Stock Exchange - menene wannan? Ayyuka da kuma 'yan jari

A mafi zamani jihohin aiki stock mu'amala tare da wata kasuwar tattalin arzikin. The ayyuka na dacewa da kudi cibiyoyin ya shafi yin da yawa muhimmancin da kasa tattalin arzikin ayyuka. Abin da suke? Menene babban ka'idodinta ciniki a kan dacewa da kasuwanni?

Mene ne Stock Exchange?

Stock Exchange - An bisa ga kowa definition, musamman kungiyoyin dauke da fitar ayyukan domin ciniki na daban-daban Securities. Ya tabbatar da doka da amincewar da ma'amaloli, a wasu lokuta - da tsare sirri na 'yan kasuwa da kuma sauran kasuwar' yan wasa, bayar da biya zuwa izini mutane wadanda ko wasu diyya bayar ga masu tayi daban-daban kayan sayarwa da kuma sayan Securities.

Stock Exchange - shi ne wani muhimmin sifa da wani zamani kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Yana da damar kamfanoni don jawo hankalin masu zuba jari 'kudi ta hanyar da jeri na hannun jari a cikin free wurare dabam dabam, da kuma kara haka da kansa capitalization.

A tarihin na zargin stock mu'amala

Zai zama da amfani, don su bincika yadda akwai stock mu'amala. A tarihin abin da ya faru na dacewa da kudi cibiyoyin fara, bisa ga zamani malaman, daga 16th karni. Sa'an nan na farko kayayyaki mu'amala sun bayyana a manyan Turai ciniki birane. A 1531 - a Antwerp, a 1549-mita - a Toulouse, a 1556 - a London. Duk da haka, da ya dace format na kudi dangantakar ba nan da nan ya zama m, kuma wadannan mu'amala da aka rufe don dalilai daban-daban.

Duk da haka, tuni a 1611 a Amsterdam bude wani sabon kasuwar, wanda har yanzu aiki. Yana da farko da za'ayi cinikai, a dukiya, amma a kan lokaci batun ma'amaloli a kan stock musayar kuma Securities fara. Da farko, a gaskiya, da kasuwar jari ya zama mai dacewa kungiyar a London, kafa a 1773. A 1792, da irin wannan tsarin da aka kafa a New York.

History of stock mu'amala a Rasha

Yana iya lura cewa kishiya images of stock mu'amala a Rasha ta bayyana a cikin kwanaki na Bitrus I. A 1789, wani hukuncin da aka bayar Catherine II, amince da shirin ginin Gostiny Dvor a Moscow, a da aiki ya kamata ya shirya musayar. Amma a gaskiya, wannan kudi ma'aikata da aka aikata kawai bayan da yaki na 1812. By cewa lokaci, masana tarihi ce, shi ya riga ya buɗe, musamman, da Odessa kasuwar - a 1796. A cikin karni na 19th, da ya dace format na kudi dangantakar an rayayye tasowa a Rasha.

By 1917 akwai game da 115 mu'amala a Rasha Empire. Duk da haka, da juyin juya halin da kuma m events sun wuya da yiwuwa ga ci gaban da rabi. Exchange gudana a lokacin da NEP, duk da haka, su aiki da aka katse a 1930. Tanadi mu'amala institute a Rasha ne kawai bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Yanzu a Rasha akwai dama manyan stock mu'amala. Daga cikin shahararrun - da RTS da MICEX. Su ma'aikata saboda gaskiyar cewa stock musayar - shi ne, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, wani muhimmanci sifa a kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Kamar yadda na kasa tattalin arzikin na Rasha Federation fara sake gina daga gurguzu zuwa jari hujja model, shi ya za'ayi da kafa dace kudi cibiyoyin.

More daki-daki, abin da aka bayyana, muhimmancin stock mu'amala ga tattalin arzikin kasar, za mu iya gani a cikin bangare na ayyuka da cewa su yi.

The ayyuka na mu'amala a jihar tattalin arzikin

Modern masana sun gano wadannan jerin su.

Da farko, da kasuwar jari ayyuka - shi ne jari na da muhimmanci yawa na babban birnin kasar a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki. Wannan wani zaɓi sun fi mayar da rinjayar da zuba jari kyawawa na kamfanonin da ke aiki a jihar. Duk da haka, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa capitalization na stock kasuwanni ba ko da yaushe danganta wa] annan tare da muhimmancin GDP. Mahalarta taron na stock musayar - shi ne yan kasuwa da kuma 'yan kasuwa da suke da hannu a cikin gwanjo, na farko, kokarin aikatãwa wani abu domin kansu. Duk da haka, da saye da wadanda ko wasu kudi albarkatun iya zama wani factor a cikin reinvestment a cikin kasuwanci, da kuma wannan, bi da bi, za a iya gaskiya ma shafi na GDP na jihar.

