Sebastian Brant. The waka "Ship na wawaye"

Sebastian Brant - mai almara satirist na karni na sha biyar, a 'yan qasar na Jamus. A lokacin rayuwarsa, da mawãƙi rubuta mai yawa cancantar ayyukansu. Duk da haka, duniya a san shi da waka mai suna "Ship na wawaye". So in sani game da marubuci da hanyar rayuwa mafi?

Sebastian Brant: A Biography

A nan gaba marubuci da aka haife shi a 1457 a Jamus birnin Strasbourg. Kamar yadda ɗan wani gidan cin abinci mai shi, Sebastian Brant samu damar matsawa zuwa Basel, wanda aka sanshi a matsayin "free birni". Akwai matasan soma nazarin daban-daban sciences, tsakanin wanda shi ne dokar, na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe, da sauransu. Tuni a 1484 Sebastian Brant samu dama za su gudanar da koyarwa ayyukan, ko 5 bayan shekaru da mawãƙi aka bayar a doctoral digiri a fannin tattalin arziki da kuma Roman dokar, zama wani da ake kira likita na biyu dokokin, wanda a kwanakin nan ya wuce yarda da babbar. Daga baya Brant aka nada Dean na Faculty of Law. Duk da yake Sebastian da nasa dokar yi da rayayye halarci littafin na daban-daban littattafai. Brant wani mutum tare da wata babbar stock na encyclopedic ilmi. Ya kasance m in Latin kuma a lokaci guda tsunduma a cikin binciken na zamanin d Girkanci.

makõma take

A 1499, Sebastian bar Basel da kuma koma kasarsa. A marubuci da sauri aikata da girmamawa daga mutane. Brunt kusan nan da nan ya samu matsayi na birni magatakarda, da kuma a 1503 ya zama wani birni kansila. Har ila yau quite ban sha'awa al'amari daga biography na marubuci ne cewa Sarkin sarakuna Maximilian a matsayin kyauta ba Sebastian Palatine take da tare da shi da matsayi na na sarki majalisar ba da shawara. Sebastian Brant ya ba May 10, 1521, kuma an binne shi mawãƙi a ƙasarsa ta birnin Strasbourg.

Sebastian Brant: waqe

Brant gangara a tarihi a matsayin talented Lyricist. Mawãƙi kokarin kansu a daban-daban nau'o'i, shi duk da haka ya zama shahararren matsayin satirist. Sebastian Brant gilla da kuma uncompromisingly castigated da mũnãnan ayyuka na mutane da cewa lokaci. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa mafiya yawa daga cikin waqe Brant aka rubuta a Latin. na farko tarin mawãƙi ya fito a 1498 a karkashin sunan "daban-daban abubuwa". Sun hada da mafi yawan Brant shayari. Duk da haka, littafin ne mafi tarihi fiye da m amfani.

waka

Satirical waka da ake kira "Ship na wawaye" - a gaskiya magnum opus, da tsantsa daga cikin dukan aikin da marubucin. Marubucin sosai aptly lura da wawanci da sauran munanan ayyuka da tsaransa. Waka na dogon lokaci dadin mai girma shahararsa a tsakanin mutane. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda littafin da aka rubuta candidly da wittily. Bugu da kari, Brant san duk game da rayuwar mutanen wannan lokaci, wanda aka sosai ji a karatu. Har ila yau, wani babban rawa yiwuwa taka leda 75 kwafi cewa qawata hadisin.

Domin daruruwan shekaru da littafin da aka sake rubutawa da dama sau da fassara a cikin mafi Turai harsuna. The waka "Ship na wawaye" aka kuma fassara a cikin Rasha a shekarar 1965, da kokarin Lva Penkovskogo. Da shi shi ne mafi voluminous fassarorin (ga wannan littafin da aka buga a excerpts daban-daban anthologies). Abin baƙin ciki, wasu wurare ba a buga ba saboda tsananin katsalandan da kwaminisanci tsarin mulki. Alal misali, a cikin Rasha translation ya ba mai yin sabo Lines, wanda Brant Allah wadai.

Kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin harshen Jamusanci, da littafin ya zama wani satirical madubi wani zamanin. Rubuta tare da ya saba ci mutumci Zagayawar wawaye daga dukkan ratsi, wanda aka yi nufi ga gudãna zuwa cikin mulkin wawanci. A karkashin m ido Brant sun shugabanninmu, da firistoci, da sufaye, da kuma ko da lauyoyi. The waka ne gaba daya Ribar da moralizing karin magana da faxin. Marubucin kokarin zana jama'a da hankali ga matsalolin da lokaci da kuma kira a Jamus don tada, gyara dabi'u. Sebastian Brant ya waka halitta dukan sabon Trend in German adabi, wanda aka fi sani da "adabi na wawaye". Daga baya, wannan Trend ya wuce Jamus da kuma yada a ko'ina Turai.

A cikin waka, marubucin rayayye yana amfani da symbolism. Saboda haka, wawa ne alama ce da lalace a cikin zuciyar dan Adam, wanda aka sa a cikin 'ya'yan sarakuna ba kotun for fun. The jirgin, bi da bi, alama ce ta kasa holidays da sauran idi. Bugu da kari, marubucin fa, tã daidaici da addini, jayayya cewa wawanci - zunubi.