Me ake nazarin tsire-tsire da aka kira o? O - nazarin tsire-tsire

Kowane mutum aiki kafada da kafada da duniyar halitta, kuma shi ne da kanta wani ɓangare na shi. Kuma idan dukan zama daga cikin dokokin da suke zaune duniya na nazarin ilmin halitta, da shuka ne a cikin purview na o matsayin wani ɓangare daga gare ta.

Me ake nazarin tsire-tsire da aka kira o

Tsire-tsire suna kunshe a cikin Sphere na mutum bukatun, tun kafin samuwar o matsayin kimiyya, tun lokacin da. Flora binciken da aka kai tsaye alaka da tambaya na rayuwa: shuke-shuke - yana da abinci, gini kayan, da kayayyakin domin yin tufafi, da kuma magani (wanda a wani hali ba zai iya manta da) hatsari poisons. The tara ilmi da kallo ake bukata amfaninsa. Saboda haka akwai bukatar samuwar shuka kimiyyar.

A search na da amsa ga tambayar me ya sa da kimiyya na shuke-shuke da aka kira o, muna bukatar mu koma cikin hazo da lokaci, domin wannan koyarwa shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin a duniyar kimiyya. Samar da wata mai jiwuwa tsarin na ilimi o (Shuka Science) tabbatacce samu a lokacin da na biyu da rabi na XVII - farkon XVIII ƙarni.

Sunan kimiyya, kazalika da yawa wasu, yana da Greek asalinsu. Yana zo daga Girkanci "botane". Wannan kalma da dama ma'ana, a gabar "makiyaya", "abinci" da aka yi amfani da babu kasa akai-akai fiye da tamanin da "inji", "ciyawa". Yana hada duk abin da za a iya dauke da shuka: furanni, fungi, algae, da itatuwa, mosses da lichens. The kalmar "nerd" - samu daga "botane", ya nufi duk abin da alaka da shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne, kalmar don kalmar: o - da kimiyya na shuke-shuke. Saboda haka, mamaki dalilin da kimiyya na shuke-shuke da aka kira o, amsar dole ne, a nemi a Greek asalin da amfaninsa na ilimi da shuka duniya a cikin nau'i na kimiyya.

Asalin o matsayin kimiyya

Aristotle a cikin babban aiki game da dabbobi, da kuma sanar da ba da irin wannan rubutun a kan shuke-shuke. Shi ba a san ko ba shi da aka kammala. Don sun tsira kawai 'yan niƙaƙƙun. Saboda haka gaskiya kafa mahaifin o matsayin kimiyya yana dauke Theophrastus - marubucin biyu da muhimman hakkokin ayyuka, wanda ya zama tushen da o ga na gaba 1500 shekaru. Kuma a duniya a yau, da darajar ilimi, saita ta Theophrastus a cikin aikinsa, shi ne undeniable. A cikin wancan, ya ta'allaka ne da amsar tambayar me ya sa da kimiyya na shuke-shuke da aka kira o. A Girkanci Falsafa ba zai iya kiran shi in ba haka ba.

Amma bincike a cikin o ba a iyakance ga kawai da nasarorin da yammacin duniya. China, ma, ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako, watakila akwai wani musayar kimiyya nasarori, idan akai la'akari da aiki na Silk Road.

o Tarihi

O kimiyya a zamani misali ya fara a zamanin mulkin mallaka kamar yadda wani binciken yankin manoma ciyawa da itatuwa, kowa a cikin yankin, kazalika da shuke-shuke da cewa mutane kawo tare da su daga m wanderings. Amma mai zurfi sha'awa a cikin mutum Flora ta fara faduwa tarihi tun Neolithic sau. Mutane ba kawai kokarin sanin da magani Properties na shuke-shuke, girma kakar, edible, low-zazzabi sauyin yanayi gwamnatin kwanciyar hankali, yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma da sinadirai masu darajar, amma kuma don adana wannan ilimi.

Kafin zuwan o matsayin kimiyya, mutane sun yi karatu da shuke-shuke daga kimiyya ra'ayi. Wannan ya bayyana ba kawai da tartsatsi amfani da dan Adam tun zamanin da da warkewa Properties na tsire-tsire girma a cikin daji. Tun lokacin da Bronze Age aka yadu amfani yi girma amfanin gona.

A sabon mataki na ci gaban kimiyya - sabon ilmi

A karshen 16th karni da aka kirkiro microscope, wanda ƙaddara farkon musamman mataki a cikin ci gaban o, ya buɗe sama a baya ba a sani ba sabon yiwuwa a cikin binciken na shuke-shuke, spores, kuma ko da pollen. Sa'an nan kimiyya dauki wani mataki kara, bude labule a al'amura na haifuwa, metabolism, baya rufe mutane.

O ci gaba a kusa dangane da ci gaban ilmin halitta a general. A sakamakon kimiyya binciken dukan rai duniya an raba ta zuwa mulkokin

• kwayoyin cuta.
• namomin kaza.
• shuke-shuke.
• dabbobi.

O karatu da daula da kwayoyin cuta, fungi da kuma shuke-shuke. Development of o matsayin kimiyya ya kasance na muhimmancin gaske. Amma a alfijir na kafuwar mutane tsunduma a cikin shuke-shuke da kansu, kuma mafi yawan Botanical gidãjen Aljanna, shi ne musamman prevalent a yammacin duniya, shi aka sadaukar da rarrabuwa, lakabtawa da iri cinikayya. Shi ne kawai ƙarni daga baya suka zama mafi muhimmanci cibiyoyin bincike.

shuka mulki

Tsire-tsire da za a iya samu a ko'ina: a ƙasar (fadamun, grasslands, filayen, gandun daji, tsaunika), a ruwa (ruwa tare tafkunan, tabkuna da koguna, dausayi, tekuna da kuma tekuna). Kusan duk tsire-tsire sun gyarawa salon ikon maida hasken rana cikin kwayoyin mahadi chlorophyll arziki reserves, maimaita carbon dioxide zuwa oxygen, ga wanda ciyayi kira haske duniya duniya.

Abin baƙin ciki, domin dalilai daban-daban, mutane da yawa shuke-shuke suna daga cikin rare ko ha] ari, da kuma jerin kowace shekara ne kawai girma. Mutane da yawa wakilan sun biya domin kyaunsu: mutane suka ba su yi tunani game da babban lahani sa zuwa yanayi, sabo lalata shuke-shuke da furannin-rayu. Wannan m rabo gandun daji furannin bi-rana, ruwa furannin bi-rana, barci-ciyawa.

Domin kare rare shuka iri daga nau'i nau'i, suna shiga Red Littãfi da aka tsare a cikin majalisu matakin. A kimiyya da cewa karatu da shuka hidima a matsayin tushen ilimi ga daftarin aiki. Kuma yanzu shi ne mu na kowa aiki - don adana da Flora nan gaba, to mu yara da jikoki da aka iya ganin musamman kyau na shuka duniya, wanda shi ne m isa ga mu.