Yadda za a rarrabe tsakanin methyl na ethyl barasa? barasa dabara

Barasa da barasa quite da tabbaci a rayuwarmu ta kullum. Wannan labarin, za a ba asali shiriya a kan yadda za a rarrabe tsakanin methyl na ethyl barasa. Akwai ma za a ba su halaye da kuma sinadaran dabarbari.

Tarihi na samu barasa

Formula barasa a daya nau'i ko wata, an gano kusan lokaci guda, a yankuna da dama na duniya. A 1334, Faransa alchemist Arno De Vilgger asali ne mai ruwan inabi da barasa. A 1360 da Italiyanci da kuma Faransa gidajen lama haifar da wata abu da ake kira "ruwa na rai". Genoese Kasuwanci a 1386 ya kawo barasa zuwa Moscow domin ya nuna da inganci.

definition

Yanzu za mu fahimci cewa irin wannan methyl da ethyl barasa.

Methanol (wanda kuma aka sani a matsayin methyl barasa, kuma aka sani da itace barasa, carbinol wanda aka ce masa, wanda aka ce masa metilgidrat aka hydroxide methyl) - sauki monohydric barasa, m, colorless ruwa. Tare da iska siffofin (a volumetric yawa na daga 6,98 zuwa 35.5%) fashewar cakuda (a zazzabi na 8 digiri Celsius). Kwayoyin dabara ne methyl barasa - CH _4, CH ₃ Ya ko -OH.

Ethanol (ko ethyl barasa, ko ethyl barasa, ko barasa, a cikin kowa kawai "barasa" metilkarbinol) - monohydric barasa da yawan dabara C ₂ H ₅ OH. A karkashin tuta yanayi, wani maras tabbas, colorless, flammable share ruwa. Shin wani depressant - mai psychoactive abu, depresses da tsakiya m tsarin, da kuma aiki bangaren na giya yanã shã.

kwatanta

Daga cikin matsayin arfi, kuma da sinadaran dabara ne quite sauki domin sanin yadda za a bambanta daga methyl ethyl barasa. A yi, abubuwa ne ba haka ma sauki.

Idan muka juya zuwa sunadarai, za ka iya samun mai yawa bayani a kan wadannan abubuwa: da amfani, samarwa, Properties, kasancewa a cikin yanayi, da dai sauransu. Amma bari mu koma ga m al'amura, kuma a kusa look at bambanci tsakanin methanol daga ethanol.

Methanol a bayyanar shi ne kama da ethanol: colorless, tare da wani halayyar, amma suma wari. Wannan shi ne ainihin Properties na methyl barasa. Kamar cewa, da rashin alheri, wadannan biyu abubuwa ne mai wuya a bambanta daga juna. Kawai sana'a sunadarai za su iya gani rarrabe daya jinsin daga wani. Launi, kamshi, dandano ne don haka irin wannan cewa shi ne sau da yawa rikita wadannan abubuwa. A sakamakon wannan rikice ne fraught, daga makanta da mutuwa.

bambance-bambance

A gida, za ka iya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da sauki don gane bambance-bambance. Ga uku muhimmanci bambance-bambance tsakanin Hanyar methanol daga ethanol. Wadannan hanyoyin za a saka da kuma kamanta yanayi.

1 hanya. Walai daga cikin gwajin ruwa. Daya daga cikin mafi sauki da kuma mafi m hanyoyi: ƙone mu samfurin, bi da launi da harshen wuta. Ethanol ne blue, da kuma methanol - kore. Yana da haka sauki da kuma saukin ganewa, amma ka tuna cewa jahilci, da rashin alheri, ba rashin sumansa wani mutum daga cikin sakamakon.

Mun gabatar da wani sabon ra'ayi a cikin labarin - masana'antu barasa. Kalmar "masana'antu barasa" yana nufin alcohols (methanol, denatured barasa), da kuma garwayayye daga gare ta, ba su dace da mutum amfani, haddasa tsanani da babu ja da lalacewar biyu kiwon lafiya da kuma rayuwa.

Shi ne kuma dole a yi la'akari da wadannan ma'ana: a cikin mu ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yin amfani da sauki gwaji, shi wajibi ne don gyara tafasar zazzabi, kamar yadda aka sani daga sunadarai na sassan cewa ethanol tafasa a zazzabi na 78 ° Celsius kuma methanol kai tafasar ko a 64 °.

2 Hanyar. Mun yi amfani da wani talakawa dankalin turawa. Kananan dankalin turawa wedges for 'yan sa'o'i ya kamata a jefa a cikin gwajin ruwa idan bayan wannan lokaci da dankali bai canja launi, sa'an nan kafin ka ethanol - wani abu dace da amfani. Idan da dankalin turawa yanki alama a cikin ruwan hoda, da gwajin ruwa ne methanol - karfi guba ga jikin mutum.

3 Hanyar. Formaldehyde samfurin. A nan muna bukatar da jan karfe waya, karamin sashi na wanda dole ne fari zafi haske da kuma sauke a cikin ruwa. Idan ka same shi, za ka iya jin warin da ethanol rududdugaggu apples, amma ina ne methanol, za ka ji wani kaifi m wari - wari na formaldehyde.

