Shredinger Ervin: ban sha'awa facts, biography, samu, photos, quotes. Schrödinger ta cat

Erwin Schrödinger (shekaru na rayuwa - 1887-1961) - Austria likita, wanda aka sani a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa jimla makanikai. A shekara ta 1933 ya karbi Nobel Prize a kimiyyar lissafi. Shredinger Ervin lissafi ne marubucin da babban a cikin wannan sashe a matsayin maras relativistic jimla makanikai. An sani a yau a matsayin Schrödinger lissafi.

The asalin, farkon shekaru

Vienna - birnin da aka haife mu, da yawa fice mutane, ciki har da babban likita Erwin Schrödinger. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya kuma mu lokaci ne na babban sha'awa, ba kawai a tsarar masana kimiyya. Mahaifinsa Rudolf Schrödinger, industrialist da botanist. Mahaifiyarsa kuwa ta kasance 'yar wani gida farfesa Chemistry, University of Vienna. Yana da aka rabin wata Baturiya. Kamar yadda wani yaro Ervin Shredinger, wani photo na wanda za ka ga a wannan labarin, koya Turanci, ya san, tare da Jamus. Tsohuwarsa a Lutheran, mahaifinsa - Roman Katolika.

A 1906-1910 gg., Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, ya yi karatu a Shredinger Ervin Gazenerlya F. kuma F. S. Eksnera. A wani matashi, yana sha'awar ayyukan Schopenhauer. Wannan bayanin sha'awa cikin falsafa, gami da gabashin, launi ka'idar da fahimta, Vedanta.

Service, aure, aikin farfesa

Shredinger Ervin aiki a matsayin wani manyan bindigogi jami'in a lokacin daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa 1918. A 1920, Erwin aure. Matarsa zama A. Bertel. Ya nan gaba matar da ya sadu a Zeemahe bazara na 1913, lokacin da gwaje-gwajen da aka za'ayi, alaka yanayi da wutar lantarki. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1920, ya zama almajirin M. Wine, wanda ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Jena. A shekara daga baya, Shredinger Ervin ya fara aiki a Stuttgart, inda ya kasance wani Mataimakiyar farfesan. A kadan daga baya, a cikin wannan 1921, ya koma Breslau, inda ya riga ya mai da cikakken farfesa. A lokacin rani na Erwin Schrödinger ya koma Zurich.

Rayuwa a Zurich

Rayuwa a cikin birni ya kasance sosai da amfani ga masanin kimiyya. Gaskiyar cewa ba kawai da kimiyya na soyayya to sadaukar da lokacinsa Ervin Shredinger. Ban sha'awa facts daga masanin kimiyya ta rayuwa hada da ya so ga gudun kan tafiye-tafiye da kuma hawan tudu. Kuma duwãtsu a nan kusa, bayar da shi tare da mai kyau damar zauna a Zurich. Bugu da kari, Schrodinger magana da takwarorinsa Paulem Sherrerom, Peterom Debaem da Germanom Veylem, wanda ya yi aiki a Zurich Polytechnic. Duk da wannan gudummawar da kimiyya aiki.

Duk da haka, lokacin da Erwin ciyar a Zurich, aka rufe da rashin lafiya mai tsanani a 1921-22. The masanin kimiyya zama da rashin lafiya da na huhu da tarin fuka, don haka ya ciyar 9 months a cikin Swiss Alps, a cikin makõma garin Arosa. Duk da wannan, da Zurich shekaru ir} iro zama mafi hayayyafa domin Erwin. A nan ne ya rubuta ayyukansa a kan kalaman makanikai, wanda sun zama classic. An sani cewa sosai Weil taimake shi ya shawo kan ilmin lissafi matsaloli ci karo da Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger lissafi

A 1926, Erwin aka buga a wata mujallar kimiyya yana da muhimmanci sosai labarin. Yana da aka wakilta lissafi, mun san matsayin Schrödinger lissafi. A cikin wannan labarin (Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem) an yi amfani da dangane da matsalar da hydrogen zarra. Tare da shi Schrodinger bayyana ta bakan. Wannan labarin yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin kimiyyar lissafi na karni na 20th. Yana Schrödinger aza harsashin ginin wani sabon shugabanci a kimiyya - kalaman makanikai.

Aiki a jami'ar Berlin

Fame, wanda ya zo da masanin kimiyyar, ya bude hanyar zuwa babbar jami'ar Berlin. Erwin ya zama dan takarar na mukamin Farfesa na Irfanin Physics. Wannan post da warware bayan Maks plank ritaya. Schrodinger, shawo kan shakka, yarda da tayin. Ya dauki ofishin Oktoba 1, 1927.

