Mene ne wani operetta? Mene ne wani operetta a music? operetta Theater

Yarda, da tambaya: "Mene ne operetta" a kalla sau daya a rayuwa ya taso ne daga wani mutum, kuma kowane samu amsarsa. Jikewa da mu a cikin wannan m batun.

Operetta - musamman salo na Theatrical art. Yana za a iya bayyana a matsayin m saitin cewa hadawa da vocal basira na artists tare da su wasan kwaikwayo hirar da dance karatu. A da ginshikin, wannan shi ne wani Multi-faceted aikin koyarwa, wasan kwaikwayo wanda shi ne haske, m hali, amma wani lokacin boyewa m subtext ko drama.

A tarihi tushen da operetta samo asali a zamanin da lokacin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a wasanni amsa daga scenes daga rayuwar gumakan, ya sa su a cikin girmamawa ga mutane da yawa hours of wasanni, wanda ya riga ya gano na farko germs na operetta. Son, ko da ban tausayi labarin da aka ba kawai music, amma kuma masu ma'ana dangane da rawa da sosai halitta.

A kananan mu'ujiza - operetta

A matsayin mai raba Genre na operetta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya bayyana a cikin XIX karni a Turai: Vienna, Jamus, Faransa, Ingila. Bayan ziyartar su, kana iya samun amsar wannan tambaya: abin da yake a m comedy a music? Wannan inda wannan irin art aka haife kuma an kara raya.

The kafa ne dauke su wani operetta da Jacques Offenbach. Wannan shi ne wani fitaccen Faransa mawaki na Jamus asali, wanda ya shafe mafi ransa aiki a wani sabon abu salo. Saboda aikinsa mai ban mamaki art form an gane da yawa muhimmanci Figures dramatics, misali, K. Stanislavsky. Ya so domin wasan kwaikwayo ya fara da operetta kanta. A wasu kafofin, da kafa mahaifin m vocal wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira Austria mawaki Franz von Suppe. Lalle ne, wannan hujja za a iya dauka a matsayin abin dogara a matsayin Suppe ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga operetta. Yau, kusan kowane yi, godiya ta zuwa ga sababbin abubuwa, da Waltz sauti da kuma siffofin misali ne fiye na mai m, romantic hali, maimakon a comedy.

Operetta a Turai

A zamanin Faransa operetta aka alama ta m flowering na wani haske hali, kamar yadda Zhak Offenbah. Su ne a kananan wasan kwaikwayo a Champs Elysees ( "Bouffes-Parisiens") da aka bude, wanda yana sanya irin manyan ayyukan matsayin "Makafi Biyu", "manyan mukaman Life", "Orpheus a cikin Underworld", "The Beautiful Helen" kuma da yawa wasu. Operetta sãɓã wa jũna wa'adi, gaisuwa, witty da capricious yanayi. Lokaci mafi kyau na Turanci operetta ake dangantawa da irin mashahuri Figures a matsayin William Gilbert da kuma A. Sullivan. Hayayyafa hadin gwiwa na talented mutane ya kai ga halittar wani zagayowar Savoy wasanni. Daga cikin su akwai comic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Trial da shaidun kotu", kishin batun sava alqawari na aure. Bayan da aka bi da rubutu wani ƙarin 13 hadin gwiwa ayyukansu, duka daga gare su sun yi babban rabo mai girma.

Na musamman sha'awa ne da Viennese gargajiya operetta. Ba za ka iya watsi da irin wannan muhimmanci adadi kamar yadda Iogann Shtraus (ɗan). Wannan sunan wannan mutumin baiwa, da basira ga m wasan kwaikwayo hade al'adu babban birnin kasar na Turai. Tare da Genre na operetta fice mawaki na sadu a wani balagagge shekaru, da kuma shi ne zai yiwu cewa wannan al'amari taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittar da daga baya ayyukansu. Ya kamata mu ma haskaka da operetta "Die Fledermaus" a wurin aiki wanda ya dauki game 6 makonni. Wannan m samfurin har yanzu a matsayin daya daga cikin ababuwa ayyukan mawaki. Ya kamata ka tambayi wani mutum mai tambaya: "Mene ne operetta," da farko da ƙungiyoyi da ta zo hankali - wannan shi ne Vienna, Johann Strauss dan da grandiose aiki na Austria mawaki "Die Fledermaus".

Operetta a Rasha

Idan muka magana game da kasar mu, da Genre na operetta dogon lokaci ba a gane da kuma bai ji dadin babban rabo mai girma tare da mu masu sauraro. Mutane so to watch vaudeville, wasan kwaikwayo na kida da kuma iri-iri da wasanni. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XIX, da halin da ake ciki an canza a Rasha an fara bayyana da farko kungiyoyin aiki a cikin Genre na karamin wasar kwaikwayo ta waka.

