The fi sauri submarine a duniya. ayyukan submarines

Shock - yana da mu hanya! A taron ya faru a shekara ta 1971, a cikin kaka. Soviet nukiliya submarine (dabara yawan K-162, "Anchar" Project 661) tare da wani karfi kamar yadda makamai, titanium jiki kusa da tsananin "Saratoga" jirgin ruwa. 6 yajin jirgin sama m na Amurka Navy ya shirya don yaga sako-sako da. Duk da haka, wani sabon abu racer sauƙi kauce masa mu'ujiza na waje sojan ruwa kayan aiki, da nuna fuskarsa. "Lagging bayan" The tawagar da aka gigice a wani mamaki gudun damar. Kawai zauna "prude" fi sauri submarine! Ba ta kasance ba, kuma ba ta daidaita a duniya. Duk da haka, a shafukan na Guinness Littafi na shi - ba wata kalma. Soja m iya tsayawa ba talla.

Ka kwanta, ba za ka bar!

Unrivaled girman kai Amurka jirgin na "Lexington" zo daga Rum zuwa Atlantic tashar jiragen ruwa na Miami, da wuri na dindindin tayin. Nan da waje seamen gani: a cikin zurfin su gumãkan babbar "Whale" - da submarine, da girma daga waxanda suke daga jinsin da girman da gidan a hudu benaye. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, ba shi yiwuwa a kubuta: zurfin jirgin ruwan for hours effortlessly ta kãma m, wanda ya tattara 30 kullin (55.56 km / h). Wannan ya ba abin mamaki ba: "Anchar" (K-162) raya 44.7 kullin (80.4 km / h).

Isa ikon kawai daya injin turbin, kurtu da kuma kula da dama gudun. The fi sauri submarine, yawo a matsayin mota a kan hanya, a kan duniyarmu yi wannan, kawai aka iske ba. Rikice girma kallo. Karaya "Old Lady" (daya daga cikin sunayen laƙabi da "Saratoga") duba da cikakken m. A Soviet dabara kai tsaye a kan makiya idanu nuna cikakkar duniya rikodin gudun karkashin ruwa motsi. Kuma ya ba na Amurka da kuma kasar a wadda bisa ga wasu, tafiya tituna bears.

mai kyau amsar

Ƙyalli shaidu ba zai iya fahimtar: yadda za a iya a Rasha "iyo rounders" amfani da epithet "ban mamaki gudun", "ya fi sauri"? "Submarine babu mai sanyaya"? Haka ne, ba abin mamaki da suka ce: mafi alhẽri yi ĩmãni, kuma a yaudare fiye da da za a yaudare ku, ya ba su yi ĩmãni da shi. Sai dai itace cewa ko da kamar yadda zai yiwu! An sani cewa a watan Maris na shekarar 1971 da gudun 44.85 kullin (83.05 km / h) za a iya gyarawa a kan Motovsky girma line (yanki ~ ar ruwan).

Nasara da ake bukata domin cimma a gaban masu sa ido nazarin tasoshin. A waɗannan kwanaki, mu ne muka ƙaunaci yi a kan babbar jam'iyyar events. Wannan feat zai zo daidai da bude daga cikin XXIV Congress na CPSU. Storm fara, hydrologists sami ikon zuwa teku. Lokacin da yanayin da aka kafa, mun yanke shawarar ba da rahoto. Duk da yake cikin hadari, a daya ɗari bisa dari kaya damar submarine nukiliya reactors bayar da wani sabon rikodin, wannan 44,85 kullin.

Bayan sanya biyu da'ira a cikin iska, a cikin na uku gamuwa da matsaloli da kuma bayyana umurnin dakatar da m gwaji. Saboda haka, a cikin duniya da rikodin adadi na 44.7 aka hada. Planck ya ba tukuna aka rinjaya. A cikin tsakiyar 70-ies na XX karni, Soviet designers fatan kara samar da kundin, da kafa serial samar da sababbin abubuwa. Amma wannan bai faru ba, ko da yake zamani submarines na Arewa jiragen ruwa ba har zuwa rabin karni da suka wuce Figures.

