Neck tiyata: vertebrae, tsokoki, da jini

mutum wuyansa - sashi na jiki, a haɗa kai da kuma jiki. Its babba iyakar ta fara a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi yankin. The jiki wuyansa wuce ta lakar daraja na sternum kuma rike kara ta hanyar saman surface na clavicle. Duk da mun gwada da kananan size, akwai da dama da muhimmanci Tsarin da gabobin, wanda aka raba da connective nama.

siffar

Idan da tankwara wuyansa a cikin general nau'i ne guda domin kowane mutum, da siffar su iya bambanta. Kamar wani sashin jiki ko sashi na jiki, shi yana da hali. Wannan shi ne saboda da peculiarities na jiki kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, shekara, jinsi, hereditary halaye. A cylindrical siffar - misali nau'i na wuyansa. A cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma matasa, shekaru da fata a cikin wannan yanki elasticity, skintight guringuntsi da sauran tsinkaya.

Lokacin da karkatar da kai zuwa ga midline na wuyansa fayyace jiki da kuma Kakakin na hyoid kashi, thyroid guringuntsi - cricoid, tracheal. Kasa da jiki a bayyane fossa - a lakar daraja na sternum. A tsakiyar-shekaru da kuma siriri ginawa a tarnaƙi na wuyansa tsokoki za a iya sauƙi gani. Yana da sauki lura da jini dake kusa da fata.

wuyansa haltta

Wannan sashi na jiki ƙunshi cikin kansa da manyan jini da kuma jijiyoyi da cewa yin shi muhimmanci ga rayuwar mutum gabobin da kuma kasusuwa. Bunƙasa murdede tsarin sa ya yiwu a yi wani iri-iri na ƙungiyoyi na shugaban. A ciki tsarin da wuyansa kunshi irin wannan sashen kamar yadda:

• Makogwaro - shiga a baka mutum magana, wanda shi ne na farko shãmaki zuwa pathogens, ya yi aikin sadarwa aiki na narkewa kamar tsarin.
• maƙogwaro - taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jawabin na'ura, na numfashi kariya.
• trachea - shugaba iska zuwa huhu, wani muhimmin bangare ne na numfashi tsarin.
• thyroid gland shine yake - jikin endocrine tsarin cewa samar hormones ga metabolism.
• esophagus, - ɓangare na narkewa kamar sarkar Firaministan da abinci da ciki don kare da reflux a gaban shugabanci.
• laka - da mafi kashi na mutum juyayi tsarin, alhakin da motsi na jiki da kuma ayyukan da reflexes.

Bugu da kari, ta hanyar wuyansa gwada jijiyoyi, babbar jini da kuma jijiyoyinmu. Ya kunshi vertebrae da guringuntsi, connective nama da kuma mai Layer. Wannan sashi na jiki, shi ne wani muhimmin mahada "kai - wuyansa", godiya ga wanda ya haɗu da laka da kuma kwakwalwa.

na wuyansa

Rarrabe gaban da kuma mayar da wuyansa, kazalika da yawa na "alwatika", wanda aka iyakance zuwa a kaikaice gefuna da trapezius tsoka. A gaban rabo kama wani alwatika tare da wani tushe kifar. Yana yana da gazawar: Upper - ƙananan muƙamuƙi, kasa - lakar daraja, da tarnaƙi - gefuna sternocleidomastoid tsoka. A tsakiyar layin ya raba wannan bangare a cikin biyu tsakiya alwatika: dama da hagu. Akwai kuma lingual alwatika, ta hanyar abin da za a iya bude don samun damar da lingual jijiya. Yana ƙuntatãwa gaban hyoid tsoka, saman - hypoglossal jijiya, a baya da kuma a kasa da agara na digastric, wanda aka located kusa da carotid alwatika.

Scapular-tracheal yankin iyaka scapular-hyoid da sternocleidomastoid tsoka. A scapuloclavicular alwatika, wanda shi ne bangare na biyu daga kaikaice alwatika, aka located lakar Vienna, Vienna, da kuma suprascapular jijiya da kuma thoracic Lymph bututu. A trapezoidal-scapular wuyansa bangare ne m jijiya da kuma mahaifa na waje jijiya, da kuma ta hanyar da tsakiya da rabo daga gare shi kara mai gangara jijiya.

