Biogenetic dokar Haeckal-Müller

Biogenetic dokar Haeckal-Müller ta bayyana lura rabo a cikin yanayi - ontogenesis, watau sirri ci gaba da kowane mai rai da kwayoyin, to a wasu har, shi phylogeny - tarihi ci gaba da dukan kungiyar dabbobi to wanda shi da dangantaka. Yana tsara dokar, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, Haeckal da kuma F. Muller a cikin 60-ies na XIX karni, da kansa da juna, da kuma kafa da discoverer ka'idar yanzu kusan ba zai yiwu.

Babu shakka cewa biogenetic dokar da aka tsara nan da nan. Muller da kuma Haeckal ta aikin gabãta halittar wani msar tambayar tsarin da dokar a matsayin riga lura da mamaki da kuma sauran kafa dokoki na halitta. A 1828, K. Baer tsara abin da ake kira dokar tayi kama. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa tãyuna na mutane da na ga wannan nazarin halittu type, da yawa daga cikin wannan abubuwa na ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin. A cikin mutane, misali, a wani mataki na ci gaba da tayi na da gill slits kuma mai wutsiya. Hankula bayãnin hukuncin siffofin a cikin ilimin halittar jiki na jinsin faruwa ne kawai a cikin m hanya na yanayin halitta na juya. A dokar tayi kama gano biogenetic dokar ta hanyoyi da yawa: sau ɗaya cikin tãyuna na daban-daban kwayoyin maimaita mataki na ci gaba da sauran mutane, suka maimaita mataki na ci gaba da iri daban-daban a duk.

AN Severtsov aka daga baya sanya wasu gyare-gyare ga dokar da Haeckal-Müller. The masanin kimiyya lura da cewa a lokacin embryogenesis, watau, mataki na amfrayo ci gaba, akwai kama tsakanin gawarwakin tãyuna ne, ba manya. Saboda haka, gill slits a mutum tayi kama da gill slits kifi tãyuna, amma ba tare da kafa adult kifi gills.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shaida daga cikin Darwin ka'idar juyin halitta an dauke su kai tsaye biogenetic dokar. A wording na shi kansa alludes zuwa da kansa ma'ana dangane da Darwin ta koyarwarsa. Tayi a lokacin ta ci gaba ke ta da yawa daban-daban matakai, kowanne daga abin da yayi kama da wani mataki na ci gaba da yanayi, zana daga juyin ra'ayi. Saboda haka, duk mafi wuya shirya mutum wakiltar cikin cin dukan ontogenesis namun daji, daga cikin ra'ayi na juyin halitta.

A tunani, akwai kuma wani biogenetic doka, tsara da kansa da nazarin halittu. A gaskiya, a tunani da shi tsaye a waje ba tsara dokar, ya bayyana ta I. Herbart kuma T. Ziller ra'ayin game da kama da yaro ta tuna da cewa na 'yan adam a general. Daban-daban malamai sun yi kokarin gaskata wannan ka'idar daga wani daban-daban hangen zaman gaba. Mr. Hall, misali, koma kai tsaye zuwa Haeckal-Müller dokar. Ya ce cewa ci gaban da yaro, ciki har da a m sharuddan, aka bayyana kawai da nazarin halittu preconditions kuma Ya mayar da juyin cin kullum. Duk da haka dai, ra'ayin da aka ba shakka tabbatar da kwanan wata. A tunani, akwai har yanzu babu biogenetic dokar kamar yadda irin wannan.