Pskov Kremlin. Pskov - gani. Pskov Kremlin - photo

Pskov aka located a arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na Rasha, game da 690 km daga Moscow. A birnin biyu koguna: Mai girma da Pskov. The sunan wannan kauye da kogin na wannan sunan zo daga Finno-Finnish nufin "guduro ruwa". Babban ado na birni ne majestic Pskov Kremlin. Baya da shi, a nan za ka iya ganin abubuwa da yawa na dutse na da majami'u da kuma zamanin da gidajen lama.

Tarihi na gari

A garin da aka farko da aka ambata a cikin 903, a lokacin da Prince Igor aure Olga. A tarihin da shi ya bayyana cewa, ta kasance wani 'yan qasar na Pskov. A XII karni, birnin ya zama wani ɓangare na Novgorod asashe, da kuma daga baya ya zama mai zaman kanta jamhuriyar Pskov cent. A 1510 a garin na daga cikin Grand Duchy na Moscow, kuma daga 1777 ya zama cibiyar da Pskov lardin.

Daga karni na goma, kuma har ta sarautar Bitrus I Pskov aka quite sanannun birni a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje. Duk da haka, bayan da St. Petersburg kafa ta cin fara samun koma baya. A shekarar 1944, birnin da aka shagaltar da ta Nazis, barin da yawa na tarihi Monuments kasance halakakku. Littafi ta bayyanar - shi ne gaba ɗaya abin yabo restorers da kuma gine-ginen da suka gina babban gani na Pskov da kewayensa.

Local Kremlin: wani janar Siffar

Kremlin Pskov ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, Crom dauke kyau kwarai misali na zamanin d gine. An located a kan m tudu a wurin da kogin empties a cikin Great Pskov. Wannan tsoho tsarin kunshi sassa biyu: matsanancin da ciki sansanin soja. Dukan yanki ne kamar Kremlin wanda lullube daga arewa zuwa kudu yankin Neja Delta. Shi ne kuma Triniti Cathedral, gina game 1683-1699 shekaru, kazalika da tsohon Veche yankin, wanda a baya ya wuce da bẽne. Cathedral kuma shi ne sauƙin gani daga hayin kogi. A kudu ne Dovmontov birni. Tun da farko a cikin wadannan wurare akwai mutane da yawa majami'u da kuma gine-gine. Yanzu m zan iya kawai ganin Haikali filaye, saboda haka suka dukkan halakar a daban-daban sau.

Pskov Kremlin bautarka 3 kadada, wanda aka kewaye da wani garu na dutse ganuwar. Akwai zauna a tuki kushin, an rufe shi da wani katako, rufi.

duba ciki

A arewacin Kremlin ne 5-bene hasumiya. Kutekroma kira shi, da kuma rufinta ne mita 30. A gabashin bango na Kremlin miƙa for 435 mita da kuma yammacin - at 345 mita.

A zuciya na Crom ne biyar-domed Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral. Wannan gini - da yan hudu a wannan wuri. Da farko, a tsakiyar karni na goma akwai wani katako coci, wanda aka gina da Princess Olga. A XII karni da Pskov Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel a wurin wani dutse tsarin da aka kafa. A cikin XV karni, a maimakon haka, akwai wani na uku Triniti Cathedral, wanda taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban gine-gine da hadisai na yankin. A mafi yawan 'yan coci da aka gina a 1699 da kuma ado a duk-Russian hadisai. Pskov Kremlin - wannan shi ne na musamman da wuri. Ga kaya daga tsarkaka da kuma ci a cikin guda hadaddun gine-gine na daban-daban styles kuma sau.

Pskov Kremlin Tarihi

Abin baƙin ciki, saboda wasu dalilai, da chroniclers bai rubũta a lokacin da ganuwar da Kremlin da kuma gina ta farko hasumiya da aka sa shi. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Bugu da kari to ambata a rubuce kafofin kawai a 1065. Duk da haka, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi ce cewa bankunan na Pskovy mutane zo da baya a na Millennium BC. Suka tsunduma a farauta, kama kifi da kuma ko kerarre kayan ado. An yi imani da cewa, birnin da aka kafa Olga. A daidai wannan lokaci, a kan tushen da samu kayayyakin gargajiya, za mu iya cewa ta hanyar wannan lokaci Pskov ya riga wani cikakken fledged arna birni da manyan yawan jama'a.