Su repertoire kunshi ayyukan da Turai mawallafa, mafi yawa Faransa. Amma su da kansu da za'ayi irin wannan shahara productions mita wasan kwaikwayo da kuma Music, kamar yadda Alexander Glazunov, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, M. Tairov. Its alama a cikin wannan Theatrical Genre bar darektan da actor Vladimir Lentovsky. Ya bude dama manyan sinimomi a Rasha, ta lush da m wasanni tattara sanarwa. A gabatarwa nema ya samu duka shahararren artists, da kuma talakawa da masu kallo. Mun gode wa aikin a cikin Genre na operetta su na farko matakai sanya da yawa talented artists: Monakhov, K. Girkawa, V. Shuvalov, A. Bryansk, I. Vavich da sauransu.

A heyday na operetta Genre a Rasha da dama zuwa Soviet lokaci. Its kafa dauke su Dunayevsky kuma N. Strelnikov. Operetta wannan lokaci ya fara saya da kansa rarrabe fasali, shi hadawa da al'adar gargajiya Viennese makaranta tare da ruhun zamanin. Versions aka gabatar a wani m, mai kuzari, m da kuma wani lokacin m hanya. Amma da sanarwa ne ko da yaushe m!

Yana da aka ban sha'awa su koyi cewa operetta matsayin Genre wanzu ne kawai a Rasha, amma a kasar mu akwai irin wannan sunan. A cikin West, wannan harka da aka kira a matsayin "comic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka" ko, kamar yadda a Jamus, "Singspiel".

Bari mu magana game da ...

Mun taƙaice shãfe a kan tambaya: abin da yake wani operetta? The music yana da fuskoki dabam- dabam, kamar yadda a wani art form. Bita da kuma koyi kowane daga cikinsu na iya zama iyaka, amma za mu taba Mai Tsarki na Holies - da Operetta Theater.

A kasar mu, cikin shahararrun fage na kananan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka a Moscow. A wasanni na wannan wasan kwaikwayo gidan rike da classic hadisin a gabatar m ayyukansu, kuma a lokaci guda maraba da zamani m ga halittarsu. Directors ayan zabi mai kyau da haihuwa nuna, kuma ta haka ne da basira da amfani da aiki a kansu da wani zamani harshe da kuma sababbin dabaru a cikin wadata da kayan da sababbin dabarun da fasahar sababbin abubuwa a samar da haske da kuma sauti. Godiya ga m aiki na darektan da kuma ban mamaki simintin na yau Theater Moscow Operetta yana da wani abu matsayi a Rasha da kuma aka sosai girmamawa a Turai.

The Best of operetta

Zai yiwu mafi kyau aiki zaka iya hada masu tsĩrar da nuna a kan mafi shahara, saukarwa a duniya: Vienna, Faransa, Rasha. Daga cikin su akwai irin wannan gagarumin operetta matsayin "jemage" da "Gypsy Baron" Ioganna Shtrausa Jr., sanannen ayyukan Hungarian mawaki Imre Kalman "Mr. X", "Silva," "Bayadera". yarda da juna, operetta da Jacques Offenbach "serocolitis" da kuma "The Beautiful Helen". ba za'a iya mantawaba halittun da Franz Lehar ta "The Merry bazawar," "Gypsy love", a kyalkyali staging Louis Barnes, "Fanfan-Tulip."

Wadannan da sauran ƙwarai ayyukan da mai girma composers an san da kuma ƙaunar da a kasashen da dama. The masu sauraro gladly tafi a kan gabatar da dukkan iyalansu, saboda litattafansu a duk sau shãfe ran wakilan daban-daban da al'ummomi.

A dunƙule dai, babban abu

Ya kamata a lura da cewa operetta - mai salo cewa, kamar yadda wallafe-wallafen ayyukan ƙwarai, a cikin kowane shekaru ana riskarsa a hanyoyi daban-daban. Yana da abu daya zuwa karanta, kamar "Anna Karenina" a cikin goma sa, da kuma quite wani - kamar yadda ya fara tasawa sake saduwa da mãkirci. Yana za a gane quite daban. Musical wasanni halayyar da wannan labarin.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da classic operetta sau da yawa jurewa aiwatar a cikin saba labari na wasu m nau'o'i: m da dutsen wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Wannan tattara abubuwa masu kyau na wasan kwaikwayo shugabanci ne halayyar ba kawai ga kasarmu amma ga dukan duniya na music. Wannan kyau a san shi resonates a cikin zukatan masoya na ban mamaki Genre na operetta.