Saboda babban kudin (halin kaka amounted zuwa 1% na ikon kasafin kudin yawan) high-gudun "jirgin sama m kisa" shi ne kawai daya, musamman kuma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da top-m. Bayani shekaru da yawa da aka kawo ba to duk soja ma'aikata. A mataki na shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin batu na farar hula, yawan iya kawai tsammani. Duk da haka dai, shi ne tsananin amsa da gurguzanci da jari hujja "na sarki hali".

Za mu nuna maka gruel!

Žara koyo game da yadda kuma me ya sa aka haife fi sauri submarine. A cikin duniya da Cold War rinjãya, hannunka, farin biyu daban-daban a tsarin siyasa, tam gasar a gina makamai. A tsakiyar XX karni, United States ɓullo da wani musamman soja shirin. Sa ka Fare a kan dabarun da idon basira deterrence, wani ɓangare na abin da yake teku dabarun.

M karfi canza shugabanci na babban iko, shi ya tafi kaifi madosa daga ƙasar zuwa teku. A tsarin ne da goyan bayan wani "iyo hadahada" - feat. Irfan kungiyoyin na jirgin sama dako. Kasar nasara gurguzanci matsananciyar bukata ba kawai wani zamani, da sabon kayan. Shi ne mai tambaya cewa shi ne game da su bayyana fi sauri submarine. Tarayyar Soviet a cikin 60s na karshe karni manyan jirãge, ba su da lokacin da za a kafa: mun gwada kwanan nan yaki ya mutu saukar da ga kariya da Mahaifa, mahaifiyata daga Nazi invaders. A kasar ne kawai murmurewa daga devastation. The yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka samu: shugaban kasa ya Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev yanke shawarar nuna kowa da kowa gruel m kamar yadda yarda da juna, submarine jiragen ruwa.

Babahnut kyau dama daga cikin zurfin

Prominently yau da kullum da kyautata na Soviet soja kayan aiki da aka bai kafin, da yadda ya yi ya fi sauri submarine. A duniyar m adawa, a cikin farkawa daga teku dabarun da bukatar da aka at rufinta. An sani cewa submarine ta samfurin sittin Tarayyar Soviet da a tsanani drawback: da makami mai linzami da za a iya kaddamar da zuwa buga wani manufa ne kawai a lokacin da ya tashi daga zurfin, bayan surfacing.

Sau da yawa shi ne, a wannan matsayi na submarine "haskaka" abokan gaba da kuma halakar da (idan ba ka da lokaci zuwa lokaci "unyrnut"). Ba da da ewa, da "Amethyst" - makami mai linzami tsarin da za su iya fara daga zurfin tana tattare a cikin asiri. Yana da aka halitta a karkashin iko da zanen da roka da kuma sarari fasahar Vladimir Chelomeya (photo sama). Sabon abu nan da nan sun soma, ko da yake fama nauyi na shugaban zama karami a matsayin harbe-harben kewayo. Dukkan wadannan ga alama korau abubuwan da aka biya diyya a ajiye tare da yiwuwar don amfani mai bõyuwa mamaki kai hari.

m manufa

Yana da aka zaci cewa, kullum motsi da burin zai zama ci gaba da lura da duk-gani "ido" na m iko da kuma shugabanci tsarin. Wannan simplifies da aiki na guje wa da sintiri tasoshin (jiragen ruwa rakiya) a yiwu maƙiyi. A kan jirgin nufi da za a saka kai tsaye goma jirgin sama da makamai masu linzami (cruise linzami) P-70. Kamar yadda iska da ake bukata ya fi iko submarine! Jiragen duniya cewa zai iya nutse har da ta yi aiki a karkashin ruwa, a karkashin wani yanayi ba zai iya zama "kwafi masu kunnen doki" da fafatawa a gasa.

Don aiki janyo hankalin ba ko da na ɗari ɗari, amma dubban kwararru, suka duka hannu jingina ba zai bayyana asirin gwamnati. Design mafita cewa an yi amfani da, share karkata a sau daya: da submarine aka haife nan gaba. Su mayar da hankali a kan wani fanni cruise makami mai linzami tare da wani kyakkyawan sunan "Amethyst". Shi ne kananan - tamanin kilomita. Domin da kuzari shige zuwa cikin submarine iyo a kan hadahada hari nesa da ake bukata a endow shi tare da high-gudun capabilities (daidaita zuwa torpedo).

