Tsibirin na Hogland. A tsibirin na Gulf of Finland

Gulf of Finland a St. Petersburg, duk da m hani da ko "sanyi" yana mai yawa ban mamaki wurare, cike da na halitta kyakkyawa da kuma ban mamaki tarihi. Daya daga cikin Jewels - Hogland - most tsibirin a Birnin Leningrad, yankin. Duk wanda ya ziyarci Hogland, magana na da shi a matsayin ƙasar majestic kuma na musamman.

etymology

Yaren mutanen Sweden sunan Hogland tsibirin fassara a matsayin "babban ƙasa." Lalle ne, akwai wani gwada da high duwãtsu, gandun daji, m tudu, da barin kusan vertically a cikin ruwa. A dukan mai faɗi ne halayyar Eastern Fennoscandia. A Finns ma kira daga a tarihi mai nisa tsibirin Suur-Saari, a translation - da "Great Land."

girma

Hogland Island - mafi girma a cikin Rasha ruwan Gulf of Finland. An located nisan kilomita 10 gabas da Rasha Maritime kan iyaka da Finland. Arewa zuwa kudu ta miƙa ta game da 11 km, kuma ta nisa ne daga 1.5 zuwa 3 km. Dukan yankin na tsibirin - 20,65 km ^2.

wuri

Sabili inda ba wanda yake zaune yanki na ƙasar a cikin wani m, kuma haka wani muhimmin dabarun matsayi. A dama, aka located 180 kilomita na St. Petersburg, da Gulf of Finland da Kronstadt sansanin soja, wani babbar Rasha tashoshin jiragen ruwa (Primorsk, Vysotsk, Vyborg, Ust-Luga). Hagu - Finland da Estonia.

Tsibirin raba yammacin, mafi zurfi da kuma m Gulf of Finland, daga gabashin - wani m da kuma sabo. A Gwargwadon tsarawa daga tsibirin:

• 60ᵒ01 '- 60ᵒ06' s. w.;
• 26ᵒ56 '- 27ᵒ00' a. d.

Mafi kusa Finnish garin Kotka aka located 43 km zuwa arewa maso gabashin. A kudu na Istoniyanci tekun na Gulf ne game da 55 km bãya, kuma tsibirin Great Tyuters - kudu-maso-gabas, a nesa na 18,5 km daga kudancin Cape. A nesa a mike layin zuwa Ust-Luga - 85 km.

A tsibirin na Gulf of Finland: Hogland

The taimako na tsibirin da ake karfi dissected, cikakkar elevations Range daga 108 m, a arewacin (Poheyskorkia tudun) zuwa 175,7 m a kudu (Lounatkorkia tudun). Sau da yawa akwai m cliffs har zuwa mita 10 ko fiye, da matsakaicin tsawo (50-70 m) da suka isa yammacin gangaren tuddai, da Myakiinpyayallyus Haukkavuori.

Tare da gabashin da kuma yammacin ƙasar ne kananan coves kuma da dama kananan tsibiran. Baki kagaggun m, a cikin bays - tare da ƙanƙara boulders, kuma kawai a Bay Suurkyulyanlahti - tsabta yashi a bakin teku. Wannan rufe kuma dace domin jiragen ruwa Bay an located a kan arewa maso gabashin tsibirin. Yana ana kiyaye shi ta mole da tashar yana da zurfin 4.2 m a mashiga, a ƙofar nisa na 90 m. Kudu bay located Suurkyulyanlahti haihuwa Finnish hurumi.

Lighthouses

A tsibirin akwai biyu hasumiya mai fitila. Arewa Hogland hasumiya mai fitila, located a kan wani tudu Poheyskorkia gina karkashin Bitrus da Great a 1723. Kudancin Hogland aka kafa a 1905 ta hanyar umurnin Nicholas II. Tun 2006 ayyukan tashar m tracking jiragen ruwa, gina a kusa da Kudu Faro. The kawai datti hanya ya wuce ta dukan tsibirin, a haɗa da biyu gine-gine.

kimiyya da ayyukan

Gulf of Finland da masana kimiyya ne na musamman da na halitta dakin gwaje-gwaje, inda, duk da wani aiki adam aiki, da yanayin kasa da aka adana a cikin ta asali form. Complex muhalli expeditions Halittu Research Institute of St. Petersburg State University domin binciken daga cikin tsibiran na Rasha ɓangare na Gulf of Finland, ciki har da tsibirin Hogland, da aka gudanar a shekara daga shekara ta 1991 zuwa 1995 a kan himma da kuma tare da kai tsaye sa hannu na Darektan D. V. Osipova.

