Mene ne wani topology? Abin da ake nufi da gida cibiyar sadarwa topology

Kalmar "topology" yana mai yawa na dabi'u, daya daga wanda aka yi amfani da kwamfuta duniya domin networks. Mene ne wani topology na kwamfuta cibiyoyin sadarwa, da kuma za a tattauna kara. Amma, neman gaba 'yan, a cikin sauki hali, wannan ra'ayi za a iya daukarsa a description na sanyi (tsari) na kwakwalwa da alaka da cibiyar sadarwa. A wasu kalmomin, ya zo saukar zuwa fahimtar ba da kansu mahadi da kuma lissafi siffofi da suka dace da wuri na kowane m irin.

Abin da ake nufi da gida cibiyar sadarwa topology?

Kamar yadda ya bayyana, kwakwalwa, a hade a cikin guda cibiyar sadarwa, haɗa su ba m, amma a wani sosai musamman domin. Ga bayanin wannan makirci da kuma fahimtar topology da aka gabatar.

A gaskiya, abin da topology? A taswira kewaye zane taswira. Siffatawa aiwatar kamar yadda ya bayyana a sarari a cikin wani abu mai kama wani na farko da ilmi na lissafi. Duk da haka, zalla daga geometrical ra'ayi, wannan lokaci ba za a dauke. Tun da muna magana ba kawai game da sadarwa, amma kuma da canja wurin da bayanai a wannan batun ya kamata ya yi la'akari da wannan factor.

The main iri networks da su topologies

A general, manufar guda kwamfuta topology ba ya wanzu. An yi imani da cewa akwai iya zama da dama iri topologies, tare bayyana a musamman sadarwar. A gaskiya ma, cikin cibiyar sadarwa na iya zama quite daban-daban.

Alal misali, cikin sauki nau'i na connectionless dama kwamfuta tashoshi a cikin wani aure naúrar za a iya kira WLAN. Akwai tsaka-cibiyar sadarwa iri daban-daban (birane, yanki, da sauransu. D.).

A karshe, mafi yawan su ne manyan duniya networks da shafi manyan yanayin yankunan da hada dukkan sauran iri networks, kazalika da kwakwalwa da kuma harkokin sadarwa kayan aiki.

Amma abin da ake nufi da topology na cibiyar sadarwa a matsayin daya daga cikin sauki siffofin shiri na a haɗa mahara kwakwalwa wa juna, a cikin wannan yanayin?

A kan tushen da aka bayyana a matakai da kuma Tsarin kasu kashi da dama iri:

• jiki - bayanin zahiri data kasance kwamfuta tsari da kuma tsarin sadarwa nodes da dangantaka tsakanin su.
• dabaru - wani bayanin da nassi daga cikin siginar sadarwa.
• Bayani - bayanin irin motsi, shugabanci da kuma madosa na data cikin cibiyar sadarwa.
• musayar iko - a bayanin da manufa na amfani ko canja wurin da hakkin ya yi amfani da cibiyar sadarwa.

Cibiyar sadarwa topology: Nau'in

Yanzu 'yan kalmomi game da misali rarrabuwa na topologies iri sadarwa. A cikin mahallin da abin da topology kamata kuma ambaci wani irin rarrabuwa da ya bayyana kawai hanyar zuwa connect da kwamfuta zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, ko da manufa ta hulda da sauran tashoshi ko da babban raka'a. A wannan yanayin, da dacewa Concepts ne cikakken raga topologies da nepolnosvyazannoy.

Cikakken raga tsarin (da aka gane a duniya) ne sosai amfani da tsauraran matakan saboda gaskiyar cewa kowane guda m, wani ɓangare na wani guda cibiyar sadarwa, haɗa dukan sauran mutane. A hasara a nan shi ne cewa ga kowane kwamfuta dole ne tsayar da ƙarin sadarwa kayan aiki, da kuma m ya kamata a sanye take da wani isasshe manyan yawan sadarwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Kuma kamar yadda mai mulkin, irin Tsarin idan suna amfani, shi ne musamman rare.

Nepolnosvyazannaya topology a cikin wannan yanki shi ne yafi fin so, domin kowane guda m ba a haɗa da dukan sauran kwakwalwa, da kuma na'am ko watsa bayanai ta hanyar wani takamaiman cibiyar sadarwa nodes ko ya haɗu kai tsaye zuwa tsakiyar cibiya, ko cibiya. A daukan hankali misali - da cibiyar sadarwa topology ne "star".

Tun da muna magana ne game da babban hanyoyin hada integrally tashoshi (cibiyar sadarwa) ya zauna a asali topologies duk manyan iri, daga cikinsu da babban wadanda su ne "bas", "star" da "zobe", ko da yake akwai wasu gauraye iri.

Cibiyar sadarwa topology "taya» (bas)

Wannan irin ƙungiya tashoshi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ne Popular, ko da yake yana da matukar tsanani shortcomings.

