NATO kara girma: nĩsantar da kuma yanayi

Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization (NATO) a kan hanyar samun bunkasuwar ya halartar da dama, saukarwa na fadada kuma maimaita canji na manufar aiki. Matsalar shi ne m NATO fadada zuwa Rasha a motsi da kungiyar zuwa Gabas, to Rasha ta kan iyakoki.

Tarihi baya na NATO

A bukatar wani daban-daban irin jam'iyya bayyana a kango na haihuwa duniya bayan yakin duniya na II. Post-yaki maimaitawa, to taimako shafa kasashe, inganta da jindadin memba-jihohin alliance, hadin kai, zaman lafiya da tsaro - duk wannan ya zama babban Sanadin kunnawa da hadewa matakai a Turai.

MDD shaci aka delineated a shekarar 1945, kasashen yammacin Tarayyar Turai ya precursor zuwa na zamani EU, majalisar Turai - guda shekaru a matsayin NATO - aka kafa a 1949. A ra'ayin na ha Turai kuwa, a cikin iska tun da 20-ies na XX karni, amma har karshen babban-sikelin yaki, shi ba zai yiwu ya haifar da wani alliance . Kuma na farko a yunkurin hadewa kuma ba su kasance musamman nasara: kungiyar, halitta a cikin farkon postwar shekaru, sun fi mayar da fragmented da short-rayu.

A lokacin da na fara batu na Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization

NATO (North Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization ko Atlantic Alliance) da aka kafa a shekarar 1949. Babban ayyuka na soja-siyasa jam'iyya da aka ayyana da adana zaman lafiya, da su taimaka da abin ya shafa na kasashe da ci gaban hadin gwiwa. Ulterior da muradi na NATO - da adawa na Soviet tasiri a Turai.

A farko na mambobin kungiyar ta NATO ne jihohi 12. Don kwanan wata, kungiyar tsaro ta NATO haɗa kan bangaskiya} asashe 28. Soja kungiyoyi suna da jawabin 70% na duniya kasafin kudin.

Global NATO shirin: tezisno game da manufar da soja alliance

Babban manufar shar'anta a cikin daftarin aiki da aka ambata cikin Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization, shi ne adana da kuma tabbatar da zaman lafiya da kuma tsaro a Turai da sauran kasashe - mambobi na kungiyar tarayyar (Amurka da kuma Kanada). Da farko naúrar aka kafa don ya shawo rinjayar da Tarayyar Soviet, a 2015, NATO ta zo da wani modified ra'ayi - babban barazana ne yanzu dauke da wani yiwu Rasha hari.

A karewa (farkon na XXI karni) azurta gabatarwar rikicin management, da EU kara girma. Global NATO shirin "Active Ƙasashen, Modern Tsaro" sa'an nan ya zama babban makami na kungiyar a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama. A halin yanzu, jami'an tsaro ne kiyaye yafi saboda da jeri na soja wurare a cikin ƙasa na Member Amirka da kuma gaban NATO soja contingent.

Babban matakai na fa] a] a soja alliance

The fadada NATO a takaice rike a dama, saukarwa. A farko uku tãguwar ruwa sun faru ko da a gaban Tarayyar Soviet rushewarta a shekara ta 1952, 1955 da kuma 1982. Bugu da ari fadada NATO aka halin da fairly m ayyuka da Rasha da kuma gabatarwa, a Gabashin Turai. The most fadada faru a 2004, a lokacin da 'yan takarar ya shiga NATO takwas jihohi. Duk wadannan kasashe na gabashin Turai, da Balkans, har ma da Caucasus.

A dalilai domin fadada NATO ne bayyananne. Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization kara da tasiri da kuma karfafa gaban a Gabashin Turai, da nufin suppressing da kirkirarrun Rasha ta'adi.

A farko kalaman na kara girma: Girka da kuma Turkey

A farko NATO fadada ya hada da a cikin ta Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization Girka da Turkiyya. Yawan Members na soja naúrar karo na farko ya karu a watan Fabrairu 1952. Daga baya, yayin da Girka (1974-1980 shekaru) bai shiga a NATO saboda rauni dangantakar da Turkey.