Feature-arziki da kuma ergonomic

A wani yanayi na tashin hankali da kuma asiri aka haife mafi kyau submarine. A duniya da kuma a kasar, babu wanda ya san sunan da aikin sarrafa. Indisputable kimiyya dalĩli, upscale gwani shipbuilder Academician Nikolai Isanin (as a lokacin da sanannun zanen da kumbon sama jannati "Vostok" Sergei Korolev) wani adadi sosai classified. A karkashin ya m, kuma mai gintsẽwa farkon tawagar yi aiki a kusa da nan kowane lokaci. A wani mataki, jagorancin aka dauka a kan ta Nikolai Shulzhenko. Painstaking aiki ya kawo arziki da 'ya'yan itace.

A watan Disamba, 1960, nan gaba submarine aikin da aka shirya. Number of avant-garde fasaha mafita "kashe sikelin" - 398: a matuƙin jirgin ruwa kamar wani jirgin sama, ramut, kamara, kayan aiki, da kuma, ba shakka, mafi m titanium jiki, wanda aka samar a Severodvinsk "Sevmash" a shekarar 1962. K-162 kanta da aka kafa a cikin wannan sha'anin a Disamba 1963 (lambar serial 501). An muhimmiyar rawa da aka bai wa ergonomics.

Hudu yuwuwar duniya

Energy bayar da biyu nukiliya nukiliya. Project 661 hada paroenergeticheskuyu biyu-shaft naúrar (40,000 horsepower kowane, a 2-ninka fi a duk cikin gida da kuma waje "abokan aiki"). Sun fi mayar saboda wannan da aka lashe title of "ya fi sauri submarine." A duniya inda cikin lumana zarra kawai Masters, samfurin kayan aiki a gab da almarar ba} asarmu amincewa.

Nukiliya man fetur a reactors zai zama isa ga hudu circumnavigation sailing (a mafi girma yadda ya dace da aminci). "Celebrity Biography" na baya a takaice dai: jirgin ruwan (daga Janairu 1978 da aka jera a karkashin dabara yawan K-222) aka sa a cikin ruwa a 1968. caje a shekarar 1988; karshe an zubar cikin 2010 a kan "Sevmash".

A amo ba shi da kyau

A mafi kyau submarine a duniya ba zai iya zama taro-samar yet for dalilai da dama. Cool titanium hali daban-daban matsananci haduwar yi. By karshen 80s karni na ashirin da suke rabu amfani da makamai masu linzami P-70 "Amethyst" (babban makamai). Damar husũma ya ɓullo da sabon ganewa na'urorin. Hydroacoustic tsarin da wani babban mataki da tabbacin saukin samu da wuri daga cikin K-162 (K-222). A halin da ake ciki da wahala ta high amo "Anchar".

Suka ci gaba da zanga-submarine jirgin sama. A wani hadiri, "dabbar whale" tekuna (Soviet matuƙan na babban kudin da briskness jirgin ruwan da ake kira "kifin zinari") ya m iya tsira. Zai ze, yin amfani, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 2008 - talakawa taron. Mutãne bai ƙirƙira tutur motsi na'ura. Duk wanda ya zo a cikin disrepair. Amma shi ne kawai daya zakara, wanda zai iya zama wani gidan kayan gargajiya na zane nasara, aikin injiniya. Basu sami ceto ba.

bylem overgrown

K-222 ya tafi don ya da a matsayin m, ko tsufa gado mai yi. Kuma wannan submarine, sanye take da tsarin "Sigma-661" (vseshirotnaya), "Rada-1", "Nichrome" (ayyana abu nasa ne da wani jihar), da m Sonar system "Ruby"! Don karya - ba don gina ... Akwai wani ra'ayi a yau iya kara da shahararsa ta mai ban mamaki yawon bude ido.

Bayan wani dogon zama da wasu m "gaya" to mai yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa game da wuya habitation fi iko submarine. Akwai ba haka ba mu'ujizai da yawa, kamar yadda shi alama. Lovers of art yi imani da cewa "Anchar" yana daya daga cikin mafi m abubuwa da mamaki. Experience titanium Tsarin har yanzu ana amfani da wasu aikace-aikace (685, 705, 945, 945A, da sauransu.) Kuma "Amethyst" makami mai linzami ne har yanzu amfani a kan jirage "Skat" (gina karkashin aikin 670).