SU-24 m halaye (photo)

Da wuya wani jirgin saman hõre mafi m zane canje-canje a cikin zane tsari fiye da Su-24. A halaye na wannan gaban-line m abokin ciniki (Ma'aikatar tsaron) ne kullum bukaci mafi girma da kuma mafi girma, kuma jirgin sama zanen kaya ya yi ta maimaita sake duba ba kawai zaman kansa fasaha mafita, amma kuma da sauran na ra'ayi tsarin. A sakamakon wuce tsammanin: da na'urar ya juya a kan ɗaukakarsa, da kuma, sun wuce ransa, da ke cikin bukatar ko da a cikin na uku karni.

A tsarki babbar sha'awa

dukan duniya da ke a cikin riko da "ciwon iska makami mai linzami" A hamsin hamsin. Soja theorists zaton jirgin sama kamar yadda tasiri ƙarfi, idan ba gaba daya rabu amfani, sa'an nan lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, a kalla, suka rasa muhimmancin da zamani a yaƙi. A cikin wadannan karshe cikakken mayar da hankali da kuma kai hari da jirgin sama. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne ƙarfin hali ƙwarai ra'ayi ba shared da duk, da kuma kai hari da jirgin sama ci gaba ne har yanzu faruwa. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na kasafin kudin tanadi CB PO Sukhoi aka tsunduma a cikin karbuwa sosai nasara Su-7 zuwa ba shi da ikon na fama manufa domin tallafawa sojojin ƙasa a m yanayin yanayi. A gaskiya, da shi da sunan aikin a kan gyara daga cikin ma'aikatan da gaske halitta quite wani sabon mota, da kuma version a kan kyautata na haihuwa da aka kirkiro domin jam'iyyar jami'an don gabatar "techies" ta janar line. Mun gani daban-daban zabin ga layout, shan la'akari da yiwuwar ajiye hadaddun lantarki, ba tare da wanda zamani hari ba zai iya zama wani karaya da karfi.

m search

A sakamakon m azãba zama na farko Su-15, sanye take da "Orion" duk-weather kewayawa tsarin. Amma soja bukatun zama tougher, da suka yanzu ya kai farmaki da jirgin sama zai iya daukar kashe daga wani datti tsiri, kuma short. Optimizing ci gaba a yi da aka kara ƙarin injuna, dagawa da jirgin sama ya dauki kashe. Amma ba cewa. OS Samoylovich, Project Manager, ruxani a kan ƙuduri na rebus. A ra'ayi zo, Oddly isa, daga wani m maƙiyi.

Shi ne a cikin shekarar 1964, Khrushchev kwanan cire, da kuma sababbin shugabannin tunani ne ba haka romantic, amma hadin. Zayyana jirage sake samu cikakken kudade. Samoylovich Designer tashi zuwa Paris a kan Aerospace Nunin. Ya ga wani abu mai ban sha'awa.

An American a Paris

Su duba sosai kama - Amirka F-111 da kuma mu SU-24. Photo, halaye da kuma fama damar, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, da manufar wadannan biyu jirage ne sosai kusa. A wata hanya, Samoylovich sanya wani kai tsaye wajen samo daga cikin janar layout makirci, duk da haka, shi ne quite wajaba a kansa. Kamfanin "General kuzarin kawo cikas" shi ne girman kai ga sa zũriyarsu a duniya show a Le Bourget. Dubi cikin jirgin sama zai iya Kowa amma manyan zanen hesitated zo kusa da shi. Sa'an nan ya ɗauki "Fed" kuma a wannan lokacin gane abin da Su-24. Photo F-111 jirgin sama a Moscow dauke sosai a hankali, injiniyoyi ganin darajarsa hammayarsu fasaha da kuma sharhi a kan abin da ya gani ba.

Hakika, da cewa da zane na "sata" daga Amirka, da kuma na iya zama babu tambaya. Asirin kamfanin "General kuzarin kawo cikas" za a iya adana, kuma idan Soviets da damar yin amfani da shi, to, shi ya faru da yawa daga baya. A halin yanzu OS Samoylovich isa kuma bayyanar. A irin haka ne, ya rubuta a kan zane, da Romawa, "kyawawan wayo."

janar Schematic

Ƙarin hoisting injuna, Munã rage gudu-kashe na'ura tare da, an gane da yanke shawara ba daidai ba. Sun yi aiki ne kawai a farkon 'yan seconds da ya kamata gudanar da jirgin sama duk lokaci. Wani abu - da m share reshe, anfanin ta za a iya jin dadin a lokacin da wani fama manufa, ta hanyar mayar da kai hari a daban-daban gudun halaye.