Na biyu, da kasuwar jari - wannan kasuwar, inda muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da waje masu zuba jari. Saboda haka, ya dace kudi cibiyoyin ne na bayar da muhimmanci daga ra'ayi na kasa da kasa da tattalin arziki da ayyukan da ke jihar. Manuniya Statistics RZB da stock mu'amala - shi ne, a wasu lokuta, muhimmanci tattalin arziki Manuniya ga kasashen waje abokan.

Uku, da stock mu'amala - ne yawanci manya-manyan kungiyoyi da cewa samar da duka sana'a al'umma na yan kasuwa. Members na stock musayar - yana da ba kawai da kamfanonin sayar da hannun jari, da waɗanda za su iya zama, bisa manufa, da kuma talakawa} wanda ya sami dama ga zama dole kudi kayan aiki domin sayan da kuma sayar da Securities. Saboda haka, kudi cibiyoyin suna kyan gani, kamar yadda socializing da kuma hanya yanayi da cikar mutane kayan aiki ga aiki.

A tsarin da stock musayar

Yanzu mun san cewa kasuwar jari - yana da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin jihar kudi ma'aikata. Bari yanzu mu bincika abin da ƙayyadaddu daga abin da yake da tsarin da kuma abin da su ne babban matakai suna da za'ayi a cikin shakka daga ciniki. Stock Exchange - wani wuri inda za'ayi da saya da kuma sayar da Securities - kagaggun free hannun jari bayar da wani kanmu ko ga jama'a kamfanin.

Quotes da fihirisa

Bisa yadda abubuwa suna faruwa a kasuwa a matsayin dukan ko a cikin wani musamman kasuwanci, musamman, ake harhada quotes da dacewa hannun jari. A cikin duka, suka asusu domin a kasuwar jari index. Shi ne, a gaskiya, jimlar index darajar da Securities, ya jũya a kan dace ciniki dandamali. Wannan index aka kafa, a matsayin mai mulkin, da most issuers na hannun jari, da kuma saboda shi dogara ne a kan wani mai saka jari zai iya tantance yadda abubuwa suna faruwa a cikin wani musamman bangaren na kasa tattalin arzikin ko dukan tattalin arzikin matsayin dukan.

Abin da matsaloli ake warware ta shirya na musayar?

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, hannun jari ba ko da yaushe danganta wa] annan tare da GDP, amma ba za su iya ba da shiriya a kan ci gaban da za ta dace macroeconomic Manuniya. Saboda haka, shirye-shiryen da zance jerin a kan Stock Exchange - shi ne ba aiki mai sauki financiers wanda ya kamata, a hannu daya, domin sanin a kan tushen da haƙiƙa sharudda, cikin jerin daga cikin mafi girma a kamfanoni a kan wasu - don tabbatar da representativeness na kasancewarsu a cikin index na musayar. ciniki ayyukan kwararru iya haka ne za a shiryar da matsayin kasashen duniya na da halaye, da kuma zuwa ga waɗanda suke yin tunãni cewa kasa specificities na yau da ma'amaloli.

Shirin zanen zance jerin a kan Stock Exchange - ba kawai gagarumin aiki financiers, shirya dacewa cinikai. Su kuma a tabbatar da cikakken amincewar da ma'amaloli, daidai jeri na hannun jari, tsabar kudi shigar da fitarwa cikin sharuddan kasa da kasa da kuma kasa dokokin a filin na kudi. Saboda haka, kungiyar na jama'a ciniki a Securities unshi da hannu na wadannan babban 'yan wasa: da hannun jari na issuers, yan kasuwa, financiers, constituting zance lists, kazalika da tabbatar da halaccinta daga cikin ma'amaloli a kan sayar da Securities.

Principles of ciniki a kan Stock Exchange

Bari yanzu mu bincika abin da tushen da ka'idojin da sanya ciniki a kan dacewa shafukan. Stock Exchange - a kasuwar, albeit da ɗan sarrafa. Wannan shi ne, farashin daga waɗanda kayayyakin da suke da samuwa a kan shi - a cikin wannan harka, da Securities na kamfanonin - yana da za'ayi a kan tushen da wadata da kuma bukatar da a kan dacewa dukiya. Wasu administrative tsari na farashin a kan stock musayar aka ba su aikata. Kamfanin ya sami asali da hannun jari a kasuwar tare da niyya don jawo hankalin masu zuba jari, na farko, nasu nasarori a cikin ginin da kasuwanci model.

