Namo na farkon kabeji. Farkon kabeji: dasa da kuma kula

Kabeji - mai muhimmanci sosai da amfanin gona, wanda aka girma daga a tarihi mai nisa. Yau akwai fiye da dozin na da jinsin da yawa iri.

Kabeji ƙunshi mutane da yawa na gina jiki: gina jiki, fiber, bitamin, macro- da microelements. Regular amfani da duk irin kabeji ne mai kyau rigakafin ciwon daji da kuma cututtukan zuciya. Kabeji da amfani ga cututtuka daban-daban kamar anemia, daban-daban cututtuka, fata cututtuka da sauransu. Bayan haka, kabeji ganye suna amfani da wani damfara for daban-daban raunuka, ciwon kai, babba numfashi fili cututtuka.

Mutane da yawa lambu ne sha'awar yadda za a yi girma farkon kabeji a shafin. Wannan shi ne mai sauki isa, da yanayi na musamman na girma da wannan amfanin gona na bukatar.

shirye-shiryen da tsaba

Namo na farkon kabeji fara tare da shiri na tsaba da cewa bukatar da za a ana jerawa da kuma disinfect. A saboda wannan dalili, dole ne a farko sanya minti 20 a wani zafi, sa'an nan ga daya zuwa biyu da minti a cikin ruwan sanyi da kuma bushe. Idan ka sayi tsaba a store, babu bukatar ga irin wannan horo.

Kafin dasa, yana da kyawawa don jiƙa tsaba na farkon kabeji da kuma tempering su a zazzabi +1 +2 ... ° C dare. Saboda wannan za su girma da sauri, a Bugu da kari, irin wannan horo inganta sanyi juriya na shuke-shuke.

shuka lokaci

dasa lokaci ya dogara da abin da irin da irin farkon kabeji. Lokacin da shuka shi ne mafi kyau don samun amfanin gona mai kyau?

Early irin farin da kuma ja kabeji for seedlings sown a marigayi Maris, Broccoli da launi - daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa marigayi Afrilu, Brussels - daga tsakiyar zuwa marigayi Afrilu. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da yanayin damina.

girma yanayi

Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da dama da muhimmanci da maki to kyau girma da kuma ci gaban farkon kabeji. Dasa da kuma kula for daban-daban iri m kama. Kabeji ba za a iya girma a wannan wuri fiye da shekaru uku. Yana bada girbi mai kyau a cikin yankunan inda a baya girma wake, beets, tumatir, albasa, dankali, cucumbers.

Wani irin al'adu ne da dace m, haske loam, yashi loam, sod-podzolic, peat kasa da acidity kusa da tsaka tsaki. A girbi mai kyau ba za su zama a kan yashi, kuma nauyi lãka gona.
The site ya kamata a bude da kuma kyau haske.

site shirye-shiryen

Na bayar da muhimmanci shi ne cikin shirye-shiryen site, wadda za ta girma farkon kabeji. Dasa da kuma kula da tsire-tsire zai fara a cikin bazara. Mãkirci ga farkon kabeji dole shirya fall. Don yin wannan, shi haƙa kuma hadu. A amfani a matsayin taki yadda ya kamata Humus, taki da kuma takin a cikin wani adadin 1-1.5 buckets da m ^2.

Har ila yau sanya mafi taki a wani adadin 40 g superphosphate da 1 m ² da kasa da rabin da potassium chloride. Acidic ƙasa da lemun tsami.

Da zuwan spring, ƙasar da dasa za a iya za'ayi farkon kabeji, haƙa, gãshin kuma hadu. Kamar yadda amfani da taki baza (daya guga da murabba'in mita) da kuma itace ash (1-2 v. Per murabba'in mita).

Seedling Hanyar for girma

Namo na farkon kabeji seedlings ba ka damar samun mai kyau girbi. Tsaba suna sown a cikin kwalaye cike da ƙasa ƙasa, wanda yake a baya dole ga santsi daga da kuma zuba. Sa'an nan sa kwarin kunya zurfin game da 1.5 cm, da tsaba suna sown a 2 cm. Har harbe bayyana, shi ne cewa wajibi cikin dakin da zazzabi da aka kimanin 20 ° C. Lokacin da tsaba germinate, da zazzabi da aka saukar zuwa 8 ° C da kuma kiyaye a wannan matakin da ya gabata, bayan da shi dole ne za a tashe su 16-18 ° C lokacin da rana da kuma game da 10 ° C da dare.

Bayan biyu ganye bayyana, rike da sama da seedlings cikin mutum kwantena. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa kana bukatar karin ɗaukar hoto for kyau girma da kuma ci gaban da kabeji.

Bayan bayyanar 5-6 gaskiya ganye daga cikin seedlings dasa a bude ƙasa.

