Nau'in rabe. Daɗin ci, na gani, nociceptors

Mene ne haltta? Yana da wani kimiyya, wadda ke nazarin da halaye na jikin mutum. Nau'in rabe da kuma samuwar kasashe ma yana nufin abin da ya shafi tarbiyya. Yaya na farko a hade da na biyu? Yana da matukar sauki. A jiki aka kaiwa da komowar da wani babban iri-iri samuwar kasashe, mu rabe karɓa musu selectively, shi duka dogara a kan su location da kuma tsarin. Jijiya samuwar kuma ake kira azanci shine tsarin, baza na ji tsoron da tsakiya m tsarin.

Akwai daban-daban na rabe, amma ya fara zuwa rarrabe hankula:

• Eyes.
• Kunnuwa.
• Sense gabobin nauyi.
• Harshe.
• Hanci.
• Fata.

Me ya sa muke bukatar rabe

All ne bukatar irin wannan bayanin, ba ta da muhalli. Da farko wajibi ne domin samar da kansu tare da abinci da kuma musamman ma akasin jima'i su kare kansu daga hatsari, kuma don fuskantarwa a sarari. Duk wannan na samar da wadannan jijiya Tsarin. Nau'in rabe - shi ne haƙĩƙa wani muhimmin batu, amma ba kafin siginar bincika irin aiki a kan su.

irritants

Suna classified ta da wadannan siffofin:

• Modality.
• Adequacy.

Game da batun farko, da waje samuwar kasashe rarrabe tsakanin thermal, lantarki, inji, osmotic, sunadarai, haske, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Suna daukar kwayar cutar kai tsaye via da kuzari na daban-daban, misali, thermal, ba mamaki, yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar da yawan zafin jiki da sauransu.

Bayan duk wannan, suka kasu kashi isasshen kuma rashin samuwar kasashe, shi wajibi ne don magana kadan ya fi.

adequacy

Mahimmanci wuce yarda da wayo ra'ayin Fridriha Engelsa, wanda ya yi ĩmãni da cewa hankula - wannan shi ne babban makami na kwakwalwa. Ya ne haƙĩƙa dama, saboda duk abin da muka gani, ji kuma ji - shi ne mai abin yabo na ji gabobin da kuma rabe, da kuma kara kuzari na baya - wannan shi ne na farko da wani ɓangare na waje duniya Masani. Alal misali, aikin dandano buds , mun ji, lokacin da muka ji abinci dandani (m, m, m ko mai dadi), ido hangula na rabe kai mana nufi da haske, ko rasa daga gare ta.

A kara kuzari ga abin da tsoka mai amsa sigina da aka saba, aka kira isasshen. A da kyau misali bauta harshen rabe. Lokacin da sanya shi a cikin bakin wani abu da muka ji da dandano, kamar m, gishiri, zaki, ko m. idanu da akan tantanin ido na kama haske tãguwar ruwa, don haka za mu fahimci cewa haske ne a kan.

kasawarsa

tsoka mai amsa sigina Properties ne quite bambancin, amma, magana game da kasawarsa na samuwar kasashe za a iya gano kamar haka: a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da makamashi ga abin da tsoka mai amsa sigina da aka ba dace, da ake kira marar ƙarfi kashi majiyai, kamar a lokacin da isasshen ruri. Misalai ne lantarki buga, ko sunadarai hangula.

Idan akan tantanin ido ya samu inji ruri, ba za a ji na haske, wani sabon abu da ake kira "phosphenes". Ko samun wani lantarki buga a cikin kunne za mu iya ji da amo, amma wani inji gazawar iya haifar da dandano.

Nau'in rabe: Physiology

Tare da batun samuwar kasashe da muka fahimta, mu yanzu sun zauna daidai da muhimmanci batun. Don gane da ginshikai na mataki na tsoka mai amsa sigina rarrabuwa yana da muhimmanci. Don fara kwakkwance wani al'amari na manufa da tsarin da mutum azanci shine tsarin, zaɓi asali ayyuka, bari mu magana game da karbuwa. Da farko, da irin tsoka mai amsa sigina rarrabuwa kunshi wadannan:

• Pain rabe.
• Spotting.
• Rabe cewa sanin da matsayi na jiki da kuma ta sassa a cikin sarari.
• Ji.
• Tactile.
• Olfactory.
• Ku ɗanɗani.