Duk da haka, akwai wasu matsaloli da makamai, wanda zai kawo wani waje kaya na Su-24. M atomatik da shugabantar da pylons makamai masu linzami da kuma bama-bamai a layi daya ga vector daga cikin shakka - shi ake bukata musamman yabo electromechanical tsarin. Fili daki domin biyu antennas radar kunna iko BREA wuri, wanda ba a baya model na jirgin sama, don tallafa frontline Sukhoi. Amma babban wahala ya zo.

nastilnyj jirgin

Nada dabara m ne da raunata lalacewa a kan abokan gaba a cikin wani m (har zuwa 800 km), kusa da gaba. Don aiwatar da wannan aiki, kana bukatar ka da fasaha ikon shawo iska tsaro kan iyakokin, wanda idan shi zai takaice kawo matsakaicin juriya. A sittin da radars kasance ba a matsayin cikakken matsayin shi ne a yau, da kuma manufar low-matakin "gani" ba ko da yaushe haka al'amarin. Haka ya shafi Airborne radars cewa ba zai iya bambanta abubuwa a kan bango na duniya. American F-111 ya tashi a musamman low tsawo, skirting da ƙasa. Wannan ne haƙiƙa kafa domin Su-24 zanen kaya. Features high gudun ba rage, ya bukaci a wasu "supersonic" ko da a lokacin da dabbõbin jirgin.

kula da lafiya cikas enveloping tsarin aiki a biyu halaye - manual da kuma atomatik. Idan akai la'akari da elemental tushe 60 (zai fi dacewa fitilu) ya zauna kawai yaba da wannan nasara.

Fuel amfani da fama radius

A wadanda farkon shekaru, da batun man fetur tattalin arzikin sorely tsaya. Duk da haka, kananzir amfani ya rinjayi mai da muhimmanci sosai nuna alama - zangon. Don kara da shi, da ake buƙata a neman sauyi bayani - miƙa mulki ga m kewaye injuna. A afterburner yanayin, sun ɓullo da kasa dirka fiye da na al'ada Turbojet, amma, kamar yadda kwarewa ya nuna, dabara m yiwuwar wani kaifi karuwa a gudun kusan ba da ake bukata. Zayyana musamman mota da aka tsunduma Design ofishin Cradles da Tumansky ( "Saturn"). Suna nufi musamman domin a cikin Su-24. Fama da jirgin sama kewayon ƙara muhimmanci - shi ya wuce ɗari biyar kilomita.

Zauna gefe da gefe ...

Kusan duk da dabara kai harin da kuma kai hari da jirgin sama daga yakin duniya na biyu da kuma wadannan shekaru sun kasance jummai layout na ƙungiya. Shuka pilot, navigator ko sadarwarka tsarin makamai m prompted zanen kaya marmari don rage fuselage giciye-sashe. Saboda haka rage nata irin ja. Bugu da ƙari, na yi da darajar da manufar da size, cikin sharuddan anti-aircraft manyan bindigogi, tare da frontal hari. Real wahayi ya jeri na biyu ma'aikatan jirgin gaba da juna, a Amirka, F-111. Wannan makirci OS Samoylovich yanke shawarar neman takardun da Su-24. Gida photo nuna gaban na kula da rike da co-direba, da yake shi ne da ɗan kasa da matukin jirgin ta. Safety sharudda shibta musamman allon cewa rabu a lokacin ejection wurin zama, amma daga baya ya juya daga cewa hadarin rauni matukin bar a cikin jirgin sama ne kadan. A musayar bayanai tsakanin matukin jirgin da kuma navigator ne sosai kuranye, akwai wani "ji na comradeship".

Engine da titanium gobara

A bayani dalla-dalla Su-24 muhimmanci shafar engine zabi. A farko kofe aka kammala "samfurin lambar 85," ie, amsawa injin turbin AL-21F, a cikin kwampreso aka yi amfani da titanium sassa. Wannan abu ne sosai m da kuma sauki, amma zane na engine zanen kaya sun gani ba, da wasu daga da fasali. Da dumama da injin turbin ruwan wukake take kaiwa zuwa su elongation, sa'an nan ta shãfe su gefe gefuna da gidaje. Wannan sabon abu, da ake kira "titanium wuta", sakamakon a kusan instantaneous konewa na dukan da jirgin sama, da kuma gano hanyar da aka ba nan da nan ya bayyana.

A ƙarshe, bayan da dama yunkurin daidaita da sauran samar engine, KB ya yanke shawarar lafiya-kunna daga cikin AL-21F, wanda shi ne a halin yanzu a amfani.

fitina

A farko jirgin na samfur, samun index T6-1, a 1967, ya tashe da Test Pilot Ilyushin BC, ɗan shahararren jirgin sama zanen. A gwajin da aka ci nasara, amma a cikin shakka daga inganta zama na fili tsanani tsarin lahani. Da gwaje-gwaje sun dade da wuya a gare su lokacin fado goma motoci (7 na su - saboda engine ci gaba da kurakurai). Kawai domin wata rana a cikin shekarar 1973 (Agusta 28) KB rasa biyu prototypes. Zai yiwu idan aikin ne kasa muhimmanci ga tsaron kasar, da shi za a rufe bayan haka da yawa kasawa. Amma OS Samoylovich yi ĩmãni da Su-24, da halaye na wanda ya yi alkawarin zama da kyau kwarai. Kuma da gwaji ci gaba da aiki don cire gano tsarin kasawa.

