Mene ne wani kamfani? Jama'a hukumomi. jinginar gida Corporation

Business ne na girma, manyan kamfanoni suna ƙara, da kyau, kananan 'yan kasuwa ƙara da wuya a tsira. Shin suna - da kamfani da cewa su ne, mai kyau ko mummuna - to gama, za mu duba a cikin wannan labarin.

Corporation: definition da kuma yanayi

A yau kasuwar yanayi suna zama ƙara gane cewa} ananan harkokin kasuwanci ne mai wuya a zauna da ninkaya tsakanin sharks kasuwanci kamar yadda waje dalilai iya shafi na ayyuka na kasuwa, amma ya, bi da bi, kunna waƙa yanayi iya ba. Saboda haka, mafi kuma mafi kasuwanci abokai zo tare da zama karfi.

Ma'anar kalmar "kamfani" da ya zo mana a karshen cikin XIX karni da ci gaban da masana'antu. A fili yake cewa tun sa'an nan modified da kuma manufar m aiki, da kuma kasuwanci a general.

Mene ne wani Corporation a yau? Wannan ƙungiya daga wani rukuni na abubuwa (a cikin yanayin - 'yan kasuwa) wanda kai kowa a raga synergistic kokarin. Yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa mai shi ne a cikin aikin na wadannan abokai ba kuzari, don haka kamar yadda kocin ma'aikatan suna aiki dabam- dabam.

Yau, kamfanoni shugabanci ne mafi ci gaba a cikin 'yan jari hujja ƙasashe: Japan, Amurka da kuma Canada.

Abin da suke?

A karkashin halin yanzu dokokin na wasu kasashe, a Jihar kamfani halatta siffofin ne daban-daban, don haka shi ne mafi kuxi to la'akari da su a da dama kullum yarda da kasa da kasa da tattalin arziki ka'idar. Saboda haka, ya fi na kowa nau'i na wadannan:

1. Limited Sanadiyyar Company (LLC). Matsayin mai mulkin, da izini kudi a cikin kamfanin na da irin wannan suna kafa ta kafa nasu albarkatu, don haka da cewa duk kasada ake ɗaukar ta su (ga irin wannan m yanzu tana nufin jinginar gida Corporation).
2. An Rufe hadin gwiwa Stock Company (CJSC). Kamar yadda masu protrude hannun jeri, kuma sũ ne ke raba ribar tsakãninsu da kuma ma'aikata.
3. Open hadin gwiwa Stock Company (JSC). A Securities na da irin wannan bayar da sha'anin da jama'a biyan kuɗinka, don haka saya su iya zama kowa, ciki har da gwamnatin, wanda ya sa jihar hukumomi.
4. Cartel. Yana faruwa a lokacin da a hade kasuwanci abokai da hannu a cikin wannan masana'antu.
5. Holding. The kamfani ya tashi daga wata dama kamfanonin karkashin jagorancin mai raba reshe, don magance key al'amurran da suka shafi na ayyukan su madadin.
6. Tafkin. A rukunin kamfanonin, wanda shi ne daban-daban riba rarraba (taye).

Dangantaka a cikin kamfani

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, idan kasuwanci abokai suna a hade, suka zama dogara a kan juna. Ko da yake wani lokacin shi ya faru da cewa kowane kamfanin daukawa fitar da manyan ayyuka a keɓe, a jeri lokaci-lokaci dividends zuwa hannun jeri (misali na irin wannan jinginar gida kamfani). Amma, duk da haka, akwai wani algorithm na dangantaka tsakanin mai shi da kuma cikin kasuwanci mahaluži:

• da zarar wani m shari'a mahaluži da ake tunawa da iyaye wakilin;
• kudi management zama kamfanoni.
• tsohon kamfanin restructured.
• wani Kamfanin kafa da kuma rassan.

Control System Corporation

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, bayanai a kan gudanar da hadin gwiwa Ventures, kazalika da jikinsu, tsunduma a cikin tsari kayyade a cikin dokoki na sabuwar kafa mahaluži.

Idan ya zo ga CJSC da OJSC, sarrafawa da irin wannan kungiyoyin hayar masu aikatawa, da key al'amurran da suka shafi an yanke shawarar da wani taro na hannun jeri (mallakar gwamnati da hukumomi a kai naúrar kuma suna da wakilai na zartarwa wutar lantarki).

