Mene ne sutura masana'anta? A cover masana'anta: ayyuka da kuma tsarin fasali na sel

Fabric - a sa na Kwayoyin, sõyayya da wani irin tsari da kuma aiki, da kuma intercellular abu. Daga yadudduka kafa jikinsu, wanda, bi da bi, samar da jiki tsarin. Mai kwayar kwayoyin kunshi yawa iri nama.

bambancin

Kimiyya da karatu da nama (histology), Highlights da dama da suka iri.

Nau'in na dabba kyallen takarda :

• maha? ar.
• murdede.
• m.
• sutura nama (epithelial).

Nau'in na shuka kyallen takarda:

• ILIMI (meristem).
• parenchyma.
• da rufe masana'anta.
• inji;
• excretory.
• conductive.

Kowace daga cikin iri na masana'anta hadawa da dama iri iri.

Iri na connective nama:

• m.
• sako-sako da.
• reticular.
• guringuntsi.
• kashi.
• mai;
• lymphoma.
• jini.

Iri tsoka nama :

• santsi.
• striated.
• zuciya.

Nau'in na ilimi masana'anta :

• apical.
• gefe.
• intercalary.

Iri na conductive masana'anta :

• xylem.
• phloem.

Nau'in na inji nama:

• kolenhima.
• sclerenchyma.

Game da iri, tsari da kuma ayyuka na rufe masana'anta na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da za a tattauna a more daki-daki a kasa.

Features na tsarin da shafi masana'anta. janar bayanai

Features na tsarin da shafi masana'anta saboda wurinta. Ko da yake akwai mutane da yawa irin wannan nau'in nama, su ne duk irin wannan.

Yana da kullum a manyan yawan Kwayoyin da kadan intercellular abu. Tsarin barbashi an located kusa da juna. A tsarin da shafi masana'anta da kuma ko da yaushe na samar da sarari fuskantarwa na sel a sarari. A karshen da manya da ƙananan part da kuma sama na an ko da yaushe located kusa da jiki surface. Wani alama, wanda aka halin da tsarin da shafi masana'anta, shi ne cewa shi yana da kyau sake halitta. Its Kwayoyin ne short-rayu. Sun iya sauri raba, saboda abin da nama ne kullum updated.

Aiki shafi yadudduka

Da farko sun yi wasa mai m rawa, raba da ciki yanayi ne daga waje duniya.

Sun kuma gudanar da wani mu'amala da excretory ayyuka. Sau da yawa, ta rufe masana'anta da aka bayar tare da pores don tabbatar da wannan. A karshe babban aiki - tsoka mai amsa sigina.

Wata irin shafi nama a cikin dabbobi - glandular epithelium - aikata secretory aiki.

Shafi shuka nama

Akwai iri uku su:

• farko.
• sakandare.
• More.

A farko cover kyallen takarda a tsire-tsire sun hada da epidermis kuma exoderm. Na farko shi ne a farfajiya na ganye da kuma matasa mai tushe, da kuma na biyu - a tushen.

A sakandare shafi masana'anta - periderm. Ta ya rufe mafi balagagge mai tushe.

Bugu da ari, da rufe masana'anta - ɓawon burodi ko ritidom.

A epidermis: sifa da aiki

Manufar irin wannan masana'anta - don samar da kariya daga shuke-shuke daga bushewa fita. Ta bayyana a cikin kwayoyin da zaran sun zo a bakin. Domin algae, da epidermis ne har yanzu ba yanzu, amma spore-hali shuke-shuke da ta riga shi ba.

A cell cover masana'anta na da irin wannan yana da wani thickened gina garu. All Kwayoyin ne a kusa lamba tare da juna.

A mafi girma shuke-shuke, da dukan surface an rufe tare da cuticle nama - Layer na cutin kakin zuma.

A tsarin da shuka cover masana'anta azurta musamman dogon - stomata. Su zama dole ga ruwa, iskar gas musayar kuma yawan zafin jiki tsari. Stomatal na'ura da aka kafa ta musamman Kwayoyin: biyu kullum bude kuma da dama gefe. Guard Kwayoyin bambanta daga sauran ƙara yawan chloroplast. Bugu da ƙari kuma, su ganuwar unevenly thickened. Wata sifa ta wannan tsarin da matsara Kwayoyin - kara yawan mitochondria da leucoplasts tare da karin gina jiki.

Stomata a cikin mafi girma da tsire-tsire suna located a cikin ganyayyaki, yawanci a kan underside na gefe, amma idan ruwa shuka - a saman.

Wata sifa ta wannan epidermis - gaban hairs, ko trichomes. Su na iya kunshi guda cell ko mahara. Gashin iya zama glandular kamar yadda, misali, daga nettle.

periderm

Wannan irin cover masana'anta shi ne halayyar mafi girma shuke-shuke da cewa suna da woody tushe.

Periderm kunshi uku yadudduka. Middle - phellogen - yana da muhimmanci. Lokacin da rarraba ta Kwayoyin hankali kafa da matsanancin Layer - fellema (tube) da kuma wani na ciki - phelloderm.

Babban ayyuka na periderm - ne kariya daga shuke-shuke da inji lalacewa, shigar azzakari cikin farji na pathogenic kwayoyin, kazalika da bayar da yanayinsa. A karshen aikin da aka bayar da matsanancin Layer - fellemoy saboda ta Kwayoyin cika da iska.

