Me kwakwalwa? Areas na yin amfani da kwamfuta. A farko kwamfuta

Wa cikinmu ya ba tsammani game da manufa kwamfuta? Ta yaya wannan "robot" ya aikata a gare mu, taimaka mana a cikin aikin, da kuma a cikin wani yini! Nawa lokaci mu duƙufa ga shi, amma nawa kuma ajiye! Kwamfuta - a na'urar da ke matabbata a cikin rayuwar mu, wajen taimaka wa cika da sauki, kuma mafi wuya kalubale, entertains da kuma tasowa.

Mene ne wannan?

Kada ku sau da yawa mamaki game da dalilin da ya sa muke bukatar kwakwalwa? 'Yan mutane sun fahimci dukan tsararru na ayyuka, a kan wanda aiki wadannan "inji". Amma inda suka fito, da kuma yadda haka da sauri a cikin rayuwar mu? Kwamfuta tare da Turanci fassara a matsayin "kwamfuta". Wannan yanayin ya da shi shi ne sosai farko aiki na na'urar. Wajen magana, na farko inji aiki a matsayin wani kalkuleta.

Yanzu, wannan inji shi ne iya yin wasu ayyuka. An yi imani da cewa mafi yawan wadannan jobs ne mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta ko manipulative. Amma kwanan nan, tare da ci gaba da social networks, muhimmanci ne da shigar-fitarwa aiki. Cewa duk ma'amaloli aka sanya da daidai jerin, ta amfani da wani shirin cewa shi ne musamman domin wannan kuma halitta.

labarin

Kullum, tunawa da sosai farko kwamfuta, masana tarihi shiga cikin bincike na events na zamanin d Babila. An sa'an nan kuma aka ƙirƙira farko bambancin lissafi - abacus abacus. Amma idan ba ku kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda za ka iya koma a lokacin ne kasa da shekaru 100. Shi ne a cikin 1941 duniya gan na farko da irin wannan na'urar. An ɓullo da wani American lissafi a Harvard Govard Eykson.

Ya kuma kamar wata IBM ta injiniyoyi, Mun halitta na farko kwamfuta a kan tushen da aiki lokacin Charles Babbage. Hukumance, da mota fara kawai a shekarar 1944. Ta aka bai wa sunan "Mark 1". Mun sanya kayan aiki a Jami'ar Harvard.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokacin da ci gaban da PC an kashe 500 dala dubu. A wannan yanayin, da kwamfuta taro da aka yi na da tsada da kuma high quality-kayan. The inji sanya shi a cikin bakin karfe da kuma gilashin. The na'urar dauki wani tsawon 17 mita, da tsawo da aka kimanin 2.5 mita. Haka kuma, wannan search dabara nauyi ya fiye 4 tan. Don kawo kwamfuta aiki, ya wajaba a yi amfani da wani iri-iri levers zango da sauya, wanda akwai fiye da 750 na fadiwa.

Sha'awa, da mota da ya samu wayoyi, da tsawon wanda yake shi ne 800 kilomita. Duk da haka, mai iko kwamfuta ne fairly m ayyuka. Ya sun jimre da wata iyaka adadin lambobin - kawai 72, suka kunshi 23 gidan goma wurare. A tsarin iya debewa da kuma tsara da ciyar duk wadannan matakai ba fiye da 3 da dakika. Domin multiplication, shi ake bukata fiye da 6 da dakika, da rabo da aka za'ayi a 15 seconds.

A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun iya samun wani ci-gaba kirga inji, wanda aka yi amfani da perforated takarda tef zuwa shigar da bayanai. Duk da a bayyane rauni a halin yanzu fasaha dodanni, ya har yanzu suka yi dukan lissafin ba tare da taimako daga mutum ba, kuma ta haka ne ya kasance wata babbar mataki wajen aiki da kai.

sauran theories

A gaskiya, cewa "Mark 1" ne na farko kwamfuta da rigima da yawa. A wannan ci akwai da yawa theories. Akwai ne sau da yawa tuna Konrad Zuse tare da na'ura Z1, wanda aka kafa a 1938. Kuma aka sani da farko lantarki digital kwamfuta a Amurka, wanda ya fara magana a 1942. Ko da yake ya bai, an kammala, duk da haka shi zai iya zama wani samfur da wahayi wadannan inji.

