Shugaban kasar Jamus Joachim Gauck

A shekarar 2012, Jamus matsayin Shugaba - shi Joachim Gauck. A lokacin yakin neman zabe ya lashe 991 kuri'u daga kasa da kasa da na yankuna mambobin majalisar, fatattakar da babban abokin adawarsa - Bute Klarsfeld (126 kuri'u).

A tsohon Lutheran fasto, himmar aiki, Gauck ba ya kasance a kowace jam'iyyar siyasa ba. An lashe high suna ga m sanarwa da ya ra'ayoyi ko da a kan al'amurran da suka shafi rigima. 80% na Jamus jama'a la'akari da shi mutumin da yake amintacce. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa Angela Merkel ta goyon baya a zaben shugaban kasar da aka Gauck, ba Kristiana Vulfa (m fuska a Jamus manufofin).

Joachim Gauck: biography

An haife shi a 1940 a birnin Rostock. Shugaban iyali, mahaifinsa kuwa a rarrabe sojan ruwa jami'in, da jirgin ya kyaftin. Bayan yakin duniya na II, ta gurguzu sun shagaltar da gabashin Jamus, inda ya rayu Gauk, juya shi a cikin Jamus Democratic Republic (gudun hijirar). A shekarar 1951, mahaifinsa aka aika zuwa Siberia ta Soviet sojojin. A shekarar 1955, ya aka yafe, kuma ya koma zuwa ga Rostock.

Joachim yara ciyar baya da "baƙin ƙarfe labule". Kuma kamar yadda ya fara tasawa fara aiki da gwamnatin daga Gabashin Jamus da kuma ra'ayoyi na gurguzanci. Ya ƙi shiga cikin sahu na Free Jamus Matasa, shiga wata kungiya cewa tsayayya da kwaminisanci. Ko jihar tsaro da 'yan sanda ( "Stasi") ya yi tunani ya himmantu da' yan tawaye da kuma jadada shi zuwa wani sake makomar mahaifinsa.

Fasto-anticommunist

Joachim Gauck aka dauke ta gwamnatin a matsayin incorrigible anti-kwaminisanci. Saboda haka, ya aka ba a yarda ya yi nazarin aikin jarida. Maimakon haka, ya yi karatu tauhidin a Jami'ar Rostock, kuma ya kasance wani fasto a cikin Ikklesiyoyin bishara Lutheran Church a Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Amma jihar tsaro mambobi ci gaba da bin shi, tun da shi yana nufin Kiristanci da tuhuma.

Bugu da kari ga post Gauck aiki a matsayin County da kuma na birni matasa fasto a Rostock.

Career da kuma juyin juya halin

A lokacin m juyin juya halin na 1989 a nan gaba shugaban kasar Jamus Joachim Gauck shiga cikin mulkin demokra jam'iyyar adawa "New Forum". A wannan kungiyar, ya nuna kansa a quite aiki, don haka da cewa baya ya zama shugaban ta.

A watan Maris shekarar 1990 aka zabe shi da jama'ar kasar bẽne, wanda ya hada kai da sauran jam'iyyun demokradiya biyu samar da "Alliance-90."

A wannan shekara bayan da ya bar jam'iyyar Joachim Gauck ya zama shugaban musamman archives na asirin 'yan sanda "Stasi". Bayan ya aka sanya wa bincika kabari na gurguzu laifuka. A wannan wuri, ya yi aiki na shekaru 10.

Tare da Jens Reich, Ulrike Poppe da uku da wasu gwagwarmaya Gauck ya zama wakilin 'yan adawa a cikin gudun hijirar. Kuma a sa'an nan ya aka bayar da mindar Theodor- Heuss.

alhakin aiki

Daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2000, Gauck a lokacin da yake aiki tare da m archives samu dubban mutanen da suka hada kai tare da "Stasi" da kuma fallasa ayyukan da 'yan adawa. A sakamakon haka, mutane da yawa sun rasa ayyukansu a cikin jama'a kansu. A 1995, Gauck aka bayar da "Tarayya Cross" na sabis don farko aji.

Bugu da kari, nan gaba kasar Joachim Gauck ya tsaya domin yancin yan Adam da kuma jaddada muhimmancin tabbatar da cewa tarihi na gurguzu a tsakiya da gabashin Turai da aka ba ɓaci ta zamanin da ta Uku Reich.

A 1998, Gauck ya buga littafin «Black Littafi na Kwaminisanci», inda ya gabatar da ra'ayi a kan National gurguzanci da kwaminisanci. Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko sa hannu na "Prague jawabi a Turai na sanin yakamata da Kwaminisanci" (2008) da kuma "jawabi a kan laifuka na gurguzu" (2010). Jamus Angela Merkel a kan ta 70-shekara da ranar tunawa da Joachim bayyana matukar godiya ga rashin aikin a cikin filin na gabatarwa da kawar da kwaminisanci da sauran siffofin totalitarianism.

canza matsayi

A shekarar 2000, Tarayyar Kwamishinan ayyukan tsaro da sabis na tsohon gudun hijirar zama Marianne Birthler. Gauck ya bar wannan wuri, kamar yadda doka ta da shi zai iya zabi wani fiye da biyu sau a cikin shekaru biyar.