Ka yi la'akari da abin da topology "bas" iya zama mai sauki misali. Tunanin wani na USB da mahara taps a kowane gefe. A karshen kowane irin reshe ne kwamfuta m. Tsakanin kansu, sun ba kai tsaye alaka, da kuma bayanai da aka samu da kuma daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar guda line, duka biyu iyakar abin da musamman terminators cewa hana tunani na siginar sa. Wannan shi ne wani misali mikakke cibiyar sadarwa topology.

A amfani da irin wannan mahadi ne cewa tsawon na babban layin da aka ma rage, da kuma mutum m rashin cin nasara a aiki na cibiyar sadarwa a matsayin dukan ba zai yi tasiri. Babban drawback ne cewa shi dai dukan cibiyar sadarwa a take hakkin mafi karauka unworkable. Bayan da topology "bas" yana da iyaka ga yawan alaka workstations, kuma yana da isasshe low yawan aiki saboda Resource kasafi a cikin dukan tashoshi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. The rarraba iya zama a ko'ina ko unevenly.

Topology "Star» (star)

A cibiyar sadarwa topology ne "star" a wasu hanyoyi reminiscent na "bas", tare da kawai bambancin da ake cewa dangane da m aka sanya ba su guda line, da kuma tsakiyar rarraba na'urar (cibiya, cibiya).

Just wani dandali duk kwakwalwa iya sadarwa tare da juna. A bayanin da aka daukar kwayar cutar zuwa cibiya ga dukkan na'urorin, amma aka yarda ne kawai da zuwa ga waɗanda aka yi nufi. A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan dangane hada da ikon tsakiya sarrafa duk cibiyar sadarwa tashoshi, kazalika da dangane da sabon. Duk da haka, kamar yadda a cikin hali na "bas", da gazawar da babban sharuddan sauyawa na'urar yana da abubuwan ga dukan cibiyar sadarwa.

Topology "zobe» (zobe)

A karshe, muna da wani irin dangane - wani zobe cibiyar sadarwa topology. Kamar yadda yiwuwa riga bayyana daga sunan, dangane da kwakwalwa aka yi sequentially daga daya zuwa wani ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki nodes, da kuma haddasa wani mugun da'irar (ba shakka, da fuska a cikin wannan harka - manufar matukar).

Lokacin da yada bayanai daga masomin ta hanyar duk da tashoshi ta matuƙar mai karɓa. Amma amincewa da matuƙar beneficiary aka sanya a kan tushen da damar alama. Wato, da bayanai samun kawai alama a cikin bayanai rafi na m. Wannan makirci ne kusan ba amfani saboda gaskiyar cewa gazawar da daya kwamfuta za ta atomatik haifar da keta dukan cibiyar sadarwa.

Raga da kuma gauraye topology

Wannan irin dangane za a iya samu, idan ka cire daya daga cikin sama mahadi wasu links ko ƙara su daga baya. A mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan makirci da ake amfani a manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa.

A wannan dangane mu iya gane da dama na asali Kalam. Mafi na kowa suna dauke da makirci na "biyu zobe", "itace", "grating", "Snowflake", "Clos cibiyar sadarwa," da sauransu. D. Kamar yadda za a iya gani ko da daga sunaye, duk bambancin kan asali iri sadarwa, wanda ake dauka a matsayin akai.

Akwai kuma gauraye irin topology cewa iya hada 'yan wasu (subnet), harhada bisa ga wasu halayyar fasali.

ƙarshe

Yanzu, watakila, a fili yake cewa irin wannan topology. Idan muka yi wani babban total, wannan ra'ayi ne mai bayanin hanyoyin da za a haɗa kwakwalwa a kan wani cibiyar sadarwa da kuma hulda tsakanin su. Kamar yadda wannan ne yake aikata, shi ya dogara kawai a kan m jam'iyya Hanyar a daya naúrar. Kuma a ce a yau shi ne mai yiwuwa a ware wasu daya a duniya a dangane zaɓi, ba za ka iya. A kowane batu, da kuma dangane da bukatun za a iya amfani da daya ko wasu irin sadarwa. Amma a gida yankin networks, idan ya yi magana game da su, ya fi na kowa ne a makirci "star", ko da yake "bas" har yanzu ana amfani yadu isa.

Ya zauna a ƙara da cewa cibiyar sadarwa topology za a iya samu ko da manufar karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization, amma su ne mafi yawa ba a hade da sadarwa, da kuma kula da tsarin sadarwa tashoshi da kuma iko a kan su. Karkashin shugabancin tsakiya ne a fili da aka bayyana a cikin sadarwa irin "star", amma shi ne zartar da irin wannan da kuma decentralization samar da ƙarin shigar da abubuwa domin bunkasa sadarwa AMINCI a cikin fitarwa na tsakiyar canza tsarin. Quite tasiri ci gaba a wannan batun ne makirci "hypercube", amma yana da wuya a ci gaba.