bambancin

Lokacin da wani mutum babban mai tambaya: "Me ya sa muke bukatar kwakwalwa?" Ya sau da yawa wakiltar da misali version na PC ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, a harka na gaggawa. Amma wannan shi ne kawai karamin sashi daga cikin na'ura a karkashin wannan sunan. Daga cikin abubuwan, kwamfyutocin tebur za a iya raba gida da kuma server, akwai workstations, na sirri zažužžukan, daya-yanki, wasan Consoles, kafofin watsa labarai da cibiyoyin, da dai sauransu

Don kwakwalwa hada da mafi Saukake inji ciki har da netbooks, Allunan, nettopy. Akwai supercomputers, da suka hada da wani karamin, supermini, na sirri da kuma mainframe. A karshe wani zaɓi - shi ne mai iko sosai kwamfuta, tsara don high-yi da kuma hanya-m ayyuka. Yana da kullum mai girma yawan RAM da kuma na waje ƙwaƙwalwar na'urar da ake amfani da tsari aiki da kuma sauran ayyuka.

Domin kananan da kuma mobile kwakwalwa ne dukan mu ka fi so smart phones, kwamfyutocin, na sirri digital mataimakansa, Allunan, e-littattafai da sauransu. Mutane da yawa manta da cewa m ne a gidajen cin abinci da kuma shagunan - shi ne ma kwamfuta kamar wani lantarki fassara, kalkuleta, da dai sauransu

Na da irin wannan babbar yawan na'urorin ya bayyana cewa su nufi iya zama sosai daban-daban da kuma wani lokacin quite m.

zane

Domin duk lokacin da inganta zamani motoci sun samu wani m iri-iri fashion zane. kwamfuta taro, wanda shi ne saboda mutane da yawa masu amfani - kusan kome ba idan aka kwatanta da zane uwar garke tashoshin da irin wannan iko model. Amma duk da haka akwai wasu matsayin da algorithm, wanda ya kawo tare iri daban-daban na kwakwalwa.

Lokacin da mutane fara zuwa tunani game da zane na na'ura, sau da yawa mamaki ko shi ne inji dijital irin ko analog tsarin. Domin na farko bambance-bambancen m mai hankali lamba ko alama canji. Analog irin aka tsara don rike wani babban kwarara bayanai. Hakika, da farko wani zaɓi ne mafi shahara tsakanin masu amfani.

By analog yanzu wajibi ne don gudanar nomograms, slide dokoki, astrolabe, oscilloscopes, televisions, kuma ko da kwakwalwa.

aikace-aikace

Komowa zuwa babban jigo na cikin labarin "Abin da zan iya amfani da kwamfuta," yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa har yanzu akwai cikakken kewayon ayyuka da za'ayi da yana da wuya a gudanar da bincike. Kuma abu ne mai wuya duk na yanzu matakai cewa kwamfuta executes ne iyaka daga ta damar.

Duk da haka, idan muka yi magana game da sanannun hanyoyi na amfani, abu na farko da cewa ta zo hankali: PC bukatar a aikin da kuma nishadi. A karshen ne musamman rare a yanzu, da kuma tare da ilimi bangaren taimakawa da yawa dalibai don sanya aiki da kai su horo da kuma samun karin bayani.

nisha

Kowane mutum na tuna, game da wasan na chess da kwamfuta. Lokacin da akwai irin wannan da wata dama, ga mutane suna kawai mamakin da yiwuwa na na'ura. Next aka gabatar da wani iri-iri na katin wasanni da sauran wuyar warwarewa. Yanzu rufe daya Siffar dukkan wasanni ne na gaskiya ba. Duniya most gasa da aka gudanar kwamfuta wasanni, wanda aka tattara da filayen magoya kuma kyauta fiye da $ 20 miliyan.

Game da nisha muna tuna ba kawai gamer inji mai kwakwalwa da kuma kwamfyutocin, amma kuma wasan Consoles, PDAs da kuma wayoyin salula na zamani. A karshen, ba shakka, da sarrafawa da siffofin, amma har yanzu sau da yawa amfani da nishadi na'urar da ke taimakawa wajen wuce lokacin a kan hanya.

