Steam engine - da sabuwar dabara na baya tare da mai alamar gaba

Duk wanda ya san zuciyar kowane abin hawa ne a mota. Kuma mafi zamani motocin ake powered by ciki konewa injuna. Amma duk da wadannan dukiyoyi injuna ne jikoki ko mai-jikoki daga naúrar, kamar yadda tururi engine. Yana fara da sabuwar dabara na Thomas seyver. Ya a shekarar 1689 gina farko tururi inji, wanda buga da rawar da famfo. Da taimakon pumped ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa shaft. A zane na wannan mota da aka quite sauki. A wannan famfo tururi aka takaice, kuma ya jũya zuwa wani karamin yawan ruwa. Wannan yarda mana mu ƙirƙirar m injin cikinsu, ta hanyar abin da ruwa ne suctioned kashe daga tushe na shaft.

Amma da sabuwar dabara Seiver ne kawai mataki na farko a cikin wani dogon hanyar ci gaban tururi injuna. Kuma ko da a gaban biyu da rabi na 18th karni a "tafi" su ne kawai ruwa injuna. Suna amfani ga samar da dalilai, wato, a cikin masana'antu. Sun kasance sũ ne sosai ƙato da kuma tsada na'urorin. A cikin wadannan inji motsi daukar kwayar cutar daga waterwheel. Don yin wannan, suna da gina wani factory a kan bankunan na koguna, da kuma shi ne, ba ko da yaushe m. Bugu da kari ga ruwa da engine ne a guje da nagarta sosai, shi ya wajaba a gina dams, tafkunan rike, a takaice yi mai yawa shiri aiki. Kuma da ikon irin raka'a ne ba ko da yaushe isa ga bukatun samar. Kuma a cikin hunturu, ko fari, suka duka "mutu". Irin wannan halin da ake ciki ba zai iya ci gaba da na dogon lokaci. Kuma tururi injuna fara a lokacin shi ne "engine na ci gaba."

Kuma wani babban taimako ga wannan sanya Tomas Nyukomen, wanda a 1712 ƙirƙira da fistan famfo. Wannan naúrar aka kore ta tururi. Kuma a cikin 60s na 18th karni, James Watt kammalã da zane na wannan naúra da kuma haifar da wani da ya fi dacewa da tururi engine. Ya firtsi ya samu da aikace-aikace a wurin aiki. Tare da irin wannan engine sarrafa inji kayayyakin aiki, a masana'antu da cewa lokaci. A farko tururi inji mai farfela bayyana a cikin marigayi 19th karni, a 1883. Yana da aka halitta da Swede Gustav Laval. A Banasare Charles Parson samu lamban kira ga sabuwar dabara na Multi-mataki dauki injin turbin, ya ɓullo da musamman don kunna wutar lantarki janareta. Kuma wannan injin turbin an yi amfani da ko'ina a thermal ikon shuke-shuke.

Steam turbines ake amfani a yanzu. Sun karkatar da magana, da ikon janareto da kuma manyan jirãge sukurori. Wadannan turbines thermal makamashi ne tuba a cikin rotational motsi. Kuma za su iya aiki kamar na al'ada man fetur (man fetur da man fetur) da kuma daga makaman nukiliya reactor. A tururi engine na'urar bambanta dan kadan daga cikin injin turbin naúrar. Ya kuma aiki a kan wani biyu, wanda aka samu da dumama ruwa. Kuma wannan biyu motsa pistons, wanda aka shirya a cikin cylinders. Wadannan pistons haifar da wani reciprocating motsi. A musamman inji An riga an mayar da shi a cikin wani Rotary motsi. Kuma irin wannan fistan injuna ne a kan locomotives.

A lokacin, kokarin gabatar da wani tururi engine da kuma hanya kai. Tun lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin 50s na karshe karni mu ɓullo da wani musamman "omnivorous" model na Nasara. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a cikin postwar Union da matsaloli tare da makamashi. Kuma kamar yadda Soviet injiniyoyi yanke shawarar amfani da tururi ruwa-tube tukunyar jirgi. Sa'an nan wannan tukunyar jirgi ne mafi m tururi engine. Tare da shi zai iya samun wani high zafi kau daga aiki surface, game da shi, samar da matsa lamba ga 170 kg / cm2, kuma ba tare da hatsarin fashewa da tukunyar jirgi. Wadannan raka'a da wasu drawbacks. Amma Soviet kwararru su dõge.

Kuma a farkon 1956 a wani matukin jirgi shuka a Cibiyar 21 shirya na farko hudu irin wannan inji. A cikin bazara na wannan shekara, wadannan motoci halarci kamanta haduwa, da nufin - don gane da amfani ko rashin amfani da wadannan model. Wannan gudu ya samu halartar gargajiya model na Nasara. Kuma a cikin tsari da tururi engine gwaje-gwaje sun nuna kanta a da mafi kyau. A lokacin gangamin da man fetur amfani ga jinsuna daban. Wannan man shale, kwal, peat, da kuma danyen man fetur. Har ila yau, da mota aiki da kyau a kan wannan man fetur kamar yadda man fetur da man fetur, kananzir, fetur, Birch itace, sharar gida man fetur da kuma barasa garwayayye. Duk da haka, shirye-shiryen da farko na mota daukan up to 35 da minti. Amma shi yana da mafi girma permeability a kashe-hanya yanayi. wadannan gwaje-gwaje sun sosai nasara, amma nan da nan da rikicin makamashi ne a kan, kuma wannan ci gaban ba samu shiga samarwa. Kuma a cikin lokaci, a lokacin da tare da samar da makamashi a sake zama m, shi yana iya zama dole don sake hali da tururi engine.