A 2001, ya zama memba na Board na "Turai Kulawa Center akan wariyar launin fata da kuma kyamar baki".

A shekarar 2003, yanzu shugaban Jamus samu lambar yabo Bad Iburger Jaruntakan-Preises da musamman m ayyuka. A wannan shekara ya kuma an zabe Shugaban kungiyar "haramta wani abu wulakantacce - for dimokuradiyya."

A shekara ta 2004, Gauck ya kyautata nuni "Traces of zalunci", sadaukar da wadanda ke fama da Nazi Soja Justice a Torgau.

Wane ne shugaban Jamus?

A 2010, ya yi murabus shugaban kasar Jamus Horst Köhler na halin kirki ƙasƙanci ne ga mutane da kuma gwamnati. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa tunani ya mafi kyau shugaba saboda gaskiyarsa da kuma haƙuri.

A matsayin dan takararta a post na shugaban kasar Gauck aka zabi da jam'iyyun SPD da kuma Bündnis 90 / Mutu Grünen. Duk da haka, a zagaye na uku na zaben ya lashe firaministan kasar na Lower Saxony Kristian Vulf.

A 2012, samun 991 kuri'u, Joachim Gauck ya lashe Bute Klarsfeld da kuma zama shugaban kasar na Jamus.

musamman lokacin

"Abin da mai ban mamaki Lahadi", - ya ce da sabon zabe shugaban kasar Jamus Gauck a farkon ya gajeren jawabin bayan sanarwar sakamakon zaben. Ya nan da nan ya ce cewa ya yi niyyar mayar da hankali a kan main jigogi da al'amurran da suka shafi da suke da muhimmanci ga Turai da kuma duniya.

Kafin da harhada yan majalisar dokokin a Jamus Bundestags 23 Maris 2012 Gauck aka rantsar a.

Da nasarar da ya kasance quite faɗi. Wannan ya tabbatar da wani binciken da aka gudanar ARD talabijin tashar, wanda ya gano cewa, 80% na Jamusawa la'akari da shi a matsayin wani mutum ya cancanci dõgara.

"A wani tunanin ikon"

Shugaban kasar Jamus Joachim Gauck yana da baiwa. Ya biographer Gerd Langguth ce cewa Gauck - shi ne wanda zai iya isa cikin zuciyar kowane mutum, a jawabin da ya gabatar.

Don jaddada ta unpredictable yanayi, ya kira kansa "leftist m ra'ayin mazan jiya" ko "ra'ayin mazan jiya m hagu".

Sueddeutsche Zeitung ta bayar da hujjar cewa, da babban karfin a wa'azi. Ya kara da cewa, wani lokacin yana da wani tunanin ingancin iya zama da wuya: "Ya tunani da kalmomi da kuma wani lokacin ayyukan, yana da wuya a hango ko hasashen. Kuma shi annoys wasu mutane. "

M kalamai daga shugaban kasar na daya daga cikin mafi iko kasashe a duniya, na iya zama da karfi taguwar ruwa da tafiya mai nisa kuma iya zoba ba kawai tare da ra'ayoyi da talakawa mutane, amma kuma 'yan ƙasa na wasu jihohin. Mr. Gauck ya zama gwarzo na da yawa Jamus, amma ya iya zama gwarzo a wasu "ba Jamusawa", ma!

The main manufofin da shugaban kasar

Hakika, babban manufar da sabon shugaban kasar Jamus, kazalika da sauran 'yan siyasa, akwai da ci daga cikin jama'a zukata da kuma hakikanta zuwa gare su da cewa Jamus jihar - a kasar da cewa yana alfahari da ta high matsayi, mutunci da kuma nuna gaskiya. Bayan duk, waɗannan su ne halayen da ake yanzu da wuya gani a duniya, inda harkokin siyasa da munãfinci canjawa wuri da alhakin uwa sauransu. All taro Gauck kullum bayar da hujjar cewa hanya mafi kyau ga ci gaban da kasar - shi ne don taimaka mãsu bukãta da girmama juna da ragowa.

A halin yanzu shugaban kasar da aka ma kokarin magance hakkin-reshe ta'addanci. Wannan yana nufin cewa, ya dauki a wasu sassa na kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda yana nufin nan da nan tsiyacewa jam'iyyun siyasa da cewa mayar da hankali a kan ra'ayoyin da National gurguzanci, kwaminisanci da kyamar baki, zai iya gane doka kungiyar NPD.