Girma ba tare da na zaba

Dasa farkon kabeji seedlings iri amfani da kofuna, peat Allunan tukwane ko musamman farantansa. A kowane jirgin ruwa ko cell dole vysejat biyu tsaba. Lokacin da harbe bayyana, ya bar kawai da karfi shuka.

Dasa a bude ƙasa

Lokacin da iska zazzabi ya wuce 17 ° C, da kuma ƙasa zazzabi - 14 ° C, kabeji seedlings dasa farkon a cikin ƙasa.

Seedlings na daban-daban iri suna dasa a daban-daban jeri:

- Early (tsofaffi) mãsu da kuma ja kabeji - 30 × 40;
- Broccoli - 30 × 60, domin ci gaba a kaikaice rassan - 40 × 60;
- Brussels sprouts - 60 × 70;
- Early kohlrabi - 30 × 40;
- Savoy kabeji - 70 × 30;
- launi farkon kabeji - 30 × 60.

Shi ne mafi kyau shuka kabeji a cikin hadari ko ruwa weather. Don ƙasa ba compacted kuma crusted, shi dole ne a kai a kai ciyawa ko sassauta.

nonseedlings hanya

Tare da wannan hanya, tsaba suna sown kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa namo farkon kabeji. Namo na farkon kabeji a cikin wannan hanya yana da nasa abũbuwan amfãni. A shuka ba shi da sake dasa itatuwa, tushen ci gaba da kuma sama-ƙasa sashi ba shi da sauri fiye da a cikin Hanyar seedling namo, ya karu da amfanin gona da ake samu. Shuka na farkon kabeji da aka yi a lokuta dabam dabam, dangane da girma yankin.

Kafin dasa kare tsaba daga kwari suna bi ta amfani da 12% hexachloran. A seeding rate - 2 kg 1 kadada, dasa zurfin - 2-3 cm.

Da zarar shuka zai zama na 4-5 gaskiya ganye, kabeji thinned fita, ya bar daya shuka a nesa na 40-50 cm daga juna. Bugu da ari kula ne guda kamar yadda a cikin namo seedlings ta amfani da: shãyarwa, hoeing, kariya daga kwari.

Barbarar da kuma kula

Yadda girma ganye da kuma abin da size za a je fita, shi ya dogara da yadda shuka da aka bayar tare da nitrogen. Na musamman bukatar nitrogen yana da kabeji da samuwar shugaban. Lokacin da shugaban ya fara da za a daura, da shuka yana bukatar potassium.

A mako bayan da aka dasa seedlings, shi wajibi ne don ciyar daga urea bayani (da ciyar da goma shuke-shuke - .. 3 tbsp da 1 guga na ruwa), kafin tying na shugaban ciyar da used nitrophoska (wannan rabo na biyar shuke-shuke).

Amfani da Organic taki domin barbarar, su bayani ne shirya ranar kafin a ciyar. Container mai cike da tsuntsu sabili da kashin dabbabin rabin cika da ruwa. Taki wajibi ne don saro 'yan sau a rana, har ruwa yi kama. Nan da nan kafin barbarar cikin ruwa dole ne a diluted da ruwa sau goma.

Kabeji yana son danshi, don haka wajibi ne don a hana bushewa da ƙasa. Farkon kabeji shayar uku zuwa sau hudu a mako. Kafin girbi, idan an zaci kara ajiya, watering tasha for 35-45 kwanaki.

Bayan ban ruwa wajibi ne don sassauta kasar gona, kowane lokaci rage machining zurfin haka kada su lalata tushen tsarin. Don girma lafiya farkon kabeji, shi ne kuma wajibi ne don SPUD, amma ba bushe gona.

kwaro Control

Kwari da kuma sauran kwari zai iya sa irreparable lalacewar da amfanin gona, don haka kana bukatar ka kula da shuka kariya.

Farkon kabeji, da kuma farin kabeji za a iya lalace kabeji gardama, wanda larvae dalilin lalacewar dasa tushen sa. A wannan yanayin, da kabeji fara zã a zafi weather, kuma ta ƙananan ganye ne bluish.

Don magance wannan barazana ta amfani da DDT ƙura ko kura hexachlorane 6%, wanda pollinating shuke-shuke bayan dasa. A hanya aka yi biyu ko sau uku a mako-mako jinkiri. A kasar gona da aka shayar da yin amfani da 30% thiophos (taro - 0.03%). Ground za a iya yafa masa a kusa da shuke-shuke naphthalene, gauraye da yashi (1: 5).

A shuka, wanda aka kawai fara buɗo, yana iya lalata crucifer gwanjo, wanda ciyarwa a kan ganyen kabeji. Kare da wannan kwaro iya farkon seeding da kuma transplanting, wanda damar shuke-shuke da girma da karfi kafin gwanjo kunna. Don hanzarta ci gaban da kuma kara da juriya na shuke-shuke ciyar da amfani nitrate da kuma taki.

