Sergei Efron: Biography da bibliography

Marubuci kuma publicist Sergei Efron yana mafi kyau da aka sani da miji Mariny Tsvetaevoy. Ya kasance wani shahararren adadi a Rasha ƙaura. Daya daga cikin mafi rigima lokacin da marubuci ya biography ne ya tare da haɗin gwiwar Soviet m sabis.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Sergey aka haife kan Oktoba 16, 1893. The yaro ya iyaye su da Mutane, da kuma mutu lokacin da yake sosai matasa. Duk da iyali wasan kwaikwayo, wani maraya ya gama karatu a cikin shahararrun da kuma rare Polivanovskaya makaranta a Moscow. Bayan haka, saurayin shiga Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. A wannan wuri ne Sergei Efron ya zama m tare da yunkuri da kuma ya zama memba na karkashin kasa.

A 1911, Crimean Koktebel ya gana Marina Tsvetaeva. The biyu buga wani romance. A Janairu 1912 da suka kasance aure, da kuma bayan 'yan watanni da suka yi' yar Ariadne aka haife.

A yakin duniya na farko

Auna da a kwantar da hankula rayuwa Efron ƙare tare farko na yakin duniya na farko. Kamar da yawa takwarorina, ya so ya je gaban. A shekara ta farko na yaki akwai wani m karuwa da kishin kasa, abin da ya rufe ko bakuso da "m al'umma" to Czar Nicholas.

Da farko, Sergei Efron aka sa suna wa sadaka a asibiti jirgin kasa. Amma zai zama daidai ba ne a yi tunanin cewa ya yi mafarki da wani likita aiki. A 1917, wani saurayi sauke karatu daga soja makaranta. By cewa lokaci, akwai wani juyin juya halin na Fabrairu, da kuma a kan hanya ya Bolshevik juyin juya halin. Army yãƙi a gaban da Jamus, aka demoralized. Da wannan bango, Sergei Efron da ke cikin Moscow.

The "fari" motsi

Tun daga farko na yakin basasa Efron shi ya yi gāba da Bolsheviks. Duk da yake a cikin Moscow, ya aka kama dauke da makamai magoya bayan na fitina "ja". A farkon watan Nuwamba, birnin da aka a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Soviets. Kwaminis abokan adawar aka tilasta gudu zuwa wasu yankuna. Efron Sergey tafi zuwa kudu, inda ya shiga kawai ya fara samar da Armed Forces of Southern Rasha (VSYUR).

A sabuwar sanya jami'in bai bar ramuka har shekara uku. Ya sau biyu samu raunuka, amma ya kasance a cikin sahu. Efron Sergey Yakovlevich dauki bangare a cikin Ice yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin mafi daraja shafukan a cikin tarihi na "fari" motsi. Marubuci ya yi yaƙi da Bolsheviks har karshen, har da mãsu bãyar da bãya a cikin Crimea. Daga can, Efron aka kwashe farko zuwa Konstantinoful, sa'an nan - to Prague.

Don samun shi koma Marina Tsvetaeva. The biyu ya ba su ga for fiye da shekaru uku, yayin da akwai wani yakin basasa. Suka tafi zuwa Paris, inda ya dauki wani aiki da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan. Tsvetaeva ci gaba da buga tarin wakoki. Efron a Turai rubuta m da cikakken memoirs "Notes na wata mai sa kai."

a gudun hijira

Bayan kimantawa dukkan baya, wani tsohon abokin gaba na Soviet ikon ya tãɓe a cikin "fari" motsi. Haruffa Sergeya Efrona a lokacin nuna juyin halittar ra'ayi. A cikin tsakiyar 20s ya shiga cikin da'irar na Eurasians. Yana da yake wani matashi falsafa Trend, kafa daga Rasha ƙaura na farko kalaman.

Magoya bayan Eurasian yi imani da cewa Rasha al'adu da wayewa sharuddan ne magaji zuwa steppe hordes na Gabas (musamman da Mongolian makiyaya). Wannan ra'ayi ya zama musamman rare tsakanin masana a cikin zaman talala. Shafi cizon yatsa a cikin tsohon tsarist gwamnatin da sabon Soviet tsarin mulki.