Za a samar da karfi da goyon baya ga jam'iyyun siyasa a Jamus, ciki har da CDU Merkel, kuma suna da wani m tasiri a kan su aiki.

Kuma ya latest manufa ne inganta dangantakar kasa da kasa tare da wasu kasashe, ciki har da Amurka, kamar yadda na karshe shugaban kasa (Kristian Vulf) ba kai a kan wannan al'amari ba sakamakon.

kasashen waje da manufofin

A cewar da yawa siyasa masana kimiyya, Joachim Gauck ya samu dama dabara a cikin hali na Jamus kasashen waje da manufofin. A mafi muhimmanci nasara ne ya sata a baya clouding na yakin duniya na biyu, da karfi hadin gwiwa da sulhuntawa da kasa "da makwabta" Jamus ta sadaukar da Turai hadewa, abin dogara da haɗin gwiwa tare da Amurka, free cinikayya. Jamus da ke cikin ni'imar da manufar tsaro dangane da mutunta] an adam. Kuma abu mafi muhimmanci - shi ne don kula da oda da kuma kare su waje moriyar lokacin da manyan canje-canje faruwa a duniya.

Bisa ta kwarewa a inganta kare hakkin dan adam da kuma a cikin m dokar Jamus daukan m matakan don adana da kuma haifar da wani tsari dangane da doka ka'idojin na Tarayyar Turai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kungiyar tsaro ta NATO da kuma na kungiyar. Gauck aka fafitikar m gwamnatocin ba rufe tushe na jihar mulki, kuma ba kutse ta shiga a cikin kasa da kasa tsaro taro.

Personal rai

Joachim Gauck aure Gerhild Radtke Hansi a 1959, duk da ban a kan mahaifinsa. Wannan mace shi ne ya lover tun suna yara, a lokacin da ya fara ya hadu da ita a cikin shekaru goma. A shekarar 1960 da biyu yana da farko yaro - ɗa, Kirista. A shekarar 1962, Martin da aka haife shi a shekarar 1966 - da ya Gesine da Katharina - a 1979. A karshen shekarar 1980, Kirista, Martin kuma Gesine iya barin Gabas Jamus kuma suka yi hijira zuwa Jamus. Duk da yake Katharina, kamar yadda wani yaro, ya zauna tare da iyayena.

Yara Gauck hõre karfi da nuna bambanci da kuma aka ƙaryata game da hakkin ya sami ilimi a kan wani ɓangare na kwaminisanci tsarin mulki, saboda ubansu ya kasance wani fasto. Dan Kirista a 1987 ya bar Jamus da kuma koma West Germany don nazarin magani. A sakamakon haka, ya zama sana'a likita.

A shekarar 1990, Joachim da dama a cikin soyayya da wani dan jarida Helga Hirsch - Warsaw wakilinmu ga mako-mako mutu Zeit. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin da ya saki matarsa daga Gerhild. Shekaru takwas daga baya, Helga bar tare da Gauk, amma ba gaba daya tafi daga ransa - shi ne aikin Tarayya shugaban shawara.

A halin yanzu Gauck zaune tare da Danielloy Shadt. Ta iyali ke tsunduma a samar da paints da varnishes, ta yanke hukuncin karatu a Frankfurt / Main aikin jarida. Sai ya fara aiki da shugaban sashen harkokin cikin «Nürnberger Zeitung». Tare da nan gaba shugaban kasar Jamus, ta hadu a 2000 a wata lacca a Nuremberg.

Bayan da ya aure Schadt ya ba har ta aiki a cikin jaridar da koma wa mijinta a Berlin. Ta cikakken goyon bayan da mijinta a aikata kula da harkokin siyasa da kuma hannun jari da farin ciki - ya zama kakan ga goma sha biyu jikoki da hudu mai girma-jikoki.

Rungumar, za mu iya cewa mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa wani tunanin Joachim Gauck (photo gabatar sama tabbatar da shi) ne a halin kirki dalĩli ga dukkan Jamus. Rating "tsohon DiSSiDENT" an girma - shi ne ga Jamus jama'a mafi m adadi fiye da Kristian Vulf. Shi ne wani adadi wanda aka hankali alaka da m juyin juya halin a gudun hijirar. Gauck da saƙon da ban da tsoro ya yi yaƙi domin ya gaskata, ko da yaushe yana magana daga zuciya, da kuma abin da ya bai wa jihohi, ba za su manta da 'yan kasarta.

Saboda haka, yanzu mun san wanda shugaban Jamus - mai Lutheran fasto, anticommunist fafutuka, kuma sosai irin mutum. Jamus jama'a ba a banza dauke shi mutum ya cancanci dõgara. Ya yi shekaru da dama da kwarewa zai taimake shi wajen cimma burin abin iko kasar, Jamus ta zama mafi kyau.