The main iri dabbobi. Animal iri: rarrabuwa

Kamar yadda ka'idar juyin halitta, kowane irin halittu masu rai a cikin ƙasa hankali, saboda mutane da yawa, miliyoyin shekaru, sun samo asali daga su unicellular kakanninsu. More hadaddun kwayoyin ne wata ila don sun taso daga mazauna daga cikin sauki. Yana za a iya sa ido idan more gano main iri dabbobi. A rarrabuwa ya raba dukkan halittun cikin jinsin, iyalai, umarni, azuzuwan bisa ga tsarin da m ãyõyi, wanda aka samu a lokacin juyin ci gaba.

Don samar da sabon iri na dabba kyallen takarda, akwai gawawwakin cewa bai wanzu ba a kakaninmu. A can farko na wannan ci gaban da za a iya lura a Sponges. A coelenterates riga daidai bayyana indodem da ectoderm, da kuma rudiments na tsokoki. A mafi girma iri dabbobi ne halin da wani hadadden tsarin da juyayi tsarin da sauran sashin jiki tsarin. Don gane da ci gaba na bukatar la'akari da cikakken bayani game da su mafi muhimmanci fasali.

na farko

Wannan microscopic halittun da ciwon guda sifar tantanin halitta. Masana kimiyya sani na game da 15,000 jinsunan protozoa. su jiki siffar ne daban-daban, daga annuri-up radial asymmetric. Sau da yawa samar da hadaddun mazauna da damar masana kimiyya ya hango ko hasashen yadda wani iri kwayar dabbobi. An rarraba su zuwa azuzuwan, dangane da hanyoyin da motsi da kuma yanayin jikinsu.

Sponges

A mafi m kwayar kwayoyin. Suna zaune mafi yawa a cikin teku. Sun kasu kashi uku azuzuwan, dangane da tsarin kwarangwal. Salon su a haɗe. Sauran iri dabba mulki su ne suka nuna adawa, saboda Sponges ne babu takamaiman gabobin da kyallen takarda. Akwai wani m, kare jiki daga samanta, kuma an ciki Layer hada da musamman Kwayoyin for kwala flagellated. Tsakanin su ne mesoglea - wani lokacin quite m cell kungiyar, wani ɓangare na wanda Forms wani kwarangwal.

coelenterates

A jikin wadannan dabbobi kunshi kawai biyu yadudduka na sel cewa kewaye da jiki kogo, da ake kira hanji, daya baki bude. Mallaka rudiments juyayi da kuma murdede nama. Sistem da excretory tsarin ba. Salon coelenterates ne masu zama a gida ko svobodnopodvizhnym. Live, tare da waɗansu 'yan ƙalilan, a cikin seawater da kuma samar da manyan mazauna. Wannan irin hada da jellyfish, murjãni, hydroids da tẽku anemones.

flatworms

Ploskotelye halittun da suke da farkon na excretory tsarin da kuma kwakwalwa. The dubura ne har yanzu bata. Wakilai daga irin wannan - dauke da lalurar mata. Don irin wannan ne ciliated tsutsotsi ko turbellarians, kazalika da wasu parasites - limenitis da flukes.

roundworms

Da baka da kuma tsuliya takware alaka hanji. Main kungiyar - nematodes, ciki har da yawa kwari, amma akwai free-nau'in halittu masu rai. Wannan makafi reshe na ci gaba da kara tasiri a kan ci gaban da kwayoyin, wannan kungiya ba da wani. Wannan irin hada da mafi gashi-tsutsa, rotifers da parasites, wanda sukan bi da matsayin raba kungiyoyin.

annelids

A jikin wadannan dabbobi an hada da mutum segments. Mallaka jijiyoyi, high iya aiki domin farfadowa reshe rudiments m da sakandare jiki kogo. A wasu, mafi sosai raya iri na dabba mulkin da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wadannan canje-canje. Daga marine annelid tsutsotsi akwai da yawa wakilan kungiyar na arthropod.

clams

Animals, wanda shi ne yawanci a taushi jiki kare kwatami. Mallaka sosai juyayi tsarin sakandare jiki kogo. Akwai da hankula da kuma zuciya - mai tsoka cewa farashinsa jini. A bivalves iya rarrabe tsakanin akwati da kuma kafa a gastropod - kai. Suna zaune a cikin teku, da kuma sabo ne ruwa, da kuma a kan ƙasar.

echinoderms

The mazaunan cikin tẽku mai zurfi. Girma na most wakilan kada ku ƙẽtare 50 cm. Type na azuzuwan hada da teku urchins, da taurari, wardi, furannin bi-rana da sauransu. Salon gyarawa, don haka ɓullo da wani musamman zuwa echinoderms biyar-hanyar fasali. A wakilan irin yana da jijiyoyi, mezodermichesky ciki kwarangwal.

arthropoda

Yarda iri ne sosai m. Yana da wannan kungiyar ne arthropod. Wannan irin - mafi bambancin da arziki a cikin jinsin. A halayyar fasali su ne gaban hadaddun-type ta ji tsoron wani zaban baka appendages - antennae, bayyananne rabuwa da gawar a cikin sassan, extremities, kunsha na segments ga ya fi dacewa motsi. Development gudanar da arthropod dadaddun trilobites da m kungiyoyin, wanda shi ne iyaye domin crustaceans da arachnids, zuwa ga mafi girman tashi kwari. Millipedes an dauke su a tsaka mahada juyin halitta daga irin wannan.

