Tsar Bell. Ina Tsar Bell?

Daya daga cikin na musamman jan hankali na Moscow Kremlin ne a duniya-sanannen Tsar Bell. Wannan nuna yana dauke da wani irin Rasha art na karni na sha takwas da babban nasara da foundry kasuwanci a Rasha. Bugu da kari, da Tsar Bell ne mai girma na tarihi, kunã yin wãsa.

A ra'ayin samar da

Empress Anna Ivanovna a 1730 ya sanya hannu a umurninMu, wanda umurce su da su jefa wani kararrawa yin la'akari dubu goma fam. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole su dauki karye misali, ya kara da karfe. Tare da a saki wannan daftarin aiki da kuma fara da tarihin Tsar Bell.

Wa jefa sanannen giant?

Asalinsu so a sami wani gwani master a Paris. Duk da haka, da sarauta m Germain, suka miƙa wannan yanayin, ya ki aiki. Ya yarda da ake bukata domin wani wargi.

Ƙulla da su zuba kararrawa Grigorieva, wanda ya fado a lokacin wuta a 1701, a master na lokacinsa, Ivan Fedorovich Motorin. Yana da aka kaddamar a 1730 domin ta samu nasara a cikin Moscow ofishin na manyan bindigogi Motorin mataimakansa aka ware master, goma dalibai da kuma jami'an biyu.

A shiri lokaci

taswirar da aka kõma sama kafin a fara manyan bindigogi ofishin. Bugu da ƙari, pre-simintin Motorin wani kananan model na gaba giant. Ta auna goma sha biyu fam. All zane, shirye-shiryen da kimomi, kazalika da biyu model tsara hau aiko domin amincewa a St. Petersburg. Duk da shirye-shiryen da kuma amincewa da aikin da aka kafa a cikin shekaru biyu. A wannan batun, aikin kanta domin samar da shirya siffofin karrarawa, kazalika da gina Tanderu fara kawai a Janairu 1733

ƙirƙiri giant

biyu alamu da aka yi domin samun siffar duniya most kararrawa bisa ga zane na Rasha Masters. Daya daga cikin su aka yi nufi ga ciki samfurin profile, da kuma na biyu - for waje.

Ulla wata katuwar kararrawa aka sanya a kan Ivanovo yankin. Domin wannan goma-rami dā aka haƙa. Oak bim, interconnected karfe bakuna, sãsanninta suna karfafa. Bugu da kari, wani rami liyi tare da tubali. Don samar da ƙananan tushe don kore a cikin kasa oak tara aza baƙin ƙarfe sanduna. Kawai sai ya fara aiwatar da samar da ingots karrarawa. Bayan ta samar aka saka a biyu juna, wanda yayi daidai da waje shaci na giant. Bayan kammala ayyuka an tashe nau'i na hooks. A saboda wannan dalili musamman na'urorin.

A na gaba mataki na ingot karshe an trimmed. Ga harshen karrarawa karfe madauki da aka haɗe zuwa vault. A karshe aiki na tsari - saitin a cikin na musamman Ramin a saman casing ake kira kunnuwa.

All aiki a kan halittar Tsar Bell aka kammala Nuwamba 25, 1735 A takardar shaidar da aka kõma sama a kan taron. Weight daga cikin mafi girma kararrawa a duniya zambar ɗari biyu da daya ton na ɗari tara da ashirin da hudu kilo. Ya tsawo - 6,14 m da diamita - 6,60 m Abin baƙin ciki, gama zaben 'yan wasa giant Ivan Motorin kasa, ya mutu .. mahaifinsa kasuwanci da aka ci gaba da dansa Michael, wanda a baya ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin aikin.

samar da subtlety

Don Tsar Bell yana da kyau simintin Ivanom Motorinym aka dauka na musamman zane na gating tsarin. A tsari, wanda aka cika da ruwa karfe, ba ƙarasa gubobi da sauran impurities. Wannan ya yiwu godiya ga wani musamman tank wanda aka kullum cike fal. Saboda haka, daga wani tsantsa karfe ciyar a cikin kwano siffar, da kuma slag, wanda ya da wani haske nauyi, shi ya kasance a kan surface.

Lokacin da Fitar giant bukata halittar wani yanayi domin yin tsayayya da matsa lamba form zafi karfe. Don yin wannan, da ƙasar ta cika da duk sarari cewa ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin ganuwar da simintin rami da murfin.

balle yanki

Yanã sanin tarihin Tsar Bell da unprecedented wuta. Bayan Fitar da fiye da shekara kwashe rubutu a kan wannan da ban mamaki aiki na gwaninta foundry.

Sanya a kan shi, kuma ado da kawa. The aiki ya fito don ya kawo karshen lokacin da wuta ya barke da karfi a cikin Kremlin. Haka ya faru a watan Mayu 1737 wuta halakar da katako, tsarin da kuma wani tanti da cewa an gina a kan zaben 'yan wasa rami. Rascal kararrawa fara zuba ruwa. By zazzabi canje-canje a cikin jikin giant fasa da ya kai ga cewa shi ya wãtse daga wani sizable bantara na da nauyin da ya goma sha daya da rabi tons.