Wannan ba shine kawai rarrabuwa na rabe, ban da wadannan iri da rabuwa da kuma saki wasu halaye. Alal misali, sarrafawa (ciki da waje), da yanayi na lamba (lamba kuma m), makarantun firamare da sakandare.

External rabe ne alhakin ji da gani, wari, touch da kuma iyawa. A ciki lura da musculoskeletal tsarin da jihar ciki gabobin.

Na biyu sakin layi, mun gano da wadannan iri rabe: m, wato, waɗanda cewa gane da sigina a nesa (da hangen nesa ko ji), da lambobin sadarwa da cewa bukatar kai tsaye lamba, kamar iyawa.

Game da rabuwa na firamare da kuma sakandare, na farko da kungiyar hada da wadanda wanda maida da ruri bugun jini a farkon neuron (misali: gabar wari), da kuma na biyu - a cell ciwon tsoka mai amsa sigina (Misali: dandano ko gani).

tsarin

Idan muka yi la'akari da tsarin da dan Adam rabe, yana yiwuwa ya ware manyan ka'idojin da kamar:

1. A jam'i na cell yadudduka, watau: m tsoka mai amsa sigina nasaba da kwayar halitta ta farko Layer da na karshe Layer ne shugaba ga cerebral bawo, kuma mafi daidai to ta motor neuron yankunan. Wannan yanayin ba wani sosai high gudun aiki na shigowa sakonni sarrafa a farko Layer tsarin.
2. Domin daidaito da kuma AMINCI na watsa jijiya sakonni bayar multipathing. Kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin makon sakin layi, da haska tsarin yana da wani jam'i na yadudduka, kuma suka bi da bi da daga 'yan dubbai zuwa dama miliyoyin Kwayoyin cewa aika da bayanai zuwa gaba Layer. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan alama samar da aminci da cikakken bincike na sigina.
3. Da samuwar craters. Alal misali, ka yi la'akari da rabe na akan tantanin ido. A akan tantanin ido kanta, akwai ɗari da talatin da miliyoyin rabe, amma a wani Layer na miliyan dubu ɗari uku ganglion Kwayoyin, wanda shi ne sau ɗari karami. Za mu iya cewa akwai aka takaita mazurari. Mene ne ma'anar? All dole ba bayani ne shafe, amma a wadannan matakai ne kafa widening mazurari, wanda ya samar da inganta siginar analysis.
4. Bambantawa tsaye da kuma horizontally. A farko inganta samuwar sassan, kunsha da yadudduka da kuma yi wani daya aiki. Na biyu da ake bukata domin Kwayoyin to raba cikin azuzuwan a cikin wannan Layer. Alal misali, sama da hangen nesa, yana aiki kawai biyu tashoshi, wanda gudanar da wani aiki a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban.

tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki

Analyzer kira wani rabo daga cikin juyayi tsarin da ta ƙunshi dama abubuwa: da gabansa, jijiya hanyoyi da kuma sassa na kwakwalwa.

duk uku aka gyara su ne:

1. Rabe.
2. Guides.
3. na kwakwalwa.

Su yi aiki a matsayin mutum, cewa shi ne, na farko Sanin sakonni, na biyu ka isar da su zuwa ga kwakwalwa, da kuma na uku na nazarin bayani. Yana yana gudu dukan tsarin a Daidaita tabbatar da farko da aminci da mutum da kuma sauran halittu masu rai.

tebur

Mun bayar da mu haskaka da babban fasali na duka haska tsarin, domin wannan mun ba da wani tebur.

Properties rabe

An bincika kara. Yanzu kana bukatar ka gano babban kaddarorin da tsoka mai amsa sigina. A farko za mu kira selectivity. The abu ne cewa yawancin 'yan adam tsoka mai amsa sigina ne directed yarda daya kawai irin sigina, kamar haske ko sauti, su ne sosai saukin kamuwa zuwa wadannan iri sakonni, ji na ƙwarai ne musamman high. A tsoka mai amsa sigina ne m kawai a cikin taron cewa detects da m alama ga cewa ya gabatar da manufar "zumudi bakin kofa."

Na biyu dukiya ne kai tsaye da nasaba da farko, kuma shi sauti a matsayin low dokin darajar da dace samuwar kasashe. Alal misali, sama da hangen nesa da cewa na kama wani m sigina, wanda wajibi ne don zafi a milliliter na ruwa da daya mataki Celsius kamar yadda shekara dubu sittin. Saboda haka, da dauki yiwu kuma rashin samuwar kasashe kamar wutar lantarki da kuma inji, kawai don irin wannan nau'in, bi da bi, da kuma bakin kofa ne yafi hakan. Baya daga cikin gabatar ba, akwai iri biyu na bakin ƙofa:

• cikakkar,
• bambanci.