Kamar yadda da wani sauran manyan kuma m birni, Pskov da ake bukata a dogara da kariya daga makiya. A dangane da wannan, kuma ya yanke shawarar gina wani karfi da kuma impregnable sansanin soja. A farko katako ganuwar Krom aka sa a kan lãka shaft kamar VIII- X ƙarni, a kalla, game da wannan al'amari ya gaya labarin. Pskov Kremlin fara kara hankali. A X-XIII ƙarni akwai fara gina ganuwar dutse, wanda ɓullo da "bushe" (ba tare da bonding bayani). Gina ganuwar a kan wani bayani fara fito fili ne kawai a cikin XIII karni da kuma shi ne m zuwa shaft waje. Daga baya, da gina sabon gãnuwõyi fara, da karfafa ganuwar da kuma kara da tsawo.

Crom rabo na XII da XVI karni

Da farko Smerdov hasumiyar da aka gina (Dovmont daga baya). Ta kasance a gefen hagu a kusa da guda a lokacin ƙofofin birnin. Duk da haka, birnin da aka girma cikin sauri, da kuma akwai wani gaggawa bukatar domin gina na biyu ƙofar garin. A wannan batun, akwai Triniti (ko Great) Gateway, wanda tsira har mu kwana.

A 1337, ya fi iko Wall Crome An sabunta. A wannan lokacin, mu widen hanya zuwa Kremlin, kazalika ya karu bude na Great Gate. A cikin 1400-1401 shekara, an kammala biyu mafi hasumiyarki. A general, da XV karni Pskov Kremlin karfafa ta 2 sau. A wannan lokacin, kamar yadda akwai wani hasumiya - Vlasievskaya. An located a kan kusurwa na Dovmont birni. Shi ya zama irin outpost: a nan aka za'ayi saka idanu na bāre duka, ya yada zango a garin.

Last hasumiya - Flat - da aka gina a 1500, kuma an dauki mafi kyau. Yana tsaye kusa da mahaɗar tsakãninsu da kõguna a Great Pskovy. A 1510, Pskov ya zama wani ɓangare na Moscow sarauta. A XVI karni, Chrome zama wurin zama na ruhaniya ikon birnin - na farko iyayengiji, sa'an nan Metropolitan. A Kremlin sun "Sarkin barns" da kuma adana ammonium. A 1537 a bakin Pskovy aka kafa ƙananan grille abin da yake rufe kogin gado. A tsakiyar karni na XVI a kan Triniti hasumiyar sun garin Agogon, amma shi rushe a 1787 da kuma aka mayar da kawai a shekarar 1988.

Tun da XVIII karni wa yau

Karkashin Bitrus I da Pskov Kremlin (photo na wannan majestic gini ka iya da kyau a duba kasa) ya ci gaba da gudanar da wani tsaron gida aiki. A general, ya zauna a dogara m kasashen waje arewa maso yammacin Rasha har ƙarshen XVIII karni. Kafin XX karni Crom kusan a kango da ake bukata manyan maimaitawa. Manyan-sikelin maido fara aiki ne kawai shekaru 60 na karni na ashirin.

Tower na Pskov Kremlin

Majestic Kremlin yana 6 hasumiyai:

- Vlasevkaya hasumiyar (XV karni).

- Rybniczkaya (XV karni). Yanzu yana da wani shagon tsaraba (a 1780 an dismantled, kuma a shekarar 1970 da ginin da aka sake halittarsa cikin asalin form).

- High hasumiya.

- Triniti, ko hours (shi aka kerata bayan da cikakken ƙuduri na XVII karni).

- Kutekroma Tower (1400).

- stinks, ko Dovmont hasumiyar (daga XIX karni, wannan shi ne quite mai iko hasumiya da aka juya a cikin wani karamin "faceted" turret).