NKVD

Mafi yawansu ya lokaci a gudun hijira Efron sanya da rai wallafe a jaridu. A farkon 30s ya shiga wata Masonic Lodge. Ko da karin muhimmanci shi ne ya tare da haɗin gwiwar "Union of koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa." Irin kungiyoyi da aka halicce ta Soviet ikon domin kafa sadarwar da mãsu hijira waɗanda so a baya a ƙasarsa ta kasar.

An sa'an nan kuma, bisa ga Malaman tarihi da masana tarihi, da marubuci ya zama wani wakili na NKVD. A Soviet m sabis da yawa recruiters a kasashe daban-daban. Daya daga cikinsu shi Sergei Efron. Photo ya na sirri fayil a NKVD ya sa hannu "Andreev". Wannan shi ne ya online wanda aka ce masa.

A kawai 'yan shekaru na hadin gwiwa tare da NKVD, taimaka Efron dauka da dama na mambobi ne na "fari" motsi a cikin zaman talala. Wasu daga cikin su sun zama masu kisan na ke so mutane domin da Tarayyar Soviet a Turai. A lokacin da Spanish yakin basasa Efron yi aiki domin sauya Pyrenees Soviet jamiái, wanda sa'an nan ya koma International Brigades.

makõma take

Kusan duk "fari", ya fara aiki tare da Tarayyar Soviet, wannan shawarar tabbatar da m. Na yi ba togiya da kuma Sergei Efron. Biography publicist cikakken aukuwa lokacin da ya kamu a kan 'yan sandan Faransa. A ƙarshe, ya aka ake zargin na da hannu a kisan gillar da siyasa Ignatiya Reyssa. Wannan mutumin ya wani tsohon wakili na Soviet asirin 'yan sanda da kuma m kwararru. A cikin shekaru 30 da ya gudu daga NKVD, ya zama wani defector a Faransa da kuma yi magana a bayyane, da zargi na Stalinism. Hukumomin shara'a da ake zargi da Efron a kisan da wannan mutumin.

Saboda haka, a 1937, Efron ya gudu daga Turai. Ya koma ga tarayyar Soviet, inda ya aka samu tare da ostentatious liyãfa - bayar gwamnatin Apartment, kuma ba wani albashi. Ba da da ewa Efron komo daga zaman talala matarsa, Marina Tsvetaeva. Har yanzu, ina yi muhawara ko ta san game da mijinta biyu rayuwa sa'an nan underway. A ba nasa haruffa, ta bai ambaci su zato. Amma yana da wuya a yi imani da cewa mutanen da suka rayu har shekaru da yawa gefe da gefe, bad tunanin juna ta rayuwarsu.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa bayan da an kashe Reiss Tsvetaeva, ma, ya karkashin gudanar da bincike. Duk da haka, da 'yan sandan Faransa kasa samun wani shaida mai tabbatar da nata bangare a cikin kisan kai. Wannan yarda da mawãƙi komawa kwantar da Tarayyar Soviet wa mijinta.

Kama da kuma yanke hukuncin kisa

A marigayi 30-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shi ne a tsakiyar babban abin tsoro, a lokacin da wadanda ke fama da NKVD ya zama duk abin da - daga zargin cin amanar a cikin tsaro da sabis da sojoji zuwa bazuwar mutane a kan abin da aka rubuta a denunciation. Saboda haka, makoman Efron, wanda yana da wani shubuha biography, aka hatimce da baya a ranar da ya komo a kan jirgin fito daga Turai zuwa Birnin Leningrad.

A farko da aka kama 'yarsa Ariadne (shi zai tsira). A na gaba a cikin kurkuku tabbatar da kansa shugaban iyali. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1939. A binciken da ya tafi a kan for quite wani lokaci. Zai yiwu hukumomin sa shi a kurkuku har sai mafi sau, a lokacin da shi ya zama dole don gudanar da wani umarni, da a yanke hukuncin kisa. Summer na 1941, Efron da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Ya aka kashe a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba. A waɗannan kwanaki, Moscow samu wani gaggãwa fitarwa saboda da kusanci na Nazi sojojin.

Marina Tsvetaeva kamar sanannen marubuci da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Elabuga (Tatarstan). Akwai Agusta 31 (kafin harbi mijinta) ta kashe kansa.

Efron ta wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu (haruffa, memoirs, almarar) aka buga bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta ruguje. Littattafan sun zama m shaidar da hadaddun da sabanin zamanin.