West Germany, Spain da kasa memba na kungiyar tarayyar

Biyu da na uku fadada NATO aka alama ta Accession na Jamus (tun farkon Oktoba 1990 - sõyayya a Jamus), daidai da shekaru goma bayan da almara Nasara Parade da kuma Spain (a 1982). Daga baya Spain daga NATO soja jikinsu, amma zai kasance wani memba na kungiyar.

A 1954, da Alliance miƙa wa shiga Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar da Tarayyar Soviet, amma da Tarayyar Soviet ƙi yarda a sa ran.

A Accession na Visegrad kasashen

A farko da gaske m duka ya fadada NATO zuwa Gabas a 1999. Sa'an nan ya shiga alliance na uku daga cikin hudu Visegrad kasashe, sõyayya a shekarar 1991, kasashe da dama a Gabashin Turai. Domin Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar shiga Poland, Hungary da kuma Jamhuriyar Czech.

Mai manyan sikelin-fadada: hanyar zuwa Gabas

Biyar, NATO kara girma kunshe a cikin alliance na bakwai Eastern da kuma Northern kasashen Turai: Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria da kuma Slovenia. A kadan daga baya, da sakataren tsaron Amurka ya bayyana cewa, Rasha ne "a kan dokin NATO." Wannan sake tsokane da tabbatarwa daga cikin ƙawance ta gaban a Gabashin Turai da amsa zuwa canje-canje a cikin kungiyar na North American kwangila ra'ayi a cikin tsaro a kan zai yiwu Rasha ta'adi.

The shida mataki na fadada: bayyananne barazana

Karshe mataki a lokacin NATO kara girma da ya faru a shekara ta 2009. Sa'an nan NATO Albania da kuma Croatia, located a kan Balkan Larabawa.

Sharudda ga membobinsu a cikin NATO jerin alkawura

NATO membobinsu ba zai iya zama kowane jihar fata ya zama memba na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO. Kungiyar buga wani yawan bukatun don m mahalarta. Daga cikin irin wannan sharudda ga yan kungiya da muhimman hakkokin bukatun soma a shekara ta 1949:

• wuri na yuwuwar mambobin kungiyar ta NATO a Turai.

• da amsa dukkan mambobi na alliance shiga jihar.

последним пунктом уже имелись прецеденты. A karshe aya riga ya gabaceku. Girka, misali, tsarè Macedonia ta Accession zuwa Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization a kan filaye cewa akwai har yanzu ba a warware rikicin bisa sunan Macedonia.

A 1999, da jerin wajibai na mambobin kungiyar ta NATO da aka kara a 'yan ƙarin abubuwa. Yanzu, wani m memba na alliance dole:

• ya zaunar da kasa da kasa da rigingimu da lumana.

• yanke shawara kabilanci, babbar hanyar, yankin da kuma rikicin siyasar da daidai da OSCE ka'idojin.

• girmama hakkin dan adam da kuma bin doka da oda.

• shirya iko a kan sojojin na wani jihar.

• idan ya cancanta, don samar da free bayani a kan tattalin arziki jihar na kasar.

• su shiga a NATO manufa.

Mene ne ban sha'awa: wasu ba daidai ba jerin wajibai, kamar yadda aka bayar ciki har da wadanda ba yarda da wasu daga cikin abubuwa. Kyalewa a yuwuwar memba na Alliance na mutum abubuwa shafi yanke shawara a kan tallafi na NATO, amma ba m.

Partnership Shirin Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization

A soja alliance ya ci gaba da dama da aiki tare da shirye-shirye da cewa sauƙaƙe shigarwa cikin NATO da kuma sauran kasashe samar da mai fadi da labarin kasa da tasiri. Babban shirye-shirye kamar haka:

1. "Partnership for Peace". A ranar, da shirin halartar 22 States, akwai goma sha uku na da mambobi: 12 daga cikinsu akwai riga cikakken mambobi ne na alliance, Rasha, da sauran tsohon memba na} awance shirin, ya fito daga cikin PfP a 2008. The kawai memba na EU, wanda ba ya shiga a cikin PfP ne Cyprus. Accession jihohin cikin NATO hana Turkey, Magana game da warware matsalar rikici tsakanin Turkiyya da kuma Greek sassa na Cyprus.