Sauran wuraren ban sha'awa

Bugu da kari ga tsoho Kremlin, Pskov akwai yalwa da sauran wuraren da ya kamata ka shakka duba zuwa. Mutane da yawa yawon bude ido suna janyo hankalin Basil Haikali a kan tudun, wanda aka gina a cikin XVI karni. A baya can, a cikin kafa na coci ta gudana a kananan rafi dalibinsa.

Har ila yau, dake kusa da Haikalin Vasilyevskaya hasumiya, wanda ya bellfry. A cewar tsoho bãyar, akwai rataye mai kararrawa cewa fadakar da mazauna da ya faru na mangolawa da kuma sauran abokan gaba. Global maido da Haikalin ya fara a shekara ta 2009.

Mirozhsky sufi

Za ka mamaki da abin da kuma zai iya zama abin mamaki birnin Pskov? Tarik za a iya gani a da yawa kadan sasanninta wannan kauye da kewaye. Alal misali, a nan ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin gidajen lama a Rasha. Its main amfani - pre-Mongolian murals sanya a cikin XII karni. Wannan makaman ne kunshe a cikin UNESCO jerin duniya da ya fi fice a ayyukan art.

kogwanni sufi

Pskov-kogwanni sufi da aka located 50 km daga Pskov, kuma aka kafa ta Reverend Yunusa. Wannan Haikali a kan shekaru 500. Jonah koma nan da iyalinsa, da in bauta wa Allah, har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. Ya fara kudin kogon Haikali, amma a wannan lokacin da rashin lafiya da kuma matarsa ta mutu. Bayan binne ta, kashegari da saint gano cewa, ta akwatin gawa ya mayar a kan ƙasa. Bayan da maimaitawa na binne gaba rana, ya sake tsaya a kan ƙasa. Jonah tunani shi ne wata ãyã daga sama, da kuma bai rufe matarsa.

Tun daga nan, da jikin duka marigayin mazauna Pskov lardin ba ya aikata a cikin ƙasa, kuma ya bar a vaults. Abin mamaki shine, duk da cewa da makarar da aka yin baƙi, matattu jiki kusan su sāke tare da gyare-gyare na waɗanda shekara. Ga ake binne wakilan yawa daraja iyalansu: .. Buturlins, Pushkin, Kutuzov Nazimovs da dai sauransu A sufi ne ma wuraren bauta kamar icon daga cikin Uwar Allah Hodegetria Psokovo-Pechora. Bugu da kari, shi ne mafi girma namiji sufi a Rasha.

Abin da ya nemi karin?

A arewacin Pskov, a kan bankunan na babban kogin, shi ne Snegorsky sufi, kwanan rana XIII karni. Tun shekara ta 1993, ya zama mace. Ba da nisa daga nan ne wani aiki coci na St. Bitrus da Bulus.

Duk da haka yana da ba duk da ban mamaki wuraren da za su iya nuna maka Pskov. Tarik, wanda ya taɓa photo view, da nasaba da tarihi na birnin da ya shahara mazauna. Akwai wani abin tunawa ga Princess Olga Kabarin "Biyu shugabannin", wani abun da ke ciki "Mawãƙi da baƙauye", kazalika da sassaka a girmama na 300th tunawa da tsaro na sojoji na Khan Batory kuma mafi.

Pskov - wannan shi ne wani sosai picturesque gari tare da mai arziki tarihi. Bayan ziyartar Kremlin bada alama cewa ku shãfe da kuma babban jaruntakar labaru na kasar su. Ganuwar da sansanin soja da gani da yawa, dandana duka biyu m da kuma bakin ciki sau a wannan yankin, amma duk da kome sun tsira zuwa yau. Ganin wajajen bauta masu dadadden, za ka ji a cikin zuciya akwai wani ji na zaman lafiya da natsuwarSa. Ji dadin kyawawan wurare da kuma yanayin da yankin, kana shakka ba zai manta da shi har abada.

Duk da ka bukata don wani zumudi - a Pskov taswira tare da waɗansu alãmõmi, dadi takalma da kuma fun kamfanin!