Bugu da kari a wasan na chess da kwamfuta da kuma aikata wani iri-iri na caca to nisha ayyukan sun hada da kallon fina-finai, tallace-tallace da kuma TV shows, listen to audio, rediyo ko littattafai. Virtual rangadin gidajen tarihi, sinimomi, nune-nunen, wasanni, da dai sauransu

samuwar

Mutane da yawa matasa, sun manta da cewa kwamfuta, ban da nisha, aka yi nufi ga horo. Wannan shi ne ya daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ba kawai don kari data kasance ilimi, amma kuma don saya sababbi. Saboda haka, zaune a kwamfuta, za mu iya tafi, ta hanyar nesa koyo, kai-da ilimi, karanta littattafai, da kuma sauraron watch video Darussan, Mastering da dama matakai da kuma fadada sãsanni.

Yankunan da kwamfuta don haka bambancin aikace-aikace da ake samun lauye. Saboda haka, misali, sadarwa da kuma ilimi ya taimaka mana saukin koyi sabon harsuna ko a sami abokai daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

sadarwa

Gaskiyar cewa PC aka yi amfani a matsayin hanyar sadarwa, ba wanda ake ambata. Kowa ya sani game da shi. Yanzu amfani da kwamfuta a matsayin dandali saduwa da sadarwa, a maimakon haka, shi sa wasu matsaloli a cikin al'umma. Mutane sama da dogara a kan social networks, forums da blogs. Ko da yake, idan ka yi la'akari da wannan zabin a kan m gefe, da kwamfuta gaske yuwuwa mu sanin mutane daga daban-daban sasanninta na duniya.

Ya sanya m sadarwa, sauƙaƙe da saye da data ga aikin, don haka ga ilimi da kuma sauran ayyuka.

aiki

Computer na aiki, ba shakka, kuma wani muhimmin kayan aiki. Yana da wuya a kwatanta wani daga cikin ma'aikatan, wanda ba zai yi amfani da wannan na'urar. A shagunan da masu sayarwa yin abu lamba a kan PC, gudanar da wani maras tsabar kudi biya ta hanyar tashoshi, da dai sauransu

Manyan kamfanonin godiya ga kwakwalwa kafa wani aiki na cibiyar sadarwa don watsa bayanai, suna sauri gyaran gaba daya da kuma sabawa. Wasu manyan kamfanonin kafa su inji mai kwakwalwa babbar tsarin shirye-shirye domin gudanar da kamfanin. Har ila yau, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba saduwa PC tebur marubuci, dan jarida ko copywriter, saboda typewriters sun dogon fita daga fashion, kuma sun kasance kawai ban sha'awa da na'urorin haɗi ko ciki da ado.

A sakamakon haka, idan ka har yanzu ba su san me ya sa muke bukatar kwakwalwa, la'akari da yin amfani da abin da mutane haifar da images, hotuna, gyara su, tushe sites, typeset wani littafi, mujalla, jarida, da kuma daban-daban buga kayan da lantarki Formats. Kamar yadda yake a yanzu halitta music, kuma fina-finai, da yadda suka yi aiki tare da ilmin lissafi lissafin. A karshe, wanda tasowa, kayayyaki, siffofin ko shirye-shirye.

fasahohin

Idan muka magana game da mafi takamaiman matsaloli, amma yanzu kusan duk kuma kowa da kowa zai iya gaya maka me ya sa muke bukatar kwakwalwa da kuma inda suka yi amfani. Alal misali, a cikin soja tsarin da makami mai linzami tsaron gida ko sarari gudanar da PC. All jiki mamaki ko bincike gina model ɓullo da ta amfani da mai sarrafa kansa kayan aiki.

Dauke da fitar ilmin lissafi, sunadarai, jiki da sauran ƙididdiga da lissafin yi da inji. Jobs aka sarrafa kansa na dogon lokaci, da kuma ba kawai wadanda dangantaka da lissafin, amma har ma a tsakanin likitoci.

Construction na zane lokaci ne kuma mai sarrafa kansa da kuma kayyade da PC tsarin. Dukkan manyan abubuwan da suka faru, ciki har da gasanni, nisha nuna, da dai sauransu goyan bayan hanyar kwamfuta, da kuma mutanen da suka gudu su.

A general, ya kwatanta mataki na muhimmancin da PC a kowane mutum rayuwa, al'umma da kuma jihar a matsayin dukan shi ne da wuya sosai. Yanzu, a ko'ina ka duba, za mu iya ganin kwamfuta a daban-daban versions. Da zuwan na Internet, wannan dabarar da aka daidaita shiga rayuwar mu, wasu maye gurbin TV da na kafofin watsa labarun, sadarwa da abokai da iyali. Wasu zama ba makawa kayan aiki a cikin aiki da kuma nazari, da kuma wani - da m.