A Berlin, Erwin sami wani kamar shiryayye abokai a fuskar Alberta Eynshteyna, Max Planck, Max von Laue. Sadarwa da su, ba shakka, wahayi zuwa gare masanin kimiyya. Schrodinger University of Berlin ya jagoranci laccoci a kan kimiyyar lissafi, ta gudanar da taro Physics Colloquium. Bugu da kari, ya halarci daban-daban kungiya ayyukan. Duk da haka, a general, Erwin kiyaye ga kansa. An nuna wannan ta tunanin da tsaransa, kazalika da rashin dalibinsa.

Erwin bar Jamus, da Nobel Prize

A shekara ta 1933, a lokacin da Hitler ya zo da iko, ya bar University of Berlin Ervin Shredinger. Tarihinsa, kamar yadda ka gani, da aka alama ta da yawa crossings. A wannan lokaci da masanin kimiyya ba zai iya yi in ba haka ba. A lokacin rani na 1937 tsakiyar-shekaru Schrödinger, wanda ba ya so ya yi biyayya da sabon tsarin mulki na yanke shawarar komawa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ta kin amincewa da Nazism Schrodinger taba nuna a fili. Ya ba ya so ya tsoma baki a harkokin siyasa. Duk da haka, a cikin Jamus wadanda shekaru ajiye apolitical ya kusan ba zai yiwu.

Just a wannan lokacin, Frederick Lindemann, wani Birtaniya likita, ziyarci Jamus. Ya gayyace Schrödinger don samun wani aiki a Jami'ar Oxford. Scientist, za a ta Kudu Tyrol ga bazara holidays, ya ba koma zuwa Berlin. Tare da matarsa da ya je Oxford a watan Oktoba shekara ta 1933 jim kadan bayan zuwa na Erwin koya game da lambar yabo na Nobel Peace Prize (tare da Paul Dirac).

Jobs in Oxford

Schrödinger a Oxford ya memba na Magadaliya College. Ya da wani koyarwa aikinsu. Tare da sauran sunã mãsu hijira, masana kimiyya sami software daga mallaka Chemical Industry kamfanin. Duk da haka, ba ya iya samun used to da ba a sani ba kewaye na jami'a. Daya daga cikin dalilan - rashin wani ilimi ma'aikata, daidaitacce, yafi a kan gargajiya tauhidin da kuma al'adu, da sha'awa a cikin zamani kimiyyar lissafi. Yana sanya Schrödinger jin cewa bai cancanci irin wannan babban albashi da kuma matsayi. Wani al'amari na rashin jin daɗi na masanin kimiyya ne musamman da zamantakewa da rayuwa, wanda ke cike da hanyoyi da kuma taron gunduma. Wannan constrains da 'yanci na Schrödinger, kamar yadda shi da kansa ya yarda. Duk wadannan da sauran kalubale, kazalika da rage girman kudade na shirin a 1936 koro Erwin la'akari aiki tayin. Da zarar Schrodinger ziyarci Edinburgh, ya yi niyyar komawa gida.

makõma take

A cikin kaka na shekarar 1936, masana kimiyya ya fara aiki a Graz University matsayin farfesa ne msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi. Duk da haka, ya tsaya a Austria ya short-rayu. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1938, da Anschluss dauki kasar da kuma shi ya zama wani ɓangare na Nazi Jamus. Scientist da taimako daga Rector na jami'ar, ya rubuta wata wasika sulhu, ya nuna shirye sa sama da sabuwar gwamnatin. Maris 30 an buga shi da kuma sa wani mummunan dauki a kan wani ɓangare na expatriate abokan aiki. Duk da haka, wadannan matakan da ba taimake Erwin. Saboda siyasa unreliability, ya aka sallame daga post shagaltar da shi. Schrodinger hukuma sanarwar samu a watan Agusta na shekara ta 1938

Roma da kuma Dublin

Scientist tafi zuwa Roma, kamar yadda farkisanci Italiya ya sa'an nan kadai jihar da shigarwa visa ba a bukata (da shi bai iya ba Erwin). By wannan lokaci Schrödinger tuntube Eamon De Valera, Ailan da firaministan kasar. Ya kasance mai lissafi da horo da kuma yanke shawarar kafa a Dublin, wani sabon makaranta. De Valera procured for Erwin da matarsa, sufuri visa, ya buɗe ƙofar shiga zuwa Turai. Sai suka tafi Oxford a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1938. Muddin ƙungiya aiki domin bude na institute a Dublin, Erwin dauki wani wucin gadi post a Ghent, Belgium. Wannan post aka] a] en ta hanyar Franks Foundation.