Aiki da tsarin da ɓawon burodi

Ya kunshi matattu fata Kwayoyin phellogen. Bugu da ari, da rufe masana'anta shi ne a kan a waje, a kusa da periderm.

Babban aiki na ɓawon burodi - da kariya daga shuke-shuke daga lalacewa da matsananci yanayin zafi.

Kwayoyin na wannan nama ba su iya raba. Sel kamar yadda wasu kyallen takarda ciki da rarraba. A hankali ɓawon burodi mĩƙe ta, game da shi kara da diamita daga cikin itacen akwati. Duk da haka, wannan masana'anta yana da isasshe low elasticity saboda ta Kwayoyin mallaka sosai m cornified envelopes. A wannan batun, ɓawon burodi fara crack da ewa ba.

A cover masana'anta a fauna

Nau'in na murfin kyallen takarda dabbobi ne yafi bambancin fiye da a tsire-tsire. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Dangane da tsarin ware wadannan iri cover kyallen takarda a cikin dabbobi: guda-Layer da Multi-Layer epithelium. A siffar na farko cell ne zuwa kashi cubic, lebur da cylindrical. Dangane da ayyuka na tsokoki da kuma wasu siffofin na da tsarin rarrabe glandular m, ciliated epithelium.

Akwai wani rarrabuwa da epidermis - dangane da nama daga abin da aka kafa a lokacin ci gaba da tayi. Bisa wannan ka'ida za a iya gano epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny da angiodermalny iri epithelium. Origin kafa daga ectoderm. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne Multi-lebur, amma da ta faru da kuma multilane (pseudostratified).

Enterodermalny kafa daga indodem, shi ne guda-Layer. Tselonefrodermalny kafa daga mesodam. Wannan irin single-Layer epithelium, zai iya zama cubic ko lebur. Ependimoglialny - musamman epithelium cewa Lines da cavities na kwakwalwa. An kafa daga amfrayo na tsarin jijiya tube ne guda Layer, lebur. Angiodermalny kafa daga mesenchyme, shi ne located a ciki gefen jirgin ruwa. Wasu masu bincike sanyã wannan ba to epithelial nama, kuma zuwa connection.

Tsari da kuma aiki

Kadarorin shafi dabba nama ƙarya a gaskiyar cewa Kwayoyin suna located sosai kusa da juna, kusan babu intercellular abu.

Wani alama - gaban ginshiki membrane. An kafa da ayyuka na Kwayoyin da connective nama murfin. A kauri daga muhimmi membrane ne game da 1 micron. Ya kunshi biyu faranti: haske da duhu. Na farko shi ne wani amorphous abu da low gina jiki da abun ciki, m alli ions, wanda samar da sadarwa a tsakanin sel. Dark farantin yana da babban yawan fibrillar collagen da wasu Tsarin cewa samar da ƙarfi ga membrane. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin wani duhu farantin ƙunshi fibronectin da laminin, waxanda suke da zama dole domin farfadowa da epithelium.

Rabe epithelium yana da wani hadadden tsarin fiye da guda Layer. Alal misali, lokacin farin ciki epithelium na fata kunshi biyar yadudduka: muhimmi, spinous, granular, m kuma jaraba. Kwayoyin na kowane Layer da daban-daban tsarin. Kwayoyin na muhimmi Layer bambanta cylindrical siffar, spinous Layer - a cikin polygon siffar, granular - rhomboid, m - lebur sashen dutsen - scaly matattu Kwayoyin cika da keratin.

Ayyuka na epithelial nama - shi ne don kare jiki da inji kuma thermal lalacewa daga shigar azzakari cikin farji na pathogens. Wasu iri epithelium da takamaiman ayyuka. Alal misali, glandular alhakin mugunya hormones da sauran abubuwa irin su earwax, gumi, madara, da sauransu.

Wajen da daban-daban na epithelium a cikin jiki

Watsuwar wannan batu ne mai tebur.

irin epithelium	whereabouts
lebur	Baka rami, nasopharynx, esophagus
cylindrical	A ciki gefen ciki, hanjinsu
cubic	koda tubules
m	hanci rami
ciliated	Airways
glandular	gland
multilayered	Upper fata Layer (cuticle, epidermis)

Wasu daga wadannan jinsunan da takamaiman ayyuka. Alal misali, a taba epidermis, wanda yake a cikin hanci, shi ke da alhakin daya daga cikin biyar hankula - gabar wari.

binciken

A rufe masana'anta ne halin da biyu shuke-shuke da dabbobi. A karo na biyu, suna da yawa fiye da bambancin, da karin hadaddun tsarin da kuma yin karin ayyuka.

Shafi shuka nama ne daga iri uku: na farko, na biyu da kuma kara. A farko halayyar duk tsire-tsire, fãce algae, na biyu - wadanda wadda kara jera stiffens, mafi - ga shuke-shuke da cikakken oderevenevayuschim kara.

Rufe dabba kyallen takarda ake kira epithelial. Akwai da dama daga sukayi fassara a cikin yawan yadudduka a cikin nau'i na Kwayoyin, da ayyuka, bisa ga tushen samuwar. Kamar yadda na farko rarrabuwa, akwai guda-Layer da Multi-Layer epithelium. Na biyu karin bayanai da lebur, cubic, cylindrical, ciliated. Na uku - m, glandular. Kamar yadda na huɗu, akwai epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny da angiodermalny epithelium.

Babban manufar mafi iri shafi yadudduka da kuma dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke - kare jiki daga wani arziki daga waje yanayi, zazzabi tsari.