Filin tsani tsoka ne interscalene da predlestnichnoe sarari a cikin abin da kara jijiya subclavian da suprascapular, Vienna subclavian da phrenic jijiya.

Rear Front iyaka trapezoid tsokoki. Ga shi ne ciki carotid jijiya da kuma lakar Vienna, kazalika da vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, m jijiya.

wuyansa ƙasũsuwa

A kashin baya shafi kunshi 33-34 vertebrae da kuma wucewa ta cikin jiki da kuma mutum bauta masa goyon baya. Located shiga cikin laka, wadda ta ha periphery zuwa kwakwalwa da kuma bayar da mafi girman reflex aiki. A farko kashin baya located kawai a cikin wuyansa, ta hanyar da ta na da babban motsi.

Mahaifa kashin baya ne 7 vertebrae, wasu daga wanda aka kiyaye vestiges na wanda ake Fused tare da mai gangara tafiyar matakai. Su gaban part, wanda yake shi ne kan iyaka da ramuka, - alãma hakarkarinsa. mahaifa vertebral jiki laterally elongated, kasa da takwarorinsu da kuma yana da wani sirdi siffar. Wannan na samar mahaifa kashin baya mafi girma motsi kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da sauran sassa na kashin baya shafi.

Ramukan vertebrae tare samar da wata tashar abin da hidima ga kariya na da vertebral jijiya da kuma jannayẽnsa. Place na nassi daga cikin laka samar da baka na mahaifa vertebrae, shi ne isasshe m, kuma yayi kama da triangular siffar. Spinous matakai na kofato, don haka a nan a haɗe da yawa tsoka zaruruwa.

Vertebra "atalas"

Biyu na farko na mahaifa vertebrae a kan wani tsarin daban-daban daga cikin sauran biyar. Shi ne su gaban damar da mutum ya yi da dama ƙungiyoyi na shugaban: karkatar, swivel, juyawa. Origin vertebrae - zobe na kashi nama. Ya ƙunshi wani gaban baka a kan convex ɓangare na abin da aka located agara lobe. A ciki gefen bambanta glenoid fossa na biyu mahaifa vertebra odontoid tsari.

Atlas vertebra a baya na baka yana da kadan protruding part - raya hump. M articular tsari a kan baka maye gurbinsu da glenoid fossa m. Suna guda biyu zuwa ga condyles na occipital kashi. Kamar yadda ƙananan articular matakai ne cikin rami, wanda ake da alaka da na gaba vertebra.

axis

Na biyu mahaifa vertebra - axis ko epistrophe - Bunƙasa bambanta odontoid located in na sama na daga cikin jiki. A kowane gefen appendages ne hadin gwiwa saman dan kadan convex siffar.

Wadannan biyu musamman ga vertebral tsarin su ne tushen wuyansa motsi. Axis haka taka rawar da juyawa axis da atalas ne kõma tare da kwanyar.

Tsokoki na mahaifa kashin baya

Duk da fairly kananan size, arziki a cikin mutum wuyansa tsokoki na jinsuna daban. Ga sun mayar da hankali ga haske, matsakaici, zurfin kaikaice tsokoki da kuma da tsakiya kungiyar. Su babban manufar a wannan yanki - rike da kai, samar da magana, kuma hadiya.

Tsokoki da damar a ci gaba kansa, to Flick, to ya mayar da ita, ta hadiye, kuma numfashi. Yana hana su ci gaba osteochondrosis na mahaifa kashin baya da kuma inganta jini ya kwarara zuwa cikin kwakwalwa.

wuyansa fascia

Saboda ga bambancin da gawarwakin wucewa ta wannan wuri, da tankwara wuyansa nuna gaban connective membrane cewa ya takaita da kuma kare gabobin, jini, jijiyoyi da ƙasũsuwa. Yana da wani kashi na "m" kwarangwal yin trophic da kuma goyon bayan ayyuka. Fascia fis da yawa jijiyoyinmu daga cikin wuyansa, ba tare da game da shi, ba su intertwine tare da juna, da cewa zai yi barazana a mutum a take hakkin da venous outflow.

