Mene ne daban-daban daga gymnosperms angiosperms? Babban bambance-bambance

Gymnosperms (Latin Gymnospérmae.) Kuma angiosperms, ko flowering shuke-shuke (Magnoliophyta Lat.) - Waɗannan su ne biyu daban-daban kungiyoyin na shuka mulki (Subkingdom mafi girma shuke-shuke), bayyana jẽre a cikin juyin yanayi. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar duniya, yin ta kore murfin.

Wasu mambobin na wadannan kungiyoyi ne yanzu gaba daya dadaddun da burbushin adibas ne category. Yanzu a duniya akwai holographic, kuma angiosperms. Akwai bambance-bambance key cewa faye hali kungiyoyin biyu.

asalin

The asalin da shekaru - shi ne babban, da yawa daban-daban daga gymnosperms angiosperms. Gymnosperms - wani sosai tsoho kungiyar na shuka kwayoyin. Sun zama a duniya tare da Devonian lokaci (Paleozoic zamanin), shi ne game da 370 miliyan shekaru da suka wuce. An yi imani da cewa su ne zuriyar iri ferns (Latin Pteridospermae.) - gaba daya dadaddun shuke-shuke da yawa kwafi wanda sukan samu a cikin sediments na Late Devonian da Early Cretaceous.

Flowering tsire-tsire, ko angiosperms bayyana 120-150 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, a iyaka da Jurassic da kuma Cretaceous (Mesozoic Era) da kuma sauri tsiwirwirinsu mai rinjaye matsayi a duniya. An yi imani da cewa kakanninsu da suka zamanin d gymnosperms.

A bambancin da jinsin da kuma rayuwa siffofin

Gymnosperms total kamar 1000 jinsunan a halin yanzu data kasance a cikin yanayi. Sauran 'yan wannan kungiya su ne gaba daya dadaddun, kuma sukan samu ta hanyar kimiyya a burbushin form. rayuwa tsari - Evergreen itãce, kuma shrubs, da inabõbi redkovstrechaemye. Sashen gymnosperms wakilta dama azuzuwan:

1. Sagovnikovye: cycad drooping, Stanger woolly, Boven et al.
2. Bennettitales Williamson nilsoniopteris (kaucewa dadaddun aji).
3. Gnetalians: Ephedra horsetail, velivichiya mirabilis.
4. Ginkgo: Ginkgo biloba.
5. Conifers: spruce, fir, Pine, Juniper, da itacen al'ul, da sauransu.

Muhimmanci fiye da bambancin - wannan shi ne abin da ya bambanta da angiosperms daga gymnosperms. Angiosperms, akwai game da 300 dubu jinsunan -. Fiye da rabin dukan tsire-tsire na duniya. Sun zama a cikin nau'i na itatuwa, shrubs, perennial da shekara-shekara ciyawa, inabõbi. Su rarrabuwa ne sosai bambance bambancen da hadaddun, wato:

• Class Monocots:

iyalai:

Hatsi: hatsin rai, hatsi, alkama, da sauransu.

Liliaceae: Lily, Tulip, tafarnuwa, albasa, da dai sauransu.

• Class Dicotyledons:

iyalai:

Solanaceae: dankalin turawa, taba, solanum, Datura, Hyoscyamus et al.

Asteraceae: sunflower, mugwort, Dandelion, Urushalima artichoke, da dai sauransu ..

Legumes: waken soya, chickpeas, Peas, wake da sauransu.

Cruciferous: kabeji, radish, radish, turnip, da dai sauransu

Rosaceae: ya tashi, ya tashi, Rowan, Cherry et al.

haihuwa gabobin

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin angiosperms da gymnosperms - sashen jima'i haifuwa. Na farko da kungiyar ne a flower a kwai wanda ya samar da tsaba ( 'ya'yan) bayan hadi. Ya kunshi da stamens - namiji jima'i gabobin, pistil - da mace jima'i sashin jiki (daga shi za su ci gaba da 'ya'yan itace), tare da corolla lobes, da matabbata da peduncle. Flower bambanta a siffar, launi da kuma launi dangane da irin shuka.

A gymnosperms wannan aiki da aka yi da wani modified gudun hijira - a dunƙule cewa zai iya zama namiji ko mace, wanda aka sauƙi hukunci da ta size. Shi ne a kan ta Sikeli ovules ci gaba, kuma baya kafa iri.

hadi

Kan aiwatar da hadi - ne key, bambanta daga gymnosperms angiosperms. A gymnosperms ne quite sauki. Hirtsinta bags sauka a hankali maturation na pollen hatsi, wanda aka sa'an nan canjawa wuri zuwa ga mace gametophyte. Daya maniyyi (namiji gamete) impregnates kawai guda kwai, sa'ilin da wani iri. A tsari fitowa a megasporangia ko ovules.

