Phylogeny - wani hadadden tsari

Akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin phylogeny. Za mu yi kokarin fahimtar da ba ainihin bayani ga wannan sabon abu.

wanda ba a sani ra'ayi

Sau nawa kuke ji game da phylogeny? Na tabbata da yawa za su ɗauka cewa phylogeny - shi ne ilmin halitta, ko, ya zama mafi daidai - da definition amfani da ilmin halitta. Amma, mafi m, ba kowane ilimi mutum ya san daidai abin da za a tattauna. A sauri binciken da dozin mutane ya nuna cewa:

- phylogeny - shi ne "wani abu kama da photosynthesis" (as shawarar hudu daga cikin goma).

- phylogeny - da maye gurbi na rayuwa Kwayoyin (biyu daga goma).

- phylogeny - definition amfani da jinsi da kuma nuna da aiwatar da "halittar sabon mutane" (daya daga cikin goma).

- uku sauran mutane a lokacin da tambaya, abin da yake cikin phylogeny, tare da girgiza shrug.

Duk da haka, duk da bayyana rashin sani a kan wannan batu, babu wani daga cikin weights bai zama sha'aninsu dabam. Kowace daga cikinsu suna so su san: abin da ke cikin phylogeny?

Phylogeny (ilmin halitta)

Phylogeny - juyin ci gaban da wani nazarin halittu tsarin. Kalmar da aka gabatar a cikin kimiyya wurare dabam dabam Jamus halitta masanin kimiyya da falsafa Ernstom Genrihom Haeckal a 1866. Wannan definition suturta canje-canje faruwa a lokacin juyin halitta na daban-daban irin takin rayuwa. Dalili na fitowan a fagen ilmin halitta da tafiyad da nazarin phylogeny, shi ne "ka'idar juyin halitta" na Birtaniya halittu da kuma matafiyi Charles Robert Darwin.

Da zarar mas'ala ta phylogeny, kimiyya fito da sauransu da suke da daban-daban daga asali definition. Saboda haka, Shmalgauzen Ivan Ivanovich, Soviet masanin hallitu ne, gane da phylogeny tarihi jerin wasan ontogeneses juna a matsayin "iyaye-yaro".

Phylogeny - wani tsari sosai tsawon, shi yana ga dama, miliyoyin shekaru. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ba zai iya zama abu na kai tsaye kallo da kuma nazarin da recreating da simulating riga abubuwan da suka faru da kuma mamaki. A lokacin da wannan ci gaba da aka fahimta kamar yadda aiwatar da wanda kwayoyin line (kakanninsa) haifar reshe (zuriyarsa) tare da na halitta canje-canje da suka faru a cikin shakka daga wannan tsari, ko a duk ya kai ga bacewar jinsunan.

A rabo daga phylogeny da kuma yanayin halitta na juya

Ontogenesis - wani ra'ayi cewa ya shiga kimiyya amfani kafin zuwan rukunan da phylogeny da kuma wanda ya nuna samuwar mai zaman kansa tarin jiki da kuma jure da su a cikin tafarkin rayuwa da m canje. Bayan bude a tsakiyar XIX karni Fridrihom Myullerom da Ernest Haeckal biogenetic dokar phylogeny an yi karatu a dangantaka da yanayin halitta na juya.

A karkashin wannan dokar, wani ontogenesis, a gaskiya, shi ne taƙaitaccen da kuma m maimaitawa na phylogeny wannan nau'in. A daidai wannan lokaci da yanayin halitta na juya da phylogeny za a iya daukarsa a matsayin "masu zaman kansu da kuma general." A dangane tsakanin biyu Concepts, ya kuma tabbatar da Charles Darwin a cikin rukunan recapitulation, wa'azi maimaitawa tãyuna a cikin aiwatar da ontogenesis ãyõyi na kakanninsu a kan phylogeny. Charles Darwin ware fitar biyu main iri recapitulations: atavism da rudiment.

Amfani phylogeny daban-daban sciences

Phylogeny - koyaswa wanda ke da muhimmanci sosai ga mai yawan sciences, ciki har da embryology, binciken burbushin halittu, kamanta Anatomy, kuma ko da tunani. A lokaci guda, phylogenetics, wanda ke karanta tarihin ci gaban da daban-daban na kwayoyin don nazarin juyin halitta daga cikin mafi tasiri a wannan mataki yana nufin da nasarorin da sciences kamar Biochemistry, Physiology, jinsi, ethology, ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu, da sauransu.

Phylogeny a Psychology

A tunani, phylogeny nuna tarihi cin gaban wani abu a cikin tsarin juyin halitta. Phylogeny a Psychology - a gani na ci gaba ta hanyar da kwakwalwar mutane. Animal halayyar Ilhamin zama a duniya, dangane da numfashinsa. Higher dabbobi, da sauransu, suna kuma muhimmi da kuma bayyana tunaninsa. Bi da bi, mutane a Baya ga sama halaye, kuma yana da sani da kuma tunani. Shi ne ta hanyar da phylogeny tunani ne iya gudanar da irin wannan nazarin, gano dalilin da abubuwan da suka dimbin yawa da mutum psyche a cikin nau'i a wadda ta wanzu a wannan lokacin.

Ma'ana phylogeny

Phylogeny - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci links a gaban dukan abubuwa masu rai. Tun lokacin da gabatarwar a cikin kimiyya filin, ya dauki wani muhimmin wuri a cikin fahimtar juyin halitta da kuma ci gaban ba kawai 'yan adam, amma kuma dukkan rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Nazarin wannan sabon abu ne na wajibi ga ci gaban da janar ka'idar juyin halitta da kuma gina wata halitta tsarin kwayoyin. Dalili a kan abin da doctrinal matsayi na phylogeny gina, ya ta'allaka ne da ka'idar zabin yanayi. A lokacin, mu yi magana a game da wannan phylogeny na daban-daban kungiyoyin na kwayoyin karatu unevenly, wanda aka ƙaddara da daban-daban ragowar kasusuwan tarihi da kuma, a kan tushen da za a iya dogara da gina phylogenetic (asali) itace. A halin yanzu, mafi karatu ne phylogeny na mafi girma vertebrate kungiyoyin. Idan muka magana game da kwaro, wasu daga cikinsu da ya fi karatu hada mollusks, arthropod, brachiopods, da kuma wasu wasu.

Hakika, a cikin hasken da wanzuwar mai girma amfani da asalin duniya, da aka gyara da kuma, musamman, mutum ne mai kimiyya sabon abu kamar yadda phylogeny, shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga ilimi na bil'adama da kanta da kuma kewaye duniya.