Stock Exchange - ne tsari kasuwar, wanda ayyuka bisa ga wasu sharudda da ka'idoji. Domin samun to shi, kamfanin bayarwa da hannun jari dole ne hadu da wani yawan sharudda, kazalika da sauran kamfanonin, ajiye Securities a kan Game da mu'amala. Hakazalika, kafa norms dole ne bi da kuma yan kasuwa.

Gaskiya, a matsayin key sifa ciniki

Duk da haka, da dacewa kudi cibiyoyin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kokarin zama kamar bude kamar yadda zai yiwu ga masu zuba jari. A musamman - ga waɗanda suka yi a kasashen waje. International Stock Exchange - daya daga cikin mafi tasiri kudi kida domin kiwon babban birnin kasar a jihar. Saboda haka, ta kafa kokarin ba ma ba komai haqqinsa samun ciniki na kasashen.

Game da shi kara da ambato a kan stock mu'amala?

A gaba al'amari da cewa zai zama da amfani a la'akari - cewa, game da shi, da tabbatar da ci gaban da ambato na hannun jari na kamfanin, ba a kasuwa. Sama mu lura da cewa, wadannan cibiyoyin kudin ne gaba ɗaya kasuwar Tsarin, kusan gusar da rinjayar administrative dalilai a kan farashin inji. Stock Exchange index - gwargwado cewa nuna jari ta sha'awa a cikin jeri na kudi a hannun jari na wasu kamfanoni, maimakon wani. Amma yadda treydet kayyade ko da zuba jari ne m? Kuma a wani matsayi, ya yanke shawarar da ya sayar da hannun jari ya samu?

Yana taka rawar da wani babban yawan abubuwan.

Da fari dai, an ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi da aka buga data on jihar na kasuwanci hannun jari na bayarwa kamfanin. Wannan na iya zama kudi kalamai, sakamakon audits, hikimar tantance articles, game da kima da tasiri na kasuwanci model na kamfanin.

Abu na biyu, mai matukar muhimmanci alama ga ciniki - da macroeconomic Manuniya. Idan zuba jari ga cewa halin da ake ciki a kasa da tattalin arzikin kasar a cikin abin da ayyuka na bayarwa kamfanin, da nisa daga manufa - ya iya shirya ya sayar da hannun jari na duk ko mafi jihar kamfanoni.

Na uku, wani gagarumin al'amari na yanke shawara na ciniki ya saya ko sayar Securities - siyasa halin da ake ciki a wannan ko wancan yankin. The canji na iko a jihar, ko bayyanar da tashin hankali a cikin dangantakar da makwabtanta - wani factor cewa saka jari na iya samun gyaggyarawa ta kima na masu yiwuwa na zuba jari a hannun jari na kamfanoni da ke aiki a wani musamman kasar.

Mene ne dalili ga yan kasuwa da kuma issuers a kan stock musayar?

Bari mu yi nazarin wani bangare na stock mu'amala - motivational. A gaskiya, abin da kaimin da bayarwa da kamfanoni da 'yan kasuwa da ke neman tafiyar da Securities ciniki? The ayyuka na stock musayar - shi ne, a sama da dukan, kungiyar na istinbadi hulda da zuba jari - da mutum yake neman don adana da kuma kara da babban birnin kasar, da kuma kasuwanci da sha'anin, wanda, bi da bi, yana so ya kara da lokacinta, ci gaba sabon masana'antu, don samar da iri fitarwa a kasa da kuma kasuwanni waje. Bangarorin biyu, ba shakka, da farko sha'awar riba, kuma wannan shi ne babban dalili.

ko stock kasuwanni ne shari'a?

Daga cikin yan kasuwa na kowa ra'ayi cewa kasuwar jari - shi ne mai zamba, da kuma ma'amaloli a kan sayar da Securities ne da wuya m. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da shirya na ciniki a Securities, da farko, samar da quite cikakken halaccinta daga cikin alaka ma'amaloli, ba da ya dace sunadaran da mafi girma zai yiwu nuna gaskiya. Saboda haka, don magana game da rikici a nan ba dole ba ne, amma ka tabbata shi ne sau da yawa m na kawai wani m ciniki. Wannan ta zuba jari da kudi a Securities, shi ne sanin cewa a cikin hali na rage yiwu asarar ambato. Kazalika da zargin palpable riba idan kamfanin sayi hannun jari da tashi a darajar.