Yunƙurin na zaben 'yan wasa rami

A Tsar Bell, wanda tarihi ya fara haka mugun na dogon lokaci ba zai isa. Har 1836 ya kasance a cikin simintin rami, wanda ya barrantar, aka kewaye da wani shingen dogwaye da matakala sanya. Masu ziyara a faruwa saukar da sha'awar babban aiki na gwaninta.

Yuli 23, 1836 da aka gudanar a m Yunƙurin kararrawa. A musamman shirye rinks shi koma kuma sanya a kan dutse pedestal da ciwon wani octagonal siffar. Ba da da ewa giant hudu baka da aka samu don tallafa wa ball, a kan wanda aka sanya a tagulla giciye saman. Ina Tsar Bell yanzu? A daidai wannan pedestal a cikin Kremlin.

sabuntawa aiki

Tsar Bell aka shirya sau da dama ya solder. Duk da haka, da aikin ba a za'ayi. Hana babban kudin soldering. Bugu da kari, akwai damuwa cewa, ko da tanadi kararrawa, shi zai zama ba zai yiwu ba a cimma da al'ada sauti. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, idan ka ziyarci Kremlin, Tsar Bell zai sadu da ku a cikin irin wannan da aka sau daya cire daga zaben 'yan wasa rami. Wannan musamman abin tunawa ne na girma na tarihi muhimmanci. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa gwaji a kan su ne kawai unacceptable. Tsar Bell ga yara da kuma ga mazan tsara - shi ne tarihin Fatherland.

A binciken na musamman Kabarin da aka gudanar a 1979. A wannan lokacin da aka kashe da kuma sabuntawa. Ayyukan sun hada da giant jiki dubawa da kuma shirye-shiryen da musamman katin cewa size yana gyarawa, da wuri da kuma yawan kafa fasa.

A lokacin maido surface kararrawa barrantar daga mahara yadudduka na coatings wanda sun gurbata da bayyanar da giant. A a layi daya, muna da wani kananan gyara pedestal. A tashe surface ƙasa tsage kararrawa, abin da yake mai ladabi a recessed Layer a kan arba'in santimita.

All ayyukan da aka za'ayi da masana da kuma malamai daga Soja Academy suna bayan fe Dzerzhinsky. A wannan yanayin, a kusa da shawara tare da All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Restoration. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da kafa fasahar da kuma dabarun mayar da tarihi abin tunawa , irin wannan da aka za'ayi a karon farko.

A musamman misali na art foundry

Waɗanda suke a yau ziyarci Kremlin, Tsar Bell ya gana a asalin siffan. Giant sabon samu azurfa-m launi, wanda ya ba da wani greenish patina. Specific shimmer da na halitta sautin koma tagulla. A kan giciye, wanda aka lashe oglave, glitters gilding. Yana da aka gina tare da yin amfani da zinariya ganye. A bayyane yake cewa ba za ka iya ganin m ado da kuma m image, shi ne wani jauhari na mai kararrawa. Beauty sculpted ado kama da ido. Ƙananan kuma babba jiki giant ado frieze juna wanda wakiltar dabĩno. Abin baƙin ciki, a lokacin da cika da tsari a cikin ƙarfe sassa na kararrawa dauki swabs. A bayyane yake wannan za a iya gani a cikin hotunan wasu Figures. Duk da wannan, dubban mutane da ziyartar Kremlin a kullum, kuma yanzu godiya da kyau na tarihi abin tunawa.

Tsar Bell a Moscow da aka kafa kusan biyu da rabi da suka wuce ƙarni. Duk da haka, tare da duk shahara giant na karuwa a kowace shekara. Amazing abin tunawa daga Rasha art simintin daidai sosai a cikin gine-gine da abun da ke ciki na Kremlin. A Tsar Bell, kazalika da nan kusa da shi da Tsar igwa, ba za a iya raba daga m bayyanar da ciwon worldwide daraja.

tarihin asali

Domin Fitar da kararrawa master MOTORIN samu kadan albashinsa. Shi ne kawai dubu rubles.

A kararrawa yana da wani rubutu cewa ya aka jefa Ivanom Motorinym da ɗansa Michael. Shahararren master of foundry kasuwanci kama su da sunan, ya kai} arar zuwa majalisar dattijai. Empress cũtar Ioanovnoy, shi aka amince.

A tsari kafa wata katuwar kararrawa aka samu da sculptor Carlo Rastrelli. Duk da haka, dan duniya-sanannen m Francesco Rastrelli tambayi don su yi aiki sosai high albashinsa. A sakamakon haka, ya ayyuka ki.

Images na Tsar Bell, Janar Denikin amfani da samar da White Guard dubu-cuts. A kudi na mutane da ake kira "karrarawa".