2. Mutane daya-daya cinikayya shirin. Mahalarta taron a wannan lokacin ne guda takwas jihohi.

3. "Fast tattaunawa". Yana kawo tare Montenegro, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Ukraine, Georgia.

4. Membobinsu Action Plan. An tsara don jihohi uku, biyu daga waɗanda suke a baya "Fast tattaunawa" shirin mahalarta: Montenegro, Bosnia da Herzegovina. A shirin a 1999 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙasar Makidoniya.

The bakwai kalaman na fadada: wanda ke kusa da shiga NATO?

Partnership shirin shawara da kasashen za su zama na gaba memba na alliance. Duk da haka, wanda zai iya shakka gaya game da lokaci na shigarwa a cikin sahu na 'yan Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization. Alal misali, Macedonia ne, na hanzarta tattaunawa tare da NATO tun 1999. Ganin cewa tun da sanya hannu kan PfP shirin don kaitsaye shigarwa a cikin sahu na Amurka mambobi ne na Alliance for Romania, Slovakia da kuma Slovenia da aka shekaru goma da haihuwa, Hungary, Poland da Jamhuriyar Czech - total biyar, Albania - 15.

Partnership for Peace: NATO da kuma Rasha

NATO kara girma ya gudummawar dagantaka a mataki kara alliance. Rasha Federation halarci shirin "Partnership for Peace", amma m rikice-rikice game NATO fadada zuwa Gabas, har ma idan Rasha ne da shi, yana da wani zabi. The Russian Federation da aka tilasta karbi ta sa hannu a cikin shirin da kuma ci gaba da raya kasa na mayar da martani.

Tun shekarar 1996, Rasha ta kasa da bukatun sun zama mafi musamman da kuma share-yanke, amma kuma matsalar na NATO fadada zuwa Gabas ta zama mafi m. Duk da haka, daga Moscow ya fara ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa, babban lamuni na tsaro a Turai dole ne ba zama soja kungiyar, da kuma OSCE - Organization for Security da kuma hadin kai tsakaninsu a Turai. Wani sabon mataki na dangantaka tsakanin Moscow da kuma NATO aka legally kulla a shekara ta 2002, a lokacin da Roma da aka sanya hannu jawabi "NATO-Rasha Relations: A New Quality".

Duk da gajeren lokaci na sassauta tashin hankali, Moscow ta adawa da soja alliance kawai aggravated. A rashin zaman lafiya da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da NATO ta ci gaba da nuna lokacin da sojoji aiki a Libya (2011) da kuma Syria.

rikici al'amurran da suka shafi

NATO ta nufi wajen gabas fadada (short: aiwatar ci gaba tare da 1999, lokacin da alliance shiga ta Poland, da Czech Republic, Hungary, da kuma har yanzu) - wannan shi ne wani tsanani dalilin da ci na yiwuwa ga Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization. Gaskiyar cewa batun karfafa da kasancewar kusa Rasha kan iyakoki da aka ninkawa da tambaya da wanzuwar yarjejeniyar a kan wadanda ba fadada NATO zuwa Gabas.

A lokacin tattaunawar tsakanin USSR da Amurka shi aka yi zargin amince ba fadada NATO zuwa Gabas. Ra'ayin game da wannan batu diverge. Soviet Shugaba Mikhail Gorbachev ya yi magana game da samun tabbacin wadanda ba fadada NATO zuwa iyakar zamani Rasha da baki, wakilan da ƙawance jayayya da cewa babu wa'adin da aka ba su ba.

A fannoni da dama, fitowan da bambance-bambance a tambaya wa'adi ne bã fadada ciyar misinterpretation magana FRG ministan harkokin wajen kasar a shekarar 1990. Ya yi kira ga alliance da cewa samun ci gaba kan iyakoki na Tarayyar Soviet ba zai zama. Amma ko wannan tabbaci samar da alkawarai? Wannan muhawara ba a warware har yanzu. Amma tabbaci na alkawarin da ba fadada NATO zuwa Gabas iya zama trump katin a cikin hannãyenku daga Rasha a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama.