Juyin juya halin 1905-1907: raga. A farko Rasha juyin juya halin na 1905-1907.

A farko juyin juya halin na 1905-1907. Shi ya faru saboda da dama dalilai, wanda aka bayyana a cikin daban-daban duniyoyin na Rasha jama'a na lokaci. A juyin juya halin Musulunci halin da ake ciki ya ba instantaneous, kuma aka allura sannu a hankali saboda da warware matsalar matsaloli tara daga cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th. A farkon karni na ashirin, capitalism koma zuwa ga mafi girman mataki na ta ci gaba - mallaka, wanda aka tare da wani ƙarin tsanani daga duk saba wa juna a cikin al'umma, duka biyu domestically da kuma duniya.

The aiki rana dade goma sha huɗu sa'o'i!

A Sanadin juyin juya halin na 1905-1907. kwanta a gaskiyar cewa kasar, a daban-daban yadudduka na yawan jama'ar, a manyan yawan mutanen da suke da m da rayukansu. Yana da daraja abin lura rashin ikon da fari na aiki aji, wanda ya zama wani tuki da karfi a 1917. A farkon karni na ashirin, da yawan wakilan da proletariat a Rasha ya kai goma sha huɗu da mutane miliyan (ciki har da gwani ma'aikatan - game da goma bisa dari). Kuma da waɗannan da goma sha huɗu da miliyan industrialists aka tilasta yin aiki 14 hours a rana (idan hukuma kafa tun 1897, aiki rana a 11 da rabi hours).

Link ba tare da gudanar da bincike da kuma gwaji

A farko Rasha juyin juya halin (1905-1907) an sanya yiwu ma saboda a lokaci guda aiki ajin da aka mai tsanani iyakance a su 'yancin kare nasu bukatun. A cikin Rasha Empire akwai m umarni a matakin da ma'aikatar cikin gida, wanda ba ka damar dauke da wakilan da proletariat, ba tare da gudanar da bincike da kuma fitina ga shan kashi a zanga-zangar. Domin wannan ayyuka iya tafi kurkuku na tsawon 60 zuwa 240 days.

Sun yi aiki na pittance

A Rasha juyin juya halin na 1905-1907. Yana da aka sanya yiwu saboda da m amfani da aiki aji wurare masu. Alal misali, a cikin magani da kowane ma'adinai Ruble riba aikin addabi kasa da daya bisa uku (32 dan sanda.), Kuma a karfe aiki da abinci da masana'antu har ma da kasa - 22 da kuma 4 aninai, bi da bi. A "social shirye-shirye" a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, mun kashe ko da kasa - 0.6% na halin kaka na 'yan kasuwa. A bangare, wannan iya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa masana'antu na kasar fiye da rabin mallakar waje masu zuba jari. Kamar yadda bincike na Securities a lokacin (dogo hannun jari, kamfanonin, bankuna), da yawa daga cikinsu ya yada adiresoshin a Amurka da Turai, kazalika da inscriptions ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a cikin harshen Turanci, Jamusanci da kuma Faransa. Juyin juya halin 1905-1907, da manufofin da, a duban farko, kada su bayyana shi a bayyane waje tasiri, shi dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa akwai bai isa ba industrialists da kuma wakilan jam'iyyar Elite, wanda zai yi sha'awar a cikin ci gaban da jindadin da Rasha mutane.

"Popularity" na Rasha zuba jari da aka sa'an nan saboda a wani bangare ga cewa a lokacin da monetary garambawul a 1897 da ruble na Rasha Empire aka alakanta da zinariya. A kasar suka tafi kwarara daga kasashen waje kudi cewa "hayin" ya karbo kudi a cikin nau'i na riba a cikin zinariya. Saboda haka, a cikin shekaru 1887-1913 a Rasha Empire aka kashe daga cikin kasashen yammaci, kusan biliyan 1.8 rubles a zinariya, da excreted a samun kudin shiga na game da 2.3 biliyan rubles da zinariya.

Bread aka cinye kusan sau uku kasa da a cikin teku,

A juyin juya halin a Rasha (1905-1907) aka kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa, rayuwa mai yawa ƙananan fiye da a kasashen Turai. Alal misali, batutuwa na Rasha Empire a lokacin da burodi cinye game da 3,45 quintals a kowace shekara a cikin yawan, a cikin Amurka da adadi shi kusa da wani ton a Denmark - game da 900 quintals, France - fiye da rabin ton, a Jamus - 4,32 quintal . A lokaci guda a cikin kasar da muka tattara mafi hatsi, da yawa daga abin da aka fitar dashi, wanda Ya halitta preconditions for samu na kudi zuwa ga baitul, a hannu daya, da kuma "tamowa" mutane - a kan sauran.

Rayuwa a karkara, kafin farkon na Rasha juyin juya halin (1905-1907), shi ne kuma m. A wannan lokacin, manoman da aka bukata biya gwaji haraji da excise aikinsu, yankin na baƙauye Holdings da wani downward Trend, da yawa aiki a cikin yankunan hayarsa, bada rabin da girbi, ko da wani babban ɓangare na kudaden shiga. Gonaki, conversely, faɗaɗa kan su Holdings (daya ya sauka fili 300 baƙauye gidaje da yankin) da kuma overly dogara a kan su maida su ba kome manoma. A bambanci ga ma'aikata, da peasantry, da rabo daga abin da yake har zuwa 70% na Rasha Empire, akalla halarci a cikin tarihi tsari da ake kira "juyin juya halin 1905-1907", da dalilai ga wanda sakamakon kasance ba sosai karfafa manoma. Bugu da ƙari, ko da a kan Hauwa'u na da 1917 da juyin juya halin , da yawa tillers sun monarchists kuma ya yi ĩmãni da "mai kyau firist-sarki."

Sarki bai son canja

A juyin juya halin a Rasha (1905-1907) sun fi mayar saboda da manufofin bin Nicholas II, wanda ya yanke shawarar zuwa zabi tafarkin mahaifinsa, Alexander III, da kuma kara karfafa autocracy, maimakon kokarin liberalize da Rasha jama'a, ya so ya yi, kakansa, Alexander II. A karshen, duk da haka, an kashe shi a ranar da zai bushãra da farko semblance na Rasha tsarin mulki. A kursiyin a lokacin da ya koma sama da shekaru 26 da shekaru Nicholas II ya nuna cewa, mulkin demokra] canje-canje ne m ra'ayoyin, sai sarki ba zai yi lissafi da irin ra'ayoyi da cewa sun riga ya kafa a wasu bangare na ilimi jama'a na lokaci, shi bai ƙara shahararsa na monarch.

M soja yaƙin neman zaɓe na Nicholas II

Ba na ƙara da shi da kuma Rasha-Japanese War, wanda ya faru a 1904-1905 gg. Ta untied Japan, amma da yawa a cikin Rasha daular da suke ilmantuwa wasu irin gangamin bunkasa yiwuwa na hukumomi. A farko Rasha juyin juya halin (1905-1907) ya fara yayin da tashin (neman sauyi mataki ya faru a karon farko a watan Janairu 1905, yayin da yaki ya ƙare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar), wanda sun kasance, a kan dukan, m. Rasha ba a ƙarfafa sansanin soja, aka talauci shirya sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa kayayyaki, m kashe sojoji da jami'an, da kuma sallama da sansanin soja na Port Arthur, Mukden da Tsushima events sun shafi fiye da wani mummunan tasiri a kan image na autocrat da ayarinsa.

periodization juyin juya halin

Masana tarihi san da wadannan matakai na juyin juya halin na 1905-1907:

• A farko - a watan Janairu-Maris 1905.
• Na biyu, wanda dade daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta 1905.
• The uku, wanda dade daga kaka 1905 zuwa Maris 1906