Sa'an nan kuma aka ci gaba a 2003-2004, a cikin tsarin na hadin gwiwa ayyukan BiNII da Finnish muhalli Institute (TSOSF). A 2004 da binciken samu taimakon kudi ga muhalli Asusun na Leningrad yankin. Sashen bincike na tsibirin ya fara a 2001 da kuma ci gaba a 2003-2004: Ya zama. Tattara kayan bayyana ciyayi gudanar da Botanical Cibiyar Rasha Academy of Sciences a 1994-1998, kuma a 2004-2006. The tara kayan da aka yarda su yi Botanical, Zoological da ma'aunan kasa taswirar yankin, da kuma zuwa waƙa da canje-canje a cikin yanayi a kan tushen da a baya na samu bayanai.

The UNESCO flag

Hogland Island ne ba kawai wata halitta janye. A 1826 a tsibirin na Jamus-Rasha falakin, darektan na Pulkovo Observatory V. Ya. Struve kafa na musamman da abu cewa shi ne wani ɓangare na wani m aikin yin lissafi da size da kuma siffar na Duniya. A ake kira "Struve Geodetic Arc", mikewa daga tekun na Arctic Ocean zuwa Danube, gane da UNESCO a matsayin World Heritage Site.

Bisa ga littãfi, biyu abubuwa - "ma'ana Z» da kuma «Myakipyallyus sakin layi" (title na wannan sunan rock) - ana shirya a kan wannan m daga bakin tekun ƙasar rabo. Ga Victor Ya kallon kusassari da azimuths, auren m astronomical data. Wannan ya tabbatar da yadda muhimmanci shi ne Gulf of Finland.

A St. Petersburg ya shirya wani taro sadaukar da abubuwa "Struve Arc". A wani musamman balaguro aka aika zuwa tsibirin, wanda ya kiyasta da ainihin Jihar abu UNESCO. Don tunawa da tarihi taron ne biyu astronomical alamar shigar. A farko - a kan wani tudu Myakiinpyayallyus. Yana da wani abin tunawa plaque da rubutu "geodetic maki Myakiinpyayallyus kafa a 1826. Q. na Struve. Kafin Ismail 841.657 toise zuwa Gammerfasta 660130 toise. A farko ji na Meridian baka a Rasha daga 1816 zuwa 1855. ".

Suurkyulyanlahti kusa da bay, a cikin dazuzzuka, a cokali mai yatsu a hanya abu da Arewa Shiriya, gina wani abin tunawa, kuma sadaukar da ji na Meridian V. Ya. Struve. Wannan astronomical alamar "Hogland Z» an shigar da ma'aikata na Pulkovo Observatory.

tarihi zane

A tsibirin na Gulf of Finland lugar da mutane daga a tarihi mai nisa. Su na farko ƙware Sami. Wannan ne evidenced da tsarki abubuwa samu a na fi tuddai - duwatsu, da hulunansu, Sadie, "bagaden" kamã da wuraren ibada na Saami na Kola Larabawa.

A cikin tarihi foreseeable nan gaba Hogland wani bangare ne na Sweden. A Legends ce cewa m magabatan tsibirin sun fashi da smugglers. Wadannan Legends ne plausible, tun tsibirin da ake dake kusa da wani muhimmin ciniki hanya da kuma wani m wuri mai faɗi ne mai ban mamaki Haven ga buccaneers, kwasar ganima jiragen ruwa da suka zo daga yamma zuwa cikin Neva da Novgorod.

Domin Rasha tsibirin tsallake a 1743 bayan an kammala wata yarjejeniya da Sweden. A watan Yuli 1788 a Hogland wani sojan ruwa yaki tsakanin Rasha da kuma Yaren mutanen Sweden fleets, da aka sani da Battle of Hogland. Yana ƙare tare da nasarar da Rasha jiragen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da Rasha karfafa ta ikon mallakar tsibirin.

hurumi, daga jirgi

Hogland Island aka located fadin Gulf of Finland, a sosai zuciya na shi, don haka kusa anciently gudanar da wani m teku hanya. A manyan yawan submarines da surface kankara sun cikin hanyar m shipwrecks kashe bakin tekun na Hogland. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ya Sahaban don adana tarihi na mutuwa Rasha uku-masted sailing jirgin "America", abin da ya faru Oktoba dare a 1856. A jirgin ruwa da aka ɗora Kwatancen da rajistan ayyukan, da baƙin ƙarfe, a Tallinn, amma sau daya a wani hadari kashe arewa-maso-gabas Coast, buga wani dutse ya kuma nutse a kusa da Arewa Faro. A hurumi kusa da kauyen Suurkyulya iya ganin biyu kaburbura a wadda 2 shugabanni da 34 matuƙan daga farfashe jirgin da aka binne "America". A 1999, ragowar wani sunken jirgin ruwa mai filafili da aka samu da mambobi ne na Istoniyanci kulob din "Ichthyander" Maahelli Bay kashe gabar yammacin kasar na tsibirin.