Lura cewa wani karamin kashi (isasshen kuma 50 ml) na methanol iya zama m. Zama vigilant, Kada ka saya barasa a dubious tallace-tallace da maki, kada hadarin rayuwa da kuma reshe, da kuma buy barasa a cikin na musamman Stores.

Alamun methanol da guba

Symptomatology na methanol guba ne sosai kama da barasa mai guba, amma janar bango na tashin zuciya, juwa ko jiri, maye, lethargy, amai, seizures, hangen nesa da asarar ya kamata a kasaftawa. Methanol samun shiga cikin jikin mutum a lokacin numfashi, ta hanyar fata da kuma narkewa kamar fili. Akwai alaka mai karfi zafi a kafafu, mai tsanani da ciwon kai. Yana mamaye juyayi tsarin da ke halaka jini, abu don makanta. Hanzari tunawa, sannu a hankali saki, accumulates (tattara). Oxidized a cikin jiki, Forms mai guba mahadi - formic acid da formaldehyde. Formaldehyde ne sosai guba, a matsayin abu na farko aji na hatsari. An hukumance gane kontseragenom. Its jari a cikin jiki take kaiwa zuwa cin gaban ciwon daji. Formic acid sa lalacewar da idanu da kuma numfashi fili. Tã guba tare da hangen nesa da asarar iya sa ingestion na kawai 10.5 ml na methyl barasa. A kashi na mutuwa ne a cikin kewayon daga 30 zuwa 100 ml, amma shi ya dogara da mutum halaye na musamman kwayoyin. Mutuwa ya auku daga numfashi kama. Ganewar asali za a iya tabbatar da gano wani wanda aka azabtar a fitsari na wani abu kamar formic acid.

taimakon farko

Sama da shi da aka bayyana yadda za a bambanta daga methyl ethyl barasa. Duk da haka, akwai yanayi a rayuwa a lokacin da kana da samar da azabtar taimakon farko. Lokacin da methanol da guba da shi da nufin a tukar tumbi dafin, jinkirta da hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari na abu. Duk da haka, da farko, kuma farkon zai sha wahala da excretory tsarin. Lokacin amfani da ciki masana'antu barasa, dole ne a rinsed ciki a lokacin da farko kamar wata hours. Yawanci wajabta wuce kima sha, liyafar alkalis (sodium hydrogencarbonate 10-15 grams). A maganin guba ne ethyl barasa wanda lowers da hadawan abu da iskar shaka aiwatar da methanol hira da samuwar guba kayayyakin. a lokuta da methanol guba depressing statistics.

Ethyl barasa. Gost

Gost - shi ne da farko wani daftarin aiki gudãnar abin da halaye dole ne kayan da sayar a kan ƙasa wata} asa. Akwai da dama baƙi a ethanol, wanda bayyana manufar, yanayi na ajiya, sufuri da kuma more.

Amma irin wannan hadadden batun, kamar yadda da amfani da giya, na iya samar da mutane da yawa hours na muhawara. Kuma ba a wannan yanayin, domin kowane mutum dole ne yanke shawara wa kansu abin da ya shafi irin wannan matakin. Amma bari mu juya zuwa Gost 1972: "ethanol - a flammable, colorless ruwa da halayyar wari. Yana nufin da m kwayoyi da sa na farko da tashin hankali, sa'an nan -. Inna na cikin juyayi tsarin "

Yanzu karanta Gost 1982: "ethanol - a flammable, colorless ruwa da halayyar wari alaka miyagun kwayoyi." Kuma a karshe, a cikin 2000: "ethyl barasa - a colorless, flammable ruwa da halayyar wari." Wadannan guda dokokin kuma ya tsara da abu kamar yadda ethyl barasa ga masana'antu amfani.

Harm da kuma amfanin da barasa

Bari mu ba a taɓa wannan babbar dutsen kankara da ake kira "sha ko kada su sha." Bari mu tuna da kalmomin da ƙaunataccen maniyyi Semenovich Gorbunkova game da amfanin barasa. Barasa iya muhimmanci hana samuwar jini clots, rage cholesterol abun ciki a cikin jini, don kara fadada, sakamakon shi a mafi m wurare dabam dabam. A magani kamar yadda aka sani likes a sarari kashi, don haka 50 ml ya bi da takalmin gyaran kafa tafiya. Amma amfanin abin da ya zo da barasa ne ma kananan idan aka kwatanta da kanta: barasa canza kwayoyin tsarin da dan Adam, wanda zai iya haifar da shafi tunanin mutum retardation zuriyarsu, yana da wani detrimental sakamako a kan halin kirki hali. A wannan yanayin, yana da daraja ambaton cewa shi ne barasa yanã mutum ya yi m, wauta kuma m ayyuka. Don kauce wa wannan, ya kamata ka bi da dokokin fili. Zai zama da amfani da kuma cikakken kin amincewa da wani iri-iri na giya.

Ka tuna cewa idan ka wuce na kullum, sa'an nan barasa zama mai guba da cewa zai sa lalacewar gabobin da kuma ko da dukan tsarin jikinka.

A gaskiya wannan kuma ba za ka iya gama da shawara game da yadda za a bambanta tsakanin methyl na ethyl barasa.