Ga masana kimiyya da kuma samu cikin yakin duniya na biyu. Tsakani De Valera taimake Erwin (wanda, bayan da Anschluss aka dauke a Jamus dan kasa, da cewa shi ne abokin gaba da kasar) su ratsa Ingila. Ya zo a cikin babban birnin kasar Ireland, Oktoba 7, 1939

Aiki a Dublin Cibiyar karshe shekaru

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies da aka bude a watan Yuni 1940, Erwin shi ne na farko Farfesa na Irfanin Physics - daya daga cikin na farko guda biyu rassan. Bugu da kari, ya aka nada Darektan Cibiyar. Sauran ma'aikata, ya bayyana daga baya (daga gare su W. Heitler, Yanoshi L. kuma C. Lanczos, kazalika da yawa matasa lissafin kimiyya), zai duƙufa fuskarsa ga bincike.

Erwin jagoranci taron karawa juna sani, laccoci, qaddamar a lokacin rani makaranta a institute, da suka ziyarci mafi shahararren kimiyyar lissafi na Turai. Babban kimiyya sha'awa cikin Irish Schrödinger shekaru ya ka'idar nauyi, kazalika da al'amurran da suka shafi cewa karya a jamsin na biyu sciences - kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin halitta. A 1940-45 gg. kuma daga shekarar 1949 zuwa 1956 da masanin kimiyyar ya darektan na Division of Irfanin Physics. Sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar komawa zuwa mahaifarsa, ya fara aiki a Jami'ar Vienna farfesa ne msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi. Bayan shekaru 2, da masanin kimiyyar, wanda a lokacin ya kasance sau da yawa rashin lafiya, ya yanke shawarar yin murabus.

Schrodinger ciyar karshe shekaru ransa a Alpbach, Tyrol kauyen. The masanin kimiyya mutu saboda ƙarin tsanani da tarin fuka a wani asibiti na Vienna. Yana da aka Janairu 4, 1961 a Alpbach aka binne shi Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger ta cat

Ka yiwuwa ji game da wanzuwar wannan sabon abu. Amma mutane da nisa daga kimiyya, yawanci kadan da aka sani game da shi. Ya kamata mu ma magana game da wannan a matsayin mai da muhimmanci sosai da kuma ban sha'awa ya gano Ervin Shredinger.

"Schrödinger ta cat" - sanannen tunani gwaji, wanda aka gudanar Erwin. Scientist amfani da shi ya so ya nuna cewa jimla makanikai ne bai cika ba, a lokacin da subatomic barbashi daga miƙa mulki ga macroscopic tsarin.

Mataki na ashirin da Erwin kwatanta wannan gwaji bayyana a cikin 1935. Ana amfani da bayyana liyafar kwatanta, daya ma iya ce, da sojan gona. The masanin kimiyyar yace da cewa akwai wani cat da kuma wani akwatin a cikinsa akwai wani inji hada da wani akwati na guba gas da kuma rediyoaktif atomic tsakiya. A gwajinsa, da sigogi aka zaba don haka da cewa Lalacewar tsakiya tare da wani yiwuwar 50% a kowace awa faruwa. Idan da dama a baya, tare da gas ganga zai bude da cat mutu. Duk da haka, idan wannan bai faru, da dabba zai rayu.

A sakamakon gwajin

To, ka bar dabba a cikin wani akwatin, jira awa, kuma tãyar da tambaya ko cat ne da rai ko ba? A cewar jimla makanikai, atomic tsakiya (kuma inganta dabba) ne lokaci guda, a dukan jihohi (jimla superposition). A tsarin na "cat - core" kafin a bude na akwatin ya da wani 50% damar a cikin "cat ne matattu, rushewarta core" kuma tare da wani yiwuwar 50%, "da cat ne rai, da zuciyar ba a karya up." Sai dai itace cewa dabba ne a ciki, a lokaci guda kuma ya mutu ba.

A cewar da Copenhagen fassarar, da cat zai kasance har yanzu dai da rai ko matattu, ba tare da wani tsaka-tsaki jihohi. A jihar lalata na tsakiya da aka zaba, ba a lokacin da akwatin da aka bude, kuma idan ta shiga cikin tsakiya a cikin injimin gano illa. Bayan akan rage da kalaman aiki a wannan harka shi ne ba da alaka da akwatin da wani mai tsaro (da mutum), da kuma wani core duba (injimin gano illa).

Ga mai ban sha'awa gwajin Ervin Shredinger. Bude shi ya ba impetus ga kara ci gaba da kimiyyar lissafi. A ƙarshe, ina so in buga biyu kalamai abin da ya:

• "Wannan - ne kawai abin da cewa yana da iyaka."
• "Ina za kan kwarara, amma ya kwarara shugabanci canje-canje."

Wannan ƙarasa gabatarwar zuwa babban likita mai suna - Erwin Schrödinger. Quotes, sama, ba da damar a bit ya bayyana ciki duniya.