A flowering na faruwa daban. A nan akwai biyu hadi ne abin da angiosperms bambanta daga gymnosperms. A takaice, wannan tsari ya sifanta Rasha masana kimiyya SG Navashin a 1898. Yana fitowa kamar haka: ciki na pollen hatsi germinate kwai biyu maniyyi fertilizes daya kwai daga abin da iri tasowa, na biyu - da tsakiyar cell, bada Yunƙurin endosperm - samar da gina jiki ga tayin.

fetal ilimi

Bayan hadi, flowering shuke-shuke samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa - abin da daban-daban angiosperms daga gymnosperms. 'ya'yan itace da iri samuwar auku a cikin modified kwai bango. Amma wani lokacin da samuwarsa shiga perianth, stamens da calyx, shi duka dogara a kan irin shuka. A wannan lokaci, da motsi na ma'adinai da kuma Organic abubuwa a cikin shuka ke fuskantar da 'ya'yan da za su iya deplete wasu kyallen takarda. Fruit, kazalika da nau'in abun da ke ciki na angiosperms, halin da salo da dama.

Gymnosperms angiosperms bambanta daga rashin 'ya'ya. Su tsaba suna sanya a fili a kan flake Cones da kome kiyayeshi. Duk da haka, suna da musamman adaptations cewa ba da damar rarraba a tsawon nisa.

baza

Hanyar iri yaduwa - muhimmanci shã'aninku bambanta daga gymnosperms angiosperms. Na farko rukuni na wannan ne kawai hanyar da - da taimakon iska. Saboda haka, da tsaba suna bayar da appendages, appendages da membranous reshe-dimbin yawa tsarin. Movement of iska iya watsa irin tsaba babba nisa fiye da aka bayar da fadada daga cikin yankin na shuka.

A angiosperms hanyoyi don yada tsaba ne mafi bambancin. Wannan ya faru tare da taimakon iska, kwari, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma mutane. Wasu tsaba suna majajjawa da growths cewa zai iya jingina zuwa tufafi ko dabba Jawo da haka tafiya mai nisa. Mutane da yawa 'ya'yan itatuwa da dadi m ɓangaren litattafan almara, edible ga mutane da dabbobi, wanda kuma tsiraru da tabbatar da rarraba tsaba.

A tsarin da gudanar da kyallen takarda

The na'urar da madugu tsarin - shi ne wani abu daban-daban daga gymnosperms angiosperms. A mazan shuke-shuke da motsi na ruwa da kuma na gina jiki ga kyallen takarda ba m. The ruwa motsa sannu a hankali ta hanyar tracheids - m shambura da lokacin farin ciki ganuwar da kuma woody perforated baffles. Su wani bangare ne na xylem, da kuma samar da wani zuwa gaba ruwa ya kwarara - daga tushen ganye. Tracheids ne a fili bayyane a lokacin da la'akari da su a karkashin wani hange.

Madugu tsarin na angiosperms ne mafi m. Wadannan shuke-shuke da aka canza kama zuwa tasoshin tracheids. Wannan ne mai matukar dogon tube (wasu inabõbi da suka isa dubun mita), a kan abin da inganta ruwa ya kwarara da kuma gina jiki. Wannan yanayin na taimaka wa gina karin aiki hanya na da yawa muhimmanci physiological matakai a shuka: samuwar chlorophyll, photosynthesis, numfasawa.

juyin abũbuwan amfãni

Gymnosperms babu a duniya yawa fiye angiosperms. Amma, duk da wannan, ba su cimma bambancin da jinsunan da kuma siffofin peculiar ga matasa, flowering shuke-shuke. Mene ne bambanci angiosperms daga gymnosperms? Abin da abũbuwan amfãni sun yarda su dauki wani rinjaye matsayi a cikin shuka duniya na duniya? Akwai wasu lokutan da suka dimbin yawa da shi, wato:

• bayyanar da flower m zuwa kwari, shuke-shuke suna yarda su ƙara chances na pollination;
• pollinating iri-iri na zabin.
• kwai ovule kare da lalacewar;
• biyu hadi sa da tayi na iri don samun isasshen abinci ga su ci gaba;
• m 'ya'yan samar da aminci located shiga cikin zuriyarsu;
• hanyoyin da za a kara iri rarraba.
• bambancin da rai siffofin (itatuwa, ciyawa, bushes) ba ka damar populate da ya fi girma muhalli maharibai.
• jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin da aka karfafa kayayyakin da activates da yawa da muhimmanci physiological matakai na shuka kwayoyin.

Babban bambance-bambance. takaitaccen bayani

Saboda haka, abin da ya bambanta da gymnosperms angiosperms? A takaice babban bambance-bambance na biyu kungiyoyin aka nuna a Table.

Fito a wani juyin hanya, na'urorin, kamar da kariya daga zurriyar, biyu hadi, pollination da kwari, kazalika da mafi m madugu tsarin yarda angiosperms zauna a rinjaye matsayi a duniya a duniya Flora.