Kila ne haka rikitarwa cewa haltta yana variously aka bayyana ta da marubuta. La'akari da daya daga cikin yarda da sukayi fassara, a kan abin da a haɗa fascia harsashi kasu kashi:

1. Surface - sako-sako da, kudin tsarin bounding platysma. Shi da ke daga cikin wuyansa da fuska da kirji.
2. Own - ne a haɗe zuwa kasa gaban da sternum, kuma clavicle, kuma a saman da na boko kashi da kashin dadashinsu, sa'an nan motsa zuwa ga fuska yankin. A baya gefen wuyansa ne alaka da spinous matakai na vertebrae.
3. Aponeurosis scapuloclavicular - shi ya dubi kamar trapezoid, kuma an zubar tsakanin bangarorin na omohyoid tsoka da hyoid kashi, da kuma raba sarari tsakanin kasa surface ciki na sternum, da kuma biyu clavicles. Ya maida hankali ne akan gaban da maƙogwaro, thyroid gland shine yake da trachea. Bisa ga midline na wuyansa scapuloclavicular aponeurosis shigar tare da kansa fascia, forming wani farin line.
4. Vnutrisheynuyu - ƙunsa duka kayan ciki na wuyansa, a lokaci guda kunshi sassa biyu: da visceral da parietal. A farko rufe kowane jiki akayi daban-daban, da kuma karshen tare.
5. Peredpozvonochnuyu - samar da rufe dogon tsokoki na kai da wuya da kuma shigar da aponeurosis.

Fascia rabo da kuma kare duk yankunan da wuyansa, haka ne hana da "rikice" na tasoshin, jijiyoyi da tsoka.

jini

wuyansa tasoshin samar da outflow na venous jini daga kai da wuya. Suna gabatar da waje da kuma ciki lakar jannayẽnsa. Jini gudana a cikin matsanancin ganga wuyansa a cikin yankin na kunne, da fata a kan scapula da kuma gaban wuyansa. A kadan a baya karankarma ya haɗu da da subclavian da ciki lakar jannayẽnsa. A karshen ƙarshe tasowa na farko a gindi daga cikin wuyansa, kuma aka kasu kashi biyu brachiocephalic jijiyoyinmu dama da hagu.

wuyansa tasoshi, da kuma musamman ciki lakar Vienna, taka muhimmiyar rawa a hematopoiesis tafiyar matakai. Yana fãra a cikin tushe da kwanyar da ake amfani da su lambatu jinin dukan tasoshi da tukwane na kwakwalwa. Its aikin gandu a cikin wuyansa ne ma: m thyroid, lingual fuska, waje na boko, occipital Vienna. Ta hanyar wuyansa kara carotid jijiya, wanda rassan a wannan shafin ya aikata ba.

wuyansa jijiya plexus

Jijiyoyi dokoki diaphragmatic wuyansa, fata, da kuma tsoka Tsarin wanda aka located a farko hudu mahaifa vertebrae. Sai suka samar da wani plexus, wanda yake fãra a cikin mahaifa kashin baya jijiyoyi. Muscle kungiyar na jijiyoyi innervate tsokoki suna located kusa. Cikin wuyansa, kuma kafadu ta hanyar bugun jini kora. Phrenic jijiya rinjayar da motsi na diaphragm, pericardium da pleura zaruruwa. Cutaneous rassan ba Yunƙurin ushnomu, occipital, kuma a kaikaice supraclavicular jijiyoyi.

Lymph nodes

wuyansa haltta hada da wani ɓangare na lymphatic tsarin na jiki. A wannan yankin, an yi shi da zurfi da kuma na waje nodes. Gaban su suna located kusa da jijiyar wuya a kan na waje fascia. Deep Lymph nodes gaban wuyansa ne kusa da gawarwakin da shiga cikin Lymph outflow, kuma tare da su da wannan sunan (thyroid, predgortannye kuma m. P.). Kaikaice kungiyar na nodes dokoki retropharyngeal, lakar da supraclavicular, kusa da wanda aka located da ciki lakar Vienna. A zurfin wuyansa Lymph nodes yi Lymph outflow bakinka, pharynx da kuma tsakiyar kunne da kuma hanci kogo. A halin yanzu, da ruwa da farko ya wuce ta occipital nodes.

wuyansa Structure - hadaddun da kuma kowane millimeter tunani yanayi. Kafa na plexus jijiyoyi da jini na kwakwalwa ya haɗu da aikin da periphery. A daya karamin sashi na jikin mutum suna located nan da nan duk yiwu abubuwa na tsarin da kuma gabobin: jijiyoyi, tsokoki, da jini, Lymph ducts da nodes, gland, laka, mafi "mobile" kashin baya.