Mene ne karfe? Da kaddarorin da kuma halaye na karfe

Mene ne karfe? A yanayin da abu sha'awar zamanin da. Wanda ya buɗe game da 96 karfe jinsunan. Su halaye, kuma za mu yi magana a cikin labarin.

Mene ne karfe?

A mafi girma yawan abubuwa a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur yana nufin karafa. Yana yanzu, aka sani ga mutum kawai 96 na jinsi. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa fasali, yawa daga waɗanda aka ba tukuna gane.

Mene ne karfe? Wannan shi ne mai sauki abu, wanda aka halin high lantarki da kuma thermal watsin, tabbatacce zafin jiki watsin coefficient. Mai karafa da high ƙarfi, ductility da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa sunã ƙirƙirãwa. Daya daga cikin siffofin bayãnin hukuncin ne a gaban ƙarfe luster.

Da ma'anar "ƙarfe" ake dangantawa da Greek métallion, inda shi yana nufin "digging daga ƙasar" da "mine kwafin". A cikin Rasha terminology shi zo a zamanin mulkin Bitrus I na Jamus harshe (Jamus. Metall), a cikin abin da kalmar don motsawa daga Latin.

jiki Properties

karfe abubuwa kullum da kyau ductility, tare da togiya na tin, tutiya, da kuma manganese. Yawa, sun kasu kashi haske (aluminum, lithium) da kuma nauyi (osmium, tungsten). Mafi yana da babban narkewa batu, jimlar fuska dabam daga - 39 a Hg zuwa 3410 digiri Celsius for tungsten.

Karkashin al'ada hali, duk karafa fãce Mercury da kuma Faransa, ne m. A mataki na taurin aka ƙaddara a kan sikelin a kan sikelin Moss, a cikinsa a kalla 10 da maki an dauke. Saboda haka, mafi wuya ne tungsten da kuma uranium (6.0), da softest ne cesium (0.2). Mutane da yawa karafa da silvery, bluish da launin toka inuwõyinta suna kusa, amma wasu suna peculiar rawaya da kuma jan launi.

A cikin crystal lattices ne mobile electrons, samar da su su m hali lantarki da kuma zafi. Shi ne mafi kyau a magance shi azurfa, da tagulla. Yana yana da mafi ƙasƙanci thermal watsin na Mercury.

sinadaran Properties

By sinadaran Properties na karafa an rabu cikin wani jam'i na kungiyoyin. Daga gare su, Alkali karfe, alkaline duniya, huhu, da kuma actinides actinium, lanthanum da lanthanides, semimetals. Dabam ne magnesium da kuma beryllium.

Yawanci, karafa yi aiki a matsayin rage jamiái domin ba karafa. Bã su da daban-daban ayyukan, don haka na dauki ga wani abu m. A mafi yawan aiki ne Alkali karafa, suka amsa readily tare da hydrogen, ruwa.

A karkashin wani yanayi, kusan ko da yaushe hulɗa tare da karfe tare da oxygen. Reaction to shi ne ba kawai zinariya da platinum. Su ma ba su amsa to chlorine da sulfur, da bambanci ga sauran karafa. Alkaline kungiyar da aka oxidized a wani talakawa yanayi, da sauran a high yanayin zafi.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayin

A yanayi, da karafa da ake samu, yafi a cikin ores ko mahadi, msl, oxides, salts, carbonates. Kafin amfani, suka sha doguwar tsarkakewa matakai. Mutane da yawa karafa bi ma'adinai adibas. Saboda haka, kashi na cadmium tutiya ores, scandium da Tantalite ake hada da tin.

Da zarar a wani m nau'i samu kawai inert, watau, ba-aiki karafa. Saboda rauni laulayi hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma lalata, suka yi lashe title of daraja. Wadannan sun hada da zinariya, platinum, da azurfa, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, da sauransu. D. Precious karafa ne sosai m, kuma suna da halayyar mai haske luster a ƙãre samfurin.

Metals ne duk kewaye da mu. A manyan yawa, suna a cikin duniya a ɓawon burodi. Mafi na kowa ne aluminum, iron, sodium, magnesium, alli, titanium da potassium. Aka sãme su a seawater (sodium, magnesium), wani bangare ne na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A cikin jikin mutum, karafa ne ba a cikin kashi (alli) a cikin jini (iron), juyayi da tsarin (magnesium), tsoka (magnesium) da kuma sauran gabobin.

Koyo da kuma yin amfani da

Mene ne wani karfe da aka sani mafi tsoho wayewar. Daga Masar archaeological Finds dating baya ga 3-4 Millennium BC, articles sanya masu daraja karafa da aka samu. Mutumin farko gano zinariya, jan, da azurfa, da gubar, da baƙin ƙarfe, da kuza, Mercury. Sun yi aiki na yi na kayan ado, kayan aikin, al'ada abubuwa da kuma makamai.

A tsakiyar zamanai da shi aka samu antimony, arsenic, bismuth kuma tutiya. Suna sau da yawa a haɗe sihiri Properties, hade da sarari, motsi na taurari. Alchemists gudanar da yawa gwaje-gwajen a cikin bege maida Mercury a ruwa ko zinariya. A hankali, da yawan binciken da ya karu, kuma XXI karni duk halin yanzu da aka sani da karafa da aka gano.

Yanzu ana yin su ne a kusan duk duniyoyin rayuwa. Metals amfani da su yi kayan ado, kayan aiki, jirãge, motoci. Daga cikin wadannan, sa Frames ga gine-gine, samar da furniture, daban-daban kananan sassa.

Excellent lantarki watsin sanya karfe makawa ga yi na wayoyi, kuma gode masa, muna yin amfani da wutar lantarki a halin yanzu.