ba bi, shi ba azaba sha'awa. Apollo Maikov kome waje tafi a ciki. Ya real biography, gaskiya kaddara ya hanyarsa daga Romawa da Girkawa da Rasha gaskiya, da tarihin al'umma, Littafi Mai Tsarki shayari kuma madawwami tambayoyi na zama.