Lalacewar da shuka iya kuma kabeji fari malam (fari malam fuka-fuki a baki spots). Na qwai da cewa an aza a kan underside na wani takardar located caterpillars. Raspolzayas na shuke-shuke, suna ciyar da abinci a cikin ganyayyaki, da cin su ga m jijiyoyinmu. A yaki da kabeji fari malam yin amfani da wannan hanyar a matsayin ga diamondback asu.

Haddasa babban lahani ga shuka mazauna na kabeji aphids cewa tsotse juices daga shuke-shuke. A ganye suna nan tare da rufe spots fara nade. Inda hakan ya ci gaban da kabeji, kabeji kai ne kare kirtani.

Don magance wannan barazana kafin tying shugaban kabeji shuka da aka fesa amfani anabasine sulfate (taro - 0.2%) ko 2.5% Metaphos ƙura. Yadda ya kamata spraying taba broth, wanda wajibi ne a samu wani zuba taba ƙura (400 g), ruwa (2 L) da kuma Boiled for 2 hours. Ostuzhennoy tace bayani. Sa'an nan, ya zama dole don ƙara wani sabulu (50 g), da kuma duk narkar da a guga na ruwa.

Namo na farkon kabeji a cikin wani greenhouse

Kabeji ne daya daga cikin manyan amfanin gona da dasa a cikin greenhouse. Suna yafi girma kabeji farkon kabeji. Lokacin da shuka tsaba a cikin wannan hanya?

Don girma farkon kabeji a cikin wani greenhouse, da tsaba da bukatar shuka a farkon watan Fabrairu. A farkon watan Afrilu, da seedlings ana shuka a nesa na 35-40 cm. Seedlings ya kamata da 3-4 gaskiya ganye, bayan an huce ba.

A bayyanar seedlings iya magana game da abin da zai zama da girbi. A shuke-shuke da cewa suna da koren ganye, mai rauni tushen tsarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa seedlings zai dauki tushen talauci. A siffar da takardar za a iya hukunci a kan siffar da kai. Idan manyan ganye da kuma kara takaice da kuma lokacin farin ciki, sa'an nan, zai zama wani babban kabeji.

Na share fage, wanda zai kabeji girma a cikin greenhouse ya kamata a da-hadu, m, loamy da kuma tarko danshi da kyau. Bukatar yau da kullum da loosening kasar gona da taki barbarar bayani.

A zafin jiki fuska ga namo sprouts - daga 5 zuwa 20 ° C. Sun seedlings bukatar ƙarin lighting. A lokacin samuwar kai shuka yana bukatar babban adadin danshi.

girbi

Early irin kabeji cabbages bayyana game 55-60 kwanaki bayan seedling aka dasa, wato, a cikin marigayi Yuni - farkon Yuli. Maturation na shugabannin ba a lokaci guda, don haka kana bukatar ka cire su a dama, saukarwa, yankan tare da kaifi wuka. Kamar wancan bar 2-3 ganye da kuma stalk tsawon zuwa 2 cm.

muhimmanci dokoki

Tunanin yadda za a girma farkon kabeji, ka farko bukatar kula game da ingancin da seedlings, kuma ga cewa kana bukatar ka tuna 'yan muhimmanci da maki:

1. Kafin shuka tsaba, su dole ne su kasance a shirye don kauce wa cututtuka na shuke-shuke.

2. A amfani gona cakuda ya kamata ba mai tsanani. Idan ka yi amfani da ƙasa daga cikin lambu, ya zama dole ga pre-bi da sanyi a kan titi ko a kan baranda, da zafi magani dole. A mafi wani zaɓi - shi ne sayan wani musamman shirye mix.

3. Yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye shuka lokaci. Farkon kabeji sown a tsakiyar watan Maris. Tsawanta da girbi, shi za a iya sown a kwanaki biyu ko uku na makonni biyu.

4. Capacity da seedlings kamata a located in wani wuri inda akwai isasshen hasken rana. In ba haka ba ja seedlings iya faruwa. Bugu da bukatar haske da kyalli fitilu, domin a cimma overall tsawon na hasken rana hours 12-14 hours.

5. Lokacin da ka karɓi na farko gaskiya ganye, seedlings bukatar taurare. Har ila yau, low zafin jiki ta kasu seedlings haske. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole a tsaya fita. Wannan taimaka kauce wa mikewa seedlings.

6. watering kamata ka tsakaita, su hana tushen lalaci. A supernatant da ake amfani da ban ruwa da ruwa a 22-23 ° C.

7. Kafin ka matsar da seedlings zuwa yankin shi ne ba shayar. Tsire-tsire da suke da dan kadan podvyali, ba a karya.

Yarda da wadannan sauki dokoki za ta samar da wani kyakkyawan girbi wannan amfani da al'adunsu.