Haihuwar rediyo

Lalle duniya shahararsa tsibirin kawo kimiyya gwajen A. S. Popova, a lokacin da a karshen Janairu 1900 aka fara kafa sadarwa tsakanin waya gidan waya da kuma Finnish tsibirin Hogland Kutsalo kusa Kotka. Abin lura shi ne cewa dalilin da gwajin rediyo aka kuma farfashe jirgin. Jirgin ruwa na soja "General-Admiral Apraksin", en hanya domin hunturu Kronstadt a Liepaja tashar jiragen ruwa, Nuwamba 13, 1899 buga wani kura idon dutse kashe kudu-maso-gabashin bakin tekun.

Cire shi daga cikin dutse a karkashin farko na hunturu weather da kuma m samuwar kankara kashe bakin tekun na tsibirin ya kasance ba zai yiwu. Domin kungiyar na ceto aikin da kafa m sadarwa tare da mafi kusa shiri, wanda shi ne birni na Kotka, kuma ta hanyar da shi - to St. Petersburg. Bayan wani yawan ata yunkurin kafa na farko rediyo mahada Janairu 24 tare da Lounatkorkia tudun (yanzu kira aman wuta Popov) karshe nasara farko rediyo sakon da aka daukar kwayar cutar. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da wannan taron a kan site na farko watsawa shigar stele da wani abin tunawa ga A. S. Popovu.

XX karni

Tun da 1917, lokacin da Jamhuriyar Finland samu 'yancin kai, da tsibirin Hogland tafi Finland. Akwai biyu Finnish kauyuka - Suurkyulya (fassara a matsayin Big Village) da kuma Kiiskinkyulya (Ershov kauyen), tare da yawan jama'a na game da dubu mutane, yafi tsunduma a kama kifi da hatimi farauta. Saboda haka, bisa ga, a tsibirin 896 mutane rayu bisa ga 1929 ƙidaya. Sturdy tushe na gidaje, da na dutse ganuwar, barrantar da filin - dukan abin shaida na tsohon m rai na tsibirin ya kasance a kan site tsohon kauyuka. Bayan kammala Soviet-Finnish yaki da sharuddan yarjejeniya (1940) Hogland aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Tarayyar Soviet.

A ban mamaki events ya faru a tsibirin a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A watan Agusta, 1941 jiragen ruwa, a kwamitin da suke 'yan gudun hijira - yara, mata, kokarin karya fitar da kewaye Tallinn zuwa Kronstadt, amma an halaka su da Jamusanci jirgin sama. Matuƙan detachment na jiragen ruwa a karkashin Admiral IG Svetova tsĩrar da fiye da 12 da mutane dubu sun kasance a cikin ruwa. Karkashin nufin Admiral, aka binne shi a shekarar 1983 a kan tudu na bay Suurkyulyanlahti kusa da kabarin auku sojoji. A wannan wuri da aka gina da obelisk.

A lokacin babban Patriotic Gulf of Finland zama scene na Soviet-German adawa. M fadace-fadace da aka yi yaƙi tsakanin Soviet, Finnish da Jamus sojojin a kan Hogland. Monument ga auku sojoji ne wani tsohon giciye sanya, a lake Liivalahdenyarvi.

yanzu jiha

A postwar shekaru a tsibirin aka halicce fortifications, tura mai iko radar tsaro kwanan dismantled. Yanzu a nan akwai kawai kananan iyakar post da kuma live kewayawa ma'aikata hidima lighthouses, kazalika da ma'aikata na meteorological tashar, aiki a tsibirin tun tsakiyar XIX karni.

Hogland administrative ɓangare na Kingisepp District, (da Gulf of Finland, Leningrad yankin). A bay Suurkyulyanlahti tasowa yawon shakatawa cibiyar. Gina biyu-labarin hotel euroclass riga samun yawon bude ido. Saboda haka, daga wani outpost tsibirin a Rasha yankin ruwan iyakar Hogland ne a hankali juya cikin wani yawon shakatawa Makka na Eastern Baltic.