Shock bam ikon

Bomb bay, kamar yadda tsayayya da American F-111, da jirgin sama ne ba sanye take da duk irin kayan da ake located a kan takwas pylons, hudu daga wanda - ventral. Biyu iko injuna samar da wata damar kawo al'ada da kuma musamman (nukiliya ko sunadarai) tarin harsasai, ciki har da babban iko. Saboda haka, dakatar a kan wani ajali na da reshe ake nufi don bama-bamai da yin la'akari da rabin ton. Bambancin yanayin da Su-24 makamai. Fama kaya yin la'akari har zuwa takwas ton iya kunshi unguided ragargaza ko correctable (ciki har da Laser-shiryar), Nar tubalan, kwantena ko fayafayan. Don rike da irin wannan fadi da kewayon, da pylons suna sanye take da adaftan da kuma ƙarin bim. Amma ba kawai bama-bamai iya buge da Su-24 m cewa za a iya kira da kuma submarines.

da makamai masu linzami

Matsalar suppressing maƙiyi iska defenses m inseparably nasaba da ganewa da kuma lalata radar tashoshin da fari - antennas emitters-karba. A Amirka, anti-radar da makamai masu linzami "Shpayk" (1963) da aka tsara don wannan manufa, wanda shiriya tsarin da aka mayar da hankali a kan m high-mita radar radiation. A irin wannan makami mai linzami X-28 da aka tsara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - domin kammala jirgin sama da makamai da tsarin da Su-24. Fama capabilities wannan munition mafi yadu bayyana a sa su guda biyu watsi biyu m, na farko "ƙare" locators "feline" tsarin, da kuma na biyu shafi kai tsaye wuce, riga sanin sigogi na m mita emitters. Shiryar da makamai masu linzami da X-23 jawo rediyo umurnin wajen.

Akwai da yawa bambance-bambancen karatu da makamai masu linzami Su-24. Photography jirgin sama sanye take da fayafayan Nursaya ko makami mai linzami P-60 ( "iska-to-air"), nuna versatility na yiwu aikace-aikace m, ciki har da da Airborne hari. Cikakken interceptor shi, ba shakka, ba za a iya mai suna, amma kuma defenseless dauke ba zai yiwu ba a cikin sama.

Kada ka manta game da zanen kaya da kuma manyan bindigogi da makamai. SU-24, sanye take da 23-millimeter-sextuple GSh 6-23M (gina-in). Yana yiwuwa a kara da aiki firepower ta kafa da dakatar da m-gun firam (uku mafi) a waje nodes suspensions.

A samfurin ne "44"

Duk wani nasara inji aka ƙaddara ga wani dogon rai, bi da yunkurin inganta ta zane. Haka ya faru tare da Su-24 jirgin sama. Halaye na shi cikin sharuddan da shugabannin ma'aikatar tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet, sun kasance a bukatar gyara. Musamman dacewa ne da matsaloli na inganta avionics da ikon kara da taro na dangi. A sabon canji, wanda a Novosibirsk sufurin jiragen sama Shuka a 1979 da ake kira "samfurin 44", a 1981, ya fara daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin soja raka'a karkashin code na Su-24M. Hukumance, da samfurin da aka saka a cikin sabis a 1983. Shi ne mutum fiye da samfur, amma a kan bango na raguwa a cikin jirgin data riƙe gagarumin sirri hali na wani "m" Su-24. Features ba ka damar yi ko da aerobatics, cewa gaba-line m rare quality.

An muhimmanci bidi'a ya na da damar, kuma a-jirgin MOTA KE SHAN MAI. Don ta matukan jirgi ya zuwa samun amfani da farkon eighties, bayan aiki da santsi dabara na tsarin kula da mazugi tiyo jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur, amma sakamakon tabbatar da} o} arin. A radius na fama amfani a yanzu rufe dukan Turai (a lokacin takeoff daga WGF Airfield) da kuma da yawa daga Asiya.

Su-24 da kuma sabon karni

Kuma a farkon na uku Millennium, kome nuna cewa nan da sannu za ta je "da suka cancanta sauran," Su-24. Halaye shi ne irin abin da fama manufa, ya iya, lalle yi shekaru da yawa. Ya na da damar yin wasu yãƙi a dama rikice-rikice da ya tashi bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. A jirgin sama yana mai karko airframe, mai iko injuna da kuma fadi da arsenal. A tsawon mita 200, ya iya tashi a gudu of har zuwa 1400 km / h. SU-24 sanye take da wani musamman ceto matukan jirgin nufi. Ya za har yanzu suna bauta wa gida kasar.