tsirkiya

Type hada da iri da kuma azuzuwan, bambancin da sifofinsu, salon, yanayi. The iri na juyayi tsarin a cikin dabbobi United kafa a kan dorsal sashi na jiki tube, wanda shi ne cibiyar da duk yawa endings, abin da na tsare da notochord, guringuntsi, ko kashi sanda, kwarangwal goyon baya. Development of wakilan daban-daban azuzuwan za a iya sa ido ta hanyar lichinkohordovyh da bescherepnyh (Amphioxus) zuwa sosai mannyan birai, sosai na fasaha.

kifi

Akwai cartilaginous, lobe ko myasistolopastnye, kashi. Wakilai na farko kungiyar da wani lokacin farin ciki fata placoid peculiar zuwa ga ma'auni. Roth aka located a kan ƙananan sashi na jiki, babu wani haske da kuma yin iyo mafitsara, da kwarangwal kunshi guringuntsi.

Lobe kifi ya kasu kashi lungfish da Crossopterygii. A karshen suna wakilci a yau by daya kawai HALITTAR, inhabiting tekun Indiya. Su ne sosai kama da magabatan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, kuma suna da musamman sha'awa ga masu bincike, masu yada ka'idar juyin halitta. Lungfish da biyu gills da kuma huhu.

Kashi - shi ne babban ɓangare na zamani wakilan da kifi aji. Da iyo mafitsara, da kuma m kwarangwal. Fata ne mafi yawa rufe da Sikeli, amma akwai da yawa ban.

amphibia

Matsayin mai mulkin, da larvae na wadannan halittu numfashi ta hanyar gills da kuma rayuwa a cikin ruwa. A adult ne haske, kuma na zaune a kan ƙasar. Skin moisturized kuma bã tãre da gashi ko ɓamɓaroki. Wannan aji hada da kwaɗi, newts, toads salaman.

abubuwa masu rarrafe

A jikin an rufe tare da Sikeli, da kuma rayuwa a kan qasa da ruwa. A zamanin da, wannan aji ya mamaye tsakanin sauran lamba, amma bayan da babban wuri da aka shagaltar da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bã su da wani iri-iri masu girma dabam, jiki siffar, salon. Crocodiles, kadangaru, macizai, kunkuru ne daga dabbobi masu rarrafe.

tsuntsãye

Anatomically kama da dabbobi ne masu rarrafe, amma suna da ikon da kansa kula da yanayin jikinsu ko da muhalli da yanayi. A cikin tsuntsaye, daidai kafa hur, hudu-gidajen zuciya da fuka-fuki cewa ba da damar mafi yawansu ba su don motsawa ta cikin iska.

dabbobi masu shayarwa

Saboda haka suna, saboda gaban na musamman gland sirrin abin da suka ciyar da matasa. The jiki ne yawanci rufe gashi, su ne dumin jiki, wata gabar jiki subsumed karkashin jiki da kuma tura a gaba. A mafi girma dabbobi masu shayarwa, mannyan birai, masu tasowa, m cewa shi ne sosai moriya ga rayuwa.

Nau'in abincin dabbobi

Duk wanda yake an rarraba su zuwa 3 Categories bisa ga aiwatar da abinci:

• Herbivores. Cinye kawai ganyayyaki na abinci - algae, ciyawa, ganye, ko 'ya'yan itatuwa. Alal misali, Elk, barewa, zomo.

• yara. Cin nama kwari ko wasu dabbobi. Alal misali, rana, Tiger, Lynx.

• Omnivorous. Dangane da yanayi na yanayi, zai iya ci biyu shuka da dabbobi abinci. Alal misali, a bear, chickadee, daji boar.

teku rai

A kakaninmu na dabba ne a hankali yana fitowa daga cikin teku, wanda ya zama shimfiɗar jariri, da rayuwa a duniya. Wannan hijirarsa iya faruwa a hanyoyi da dama - ta cikin tekun a ƙasar, a ruwa tare ko a boye kogwanni. Saboda da m canje-canje na mazauninsu canja, da inganta iri dabba tsokoki da cewa sun zama dole rayuwa. Wasu kungiyoyin - Whales, da abubuwa masu rarrafe kuma tsuntsaye - sa'an nan ya koma cikin teku bayan wani dogon juyin hanya.

Yanzu wakilan da mafiya yawa daga cikin azuzuwan da ake samu a cikin teku, ko kusa da shi. Very da yawa jinsin dabbobi, musamman kwaro kasance canzawa ga miliyoyin shekaru da suke mai muhimmanci hanya ga koyo. Sauran manyan iri dabbobi suna dauke su in mun gwada matasa, amma su binciken taimake bayyanãwa kayyade sadarwa tsakanin alama daban-daban kungiyoyin. Wannan yana da wani banbanci ba a ganin da hadin kai na mutum da yanayi da kuma fahimtar da babbar kama wasu halittu masu rai.