A mataki na farko da babban events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa bayan "Kazamin Lahadi", a lokacin da game da mutum ɗari da arba'in da dubu proletarians zo da addini alamomin da takarda da bukatun aiki ajin da Winter Palace, inda wasu daga cikinsu suka harbe dakarun gwamnati da Cossacks. Baya tattalin arziki bukatar a takarda kuma hada wani tsari don kafa kasa ofishin a cikin wani nau'i na majalisar da aka kafa, don gabatar da 'yancin magana, na addini, daidaito a gaban doka, akan rage aiki hours, da rabuwa da coci da kuma jihar, jama'a da ilimi, da sauransu.

A bourgeoisie goyon ra'ayin majalisar

Ya jagoranci aiki talakawa na firist Georgi Gapon, wanda ya dauki 'yan shekaru a baya da' yan sanda kafa "ma'aikata na St. Petersburg Collection", wanda aka yi nufi ga raunana rinjayar neman sauyi ideas daga proletariat. Ya kuma yi wata takarda. Nicholas II a procession a lokacin babban birnin kasar da aka ba. A mataki na farko ya samu halartar game da 810 000 mutane, ma'aikatan goyon bayan dalibai, da gundumar majalisa, hidima m tashin hankali. Juyin juya halin 1905-1907, da manufofin da suke daban-daban domin daban-daban kungiyoyin na yawan jama'ar, aka farko ya kawo a cikin Musulunci na matsakaici da kuma manyan bourgeoisie, da ke goyon bayan ra'ayin wani majalisar. Sarki, a mayar da martani ga disturbances rubuta wani tsari ga ministan harkokin A. Bulygin da ake bukata don shirya wani daftarin zakonosoveschatelnogo jiki (Duma).

A ci gaba da neman sauyi tsari: da mataki na biyu

Kamar yadda ɓullo da kara juyin juya halin na 1905-1907? A takaice bayyana karo na biyu mataki na iya zama kamar haka: a watan Afrilu-Agusta 1905 a buga ya samu halartar game 0.7 mutane miliyan, ciki har da daga May 12 ga Yuli 26, zaunanniya yajin ma'aikata na masakun (a Ivanovo-Voznesensky). A daidai wannan lokacin, wanda a biyar gundumomi na Turai na da Rasha Empire akwai baƙauye yunkuri. A karkashin matsin lamba daga wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, hukumomi a watan Agusta 1905 bayar da wani daftarin aiki a kan zaben na Duma, amma tare da wani sosai kananan yawan masu jefa} uri'a. A zaben da wannan jiki suka kaurace kowane sako na cikin zanga-zangar da ƙungiyoyi, don haka ina ganin ba a kafa.

Wane irin sakamako a wannan mataki ya kawo juyin juya halin na 1905-1907? A raga cewa peasantry biyã a lokacin duk mai neman sauyi events na farkon karni na ashirin, aka jera cimma a watan Agusta 1905, a lokacin da manoma sun iya samun damar yin amfani da jama'a asashe. Amma kawai ta hanyar sayen su ta hanyar da ake kira baƙauye Bank, wanda zai iya ba da damar kaina 'yan.

The uku lokaci ya zo da wata} ungiyar fafitika,

The uku mataki, abin da ya faru a cikin Rasha juyin juya halin (1905-1907), shi ne mafi tsawo. Yana fara a watan Satumba 1905, kuma ƙare a Maris 1906. A nan, mafi muhimmanci taron shi ne duk-Russian siyasa yajin, wanda ya samu halartar mutane miliyan biyu a fadin kasar. A bukatun su ne guda - da takwas-hour rana, babban taron duniya na majalissar dokokin wucin gadi, da mulkin demokra] iyya da yanci. Hukumomin gwamnati kamata ya kashe magana ta amfani da makamai da karfi (domin na Janar Trepov "tsunduma ba harsasai da kuma harba guraben don tarwatsa taron"), a kan Oktoba 17 na wannan shekara, Nicholas II bayar da umarni, wanda ya ba da wani gagarumin yancin walwala. Yana hada da 'yancin kafa kungiyoyi, taro, magana, jami'an tsaro na mutum. Bayan tallafi na umurnin fara fito fili kwadago, da majalisarku da na ma'aikata 'wakilai,, aka tushen ƙungiyoyi "Rasha al'umma" da kuma "Oktoba 17", fara noma Stolypin sake fasalin.