Cartels, toshe bakin, kamfanoni, wuraren waha da sauran siffofin ƙungiya muhimmi a jari hujja jama'a, ginannun kamar haka:

• Board of Directors (dabarun shiryawa).
• Jami'in (yake yi wa umarni, Bears rabo daga alhakin).
• wasu ma'aikatan (yawanci a tsaye matsayi).

amfanin hukumomi

Mene ne wani kamfani? Wakilai na jari hujja jama'a jayayya da cewa wannan shi ne mafi kyau duka nau'i na aiki na tattalin arziki da abokai. Kuma a wasu hanyoyi suna da gaskiya, domin tabbatacce gefe na yanzu:

1. The yiwuwar ci gaba da karuwa da samar iya aiki, kamar yadda babbar damuwa ne sauƙin tsira a wani m zamani kasuwar yanayi.
2. Finance Corporation - sau da yawa mai girma janye ga zuba jari. Amma duk da haka akwai wani karfi alama cewa mariƙin na waje babban birnin kasar da su zuba jari kudi a cikin wani kamfanin, maimakon hadarin yin alaka da daya-rana kamfanonin.
3. Irin wannan ƙungiyoyi yawanci suna da dogon lokaci da kuma dogon lokacin da dabarun shiri na raya, wanda wasu har tabbatar da AMINCI da kudi da kwanciyar hankali.
4. Wanda ke nufin da kamfani? rarraba hakkokin. Saboda haka, musamman ga masu hannun jeri ne yafi riba to kai m alhakin ayyukan da kamfanin, maimakon full.

shortcomings

Kamar yadda shi ne hali na da cikakkar nau'i na aiki da kasuwanci, da hukumomi da yawan drawbacks:

1. Kada mu manta da cewa a cikin wadannan batutuwa cikin ayyukan da iko da kuma management aka za'ayi da daban-daban kungiyoyin na jami'an da za su iya haifar da mai saɓani yanayi da kuma gazawar amsa wa waɗanda ko wasu korau al'amurran.
2. Dagagge matakan haraji. Tun da ingancin danganta zuwa Jihar baitul za su zama kamar wani kaso daga net riba, kuma dividends.
3. Babbar matakin na m dama da kuma hanyoyi domin manajoji iya cũtar da wuri. Alal misali, idan harka a kamfanin ba faruwa da kyau, da management iya hukunci, to, ƙarin Securities, da Saide daga wanda zai rufe daga baya ya haifar a farkon asarar.

Mene ne wani kamfani a Rasha

Principles da kuma siffofin yin kasuwanci a Rasha a yau shi ne don haka bambancin da cewa ba za mu iya samun mai yawa na masu zaman kansu, 'yan kasuwa da kuma kananan kamfanin kawai fara da ayyukan kamfanoni da kuma iko sharks a fuskar "Sibneft" da "Gazprom".

Duk da cewa kowane daga cikinsu ya bĩbiyi daban-daban manufofin da yana da babbar bambance-bambance a ƙõƙarinsu, sai tallace-tallace kundin, akwai har yanzu a yawan matsaloli, wanda shared da duk, ba tare da togiya:

• maximizing samar da kimiyya-fasaha dangantaka tsakanin mahalarta da kamfanoni, da kuma gyara kasafi na da nauyin da hukumar da kuma jami'an hukumar masu;
• dabarun controls responsibly saka idanu wasan kwaikwayon na Enterprises.
• yayin da tsunduma a cikin kai tsaye dubawa na jami'an "a cikin filin".
• musamman manyan hukumomi na kokarin yi a cikin kamfanin da musamman tattalin arziki cibiyoyin, suna tsunduma a cikin gwamnatin na yanzu aiki na kasuwanci mahaluži.
• intercompany cinikayya suna da za'ayi a karkashin yanayi na musamman.

binciken

Saboda haka, za mu dubi abin da wani kamfani, abin da su ne nau'in samu, wanda shi daukawa fitar da ayyuka da kuma saukar da biyu da amfani ko rashin amfani wannan hanyar ƙungiya aiki.

Dole ne mu gane cewa a cikin post-Soviet gwamnatin gauraye da tattalin arziki, mu ma da nisa daga jari hujja jama'a, da kuma muna ba da} wannan? Da yawa daya-rana kamfanonin da kananan kamfanoni tare da kadan dabarun tsare-tsaren. Amma, duk da haka, mafi yawan kasashen yammacin kasuwanci a duniya ya wadãtu da wannan nau'i na kungiya aiki ne quite nasara.

Wa ya sani, watakila a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, na zamani kasuwa ne kome bar amma ya gama in ya fi girma kasuwanci ƙawance domin tsira a yau m kasuwar jama'a, amma a yanzu, cewa - ku yi jihãdi ga mafi kyau.