Da farko sanin magangara mafi ƙasƙanci darajar, ya gane da jiki, yayin da karshen yale mu mu bambanta da mataki na haske, inuwõyinta suna kusa, launi daban-daban, da sauransu, cewa shi ne, bambanci tsakanin biyu samuwar kasashe.

Wani muhimmanci sosai alama na duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya - wani karbuwa. Kuma mu azanci shine tsarin daidaita da wa external yanayi.

karbuwa

Wannan tsari ya shafi ba kawai rabe na azanci shine tsarin, amma duk da yadudduka. Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Quite kawai, da zumudi bakin kofa, wanda muka ambata a baya, wannan ba akai. Tare da karbuwa da suka canja, zama kasa kula da akai irritant. Kuna da wani gida agogon? Ba ka kula da su har abada ticking, saboda rabe (a cikin wannan harka ji) zama kasa kula da wani da aka kara kuzari. Kuma da sauran lokaci-cinyewa kuma monotonous samuwar kasashe mun ci gaba da wata barã'aa.

Karbuwa matakai kẽwayẽwa ba kawai buds amma kuma duk sassan azanci shine tsarin. Karbuwa na gefe abubuwa aka bayyana a gaskiyar cewa rabe zumudi ƙofofi ba m. By kara shirayi na zumudi, t. E. Rage tsoka mai amsa sigina na ƙwarai, akwai wani karbuwa ga wani dogon monotonous samuwar kasashe. Alal misali, da mutum bai jin da akai matsa lamba a kan fata na tufafinsa, bai lura da m ticking na kowane lokaci.

Rabe da tonic lokaci

Lura cewa duk rabe kasu kashi:

• hanzari adapting,
• sannu a hankali adapting.

Kuma na farko, wanda kuma ake kira zamani ba mayar da martani ga samuwar kasashe kawai a farko da kuma a karshen ta tushe, amma na biyu (tonic) aika m sakonni ga tsakiya m tsarin a wata fairly dogon lokaci.

Har yanzu bukatar su sani cewa karbuwa za a iya tare da duka biyu da karuwa da kuma raguwa a cikin excitability na tsoka mai amsa sigina. Alal misali, tunanin cewa ka tafi, daga haske a cikin duhu dakin, a cikin wannan, akwai wata karuwa a excitability, da farko ku duba hasken abubuwa, kuma amma sai duhu. A baya hali, idan da miƙa mulki ga wani haske, mun san da magana "da haske ciwo idanunku" duhu dakin, mun schurimsya saboda gaskiyar cewa mu rabe an sāke gina, da kuma shi rage-rage excitability na mu photoreceptors ke faruwa da ake kira duhu karbuwa.

tsari

Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa mutum juyayi tsarin da yake iya tsari, shi duka dogara a kan bukatun a iyakancen lokaci. Idan tsaya mutumin abruptly fara jiki aiki, ji na ƙwarai rabe (musculoskeletal tsarin) qara da cika fuska. Me ya sa yake dole? Domin sauƙaƙe ji na bayanai da suka shafi jihar da musculoskeletal tsarin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ban da karbuwa tsari zai iya shafar rabe da kuma sauran abokai. Alal misali, sama da kunne idan an karbuwa ne sai canje-canje da kuma motsi na irin wannan sassa kamar:

• guduma,
• maƙera,
• stapes.

Wato, da auditory ossicles na tsakiyar kunne.

binciken

Rungumar ta gabatar ba, za mu sake zabi core ayyuka na mu haska tsarin: siginar ganewa, nuna bambanci, tana mayar daya nau'i na makamashi a cikin wani (jijiya turu), da watsa siginar tuba a cikin sauran yadudduka na haska tsarin, amincewa da hotuna. Key siffofin suna kamar yadda wadannan abubuwa: selectivity, low dokin mayar da martani ga dace samuwar kasashe, da ikon daidaita zuwa ga yanayi. Mun kuma dauke da irin wannan muhimmanci abubuwa kamar tsarin da kuma rarrabuwa na azanci shine tsarin, da rarrabuwa na daban-daban halayen samuwar kasashe, karbuwa.