Babban events na juyin juya halin (1905-1907) hada biyu convocations na Jihar Duma. Waɗannan su yunkurin maida da tsarin siyasa a Rasha saboda autocratic daular mulkinsu zuwa majalisar. A farko Duma yi aiki daga Afrilu 1906 zuwa Yuli na wannan shekara da kuma aka soke da Sarkin sarakuna kamar yadda na rayayye yi yaƙi da halin yanzu gwamnati, halin da bada m dokokin (SRs miƙa nationalization na halitta albarkatun da yarjejeniyoyin da zaman kansa ikon mallakar ƙasar da sauransu.).

A Duma bai fito da

Events juyin juya halin (1905-1907) cikin sharuddan aikin majalisu jikin su ne ba sosai nasara. Saboda haka, Na biyu Jihar Duma, ya yi aiki a 1907, daga watan Fabrairu zuwa watan Yuni, ya gabatar da wani sa na bada shawarwari, don magance agrarian tambaya daga daban-daban jam'iyyun dauke abinci tambaya, da tattalinsu a kan yarjejeniyoyin da soja kotuna da soja conscription, kuma suka saɓa wa "ba bisa doka ba ayyuka" na 'yan sanda fiye da sanyi "fusatar" yanzu gwamnati. A bangare na biyu da aka yi tunani game da 500 wakilai,, daga cikinsu kashi 38% yana da mafi girma ilimi, gida horo - 8 bisa dari, talakawan digiri - game da 20%, mafi ƙasƙanci - 32 bisa dari. Jahilci a cikin Duma ya kashi daya, wanda shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, tun da kusan 170 wakilai, sun mazauni ne na jahilci manoma. Amma akwai a cikin Duma kuma darektan da shuka - 6 mutane, da lauyoyi - game da talatin, har ma wani mawãƙi ba ne.

Me juyin juya halin ƙare a 1907?

Tare da aka rushe ta biyu Jihar Duma kammala juyin juya halin na 1905-1907. Takaita da ayyuka na jiki za a iya bayyana a matsayin arancinsu m, saboda ina ganin sake daina yi yaƙi da sauran hukumomi. A cikin duka ya dauki 20 dokoki, na abin da kawai uku sun karbi karfi na dokar, ciki har da guda biyu ayyukan na taimako ga mutane shafi amfanin gona gazawar.

Sakamako na farko Rasha juyin juya halin

Wannan ya zo da mazaunan Rasha Empire juyin juya halin 1905-1907? Da manufofin mafi zanga-zanga azuzuwan al'umma a lokacin wannan waki'a mai tarihin gaske ba a sadu, don haka an yi imani da cewa juyin juya halin Musulunci tsari ya gaza. Wasu sakamakon a cikin hanyar kafa na 'yan majalisu jiki, wakiltar yawan azuzuwan, wasu yancin walwala, ba shakka, sun kasance. Amma jihar tsarin bai halartar wani canje-canje, da ƙasar tambaya ba a cika niyyar zartarwa, da yanayi na aiki aji aiki zauna matsananci, don haka su ne preconditions domin kara raya neman sauyi tsari.

A sakamakon juyin juya halin hada da samuwar uku da manyan "sansanonin" jam'iyyun siyasa (gwamnati, m-bourgeois da mulkin demokra]), wanda har yanzu yi a Rasha fagen siyasa a 1917.