Tvertsa River, Tver yankin: description, photo

A tributary na Volga River kusa da sanannen Rasha birnin Tver kuma ta hagu tributary aka kira Tvertsa. Daga a tarihi mai nisa da kogin Tvertsa hidima da mutane: ta ne m line kashi gangara a tarihi na waterway daga Volga da almara lake Ilmen, can zuwa Novgorod, kuma daga baya a cikin 18th karni, tare da haihuwar Vyshnevolotskaya kogin tsarin - a cikin arewacin babban birnin kasar na Rasha Empire.

A wannan waterway da ban sha'awa suna da wata hanya gaya mana ɗaba'ar.

Asalin sunan kogin Tvertsa

Masana kimiyya da kuma tarihi har yanzu ba zai iya zo da wani yarjejeniya game da asalin wannan sunan ne quite ban sha'awa. Godiya ga wanda ake kira kogin Tvertsa daga abin da ya zo da sunan harshen? Akwai da dama versions - Slavic, Polish, Finno-Ugric kuma ko da Lithuania, bisa ga abin da tushen wannan Tsayayyar madadin ne Finnish tiori ( «azumi"), Slav "m", Polish twierdza ( «sansanin soja") ko Lithuanian Tvora ( "shinge") .

Zai yiwu a wasu hanya rike da duk wadannan sunayen, tun "aiki wuri" hotuna a Tvertsa bakin kogin, tun lokacin da mutane zaunar - na farko Finno-Ugric kabilu, sa'an nan Slavic, kuma duk da kogin ya zama dole, sai ya yi aiki a matsayin kariya da kuma goyon baya, ina ciyar da sa. Ba za mu nemi gaskiya tushen da sunan, da sanin cewa shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba, amma mun kai matsayin dalilin da cewa tsoho kogin, duk abin da muka iya kiran shi, domin ƙarni dauki rayuwa ga duk wanda yake zaune a kan ta bankuna.

fasalin

The asali kafofin da kogin, su ne a yau a cikin yankunan shahara Vyshny Volochek, ya dade da kuma nasarar drained.

A cikin wuri ne da zamani high-Yunƙurin birane gidaje ya karu. A cikin manya kai na kogin ya haɗu da kogin tashar Tsna. A tsawon kogin ne quite ban sha'awa - kusan 188 km, da kuma yankin - fiye da 6500 murabba'in mita. km. Yana miƙa tare da bankunan na zamanin d Rasha birnin Tver, Torzhok.

Wurare da dama a aikin gandu Tvertsa:

• Hagu - Osechenki, Tigma, m Tigma, Logovezh, malitsa, Kava Shchegrov.
• Dama - Osugi (mafi girma), Sominka.

hydrography

A cikin manya kai na cikin kogin kwarin ne quite m. Yana kai kusan 180 mita m. Torzhka ƙananan a tsakiyar da ya kwarara da aka quntata da yawa a cikin ruwan tsufana, har ya zuwa 80 m. A tsawo daga cikin tekun nan ne 20-25 m. A kwarin a cikin nisa da tushe sabuwar fadada 300 m, kuma yake da alaka da wani terrace. Its tashar nisa ne 30-50 m, kuma mai tsarẽwa zone, kuma ya kai har zuwa 80.

Tvertsa River shahara yalwa kai zurfin wanda dabam tsakanin 1.5-4.5 m da kuma fadace fadace da yawa -. Small da kuma haske mai haske rana heats da nuna gaskiya da crystal ruwa. Daga bakin Volga River lullube devyatikilometrovy backwater.

A kogin tashar yalwata da sashen kogin. A 'yan asalin mazaunan wadannan wurare, yawon bude ido,' yan wasa da kuma yan koyo kogin gami hanya kayak kuma san sunayensu -. Muz, Babi, Prutensky, Yamskaya, da dai sauransu Amma musamman so matafiya ne wuraren a yankin Osechenki - Railway dandali shugabanci Tver - Bologoye. Su suna dauke da mafi kyau ga fara gami. Kuma da nisa daga jirgin kasa tasha zuwa kogin shi ne kadan - ba fiye da a kilometer.

Tvertsa buɗe, sa'ad da rana yana farawa zuwa gaske zafi da iska - a farkon watan Afrilu. A takaice kankara watse ga 3-4 kwanaki, da kuma ambaliyar ruwa iya rugugi har zuwa watanni shida. River ta fito, yana jan cikin kankara a karshen watan Nuwamba.

A kogi

Tun Tvertsa cika ruwa ajiya Vyshnevolotsk kafa kõguna da Tsna Shlino, shi ne zubar da asali. Wadannan ruwan suna da rabi na mai shigowa ikon, 30-35% yawan amfanin ƙasa ruwan karkashin kasa ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma 15-20% - da ruwan sama.

Karbar da babban ikon da tsarin Vyshnevolotskaya artificially kayyade dams Tvertsa kogin (Tver yankin), wani lokacin kula shallower.

Features hanya

A kogin gudana a wani sosai high bankuna, shahara ga lush gandun daji - gauraye da coniferous. More bude bakin tekun a cikin sama ya kai: a nan, a farkon, da tashar nisa na kimanin 15 m, zurfin 1 m, a wasu wuraren da manyan duwatsu tashi. Waje kauyen White Whirlpool Tvertsa kogin jũya sharply zuwa gabas, mikawa zuwa mita 30 na al'ada da kuma zama dan kadan zurfi. A wadannan wurare, m sashen kogin da yawa daga cikin kango na haihuwa, Mun halakar da dams (misali, kusa da kauyen. India).

Domin Vydropuzhsk fara picturesque talatin da kilometer stretch na kogin. A gaba ne m, m. A su - da kyau Pine da spruce gandun daji. Wadannan wurare ne quite kowa - gaba daya rasa wani shiri, da kuma wannan yana rinjayar da jihar na gandun daji. Wannan ya ci gaba har bakin inflow Tvertsa - kogin Osugi daga shiga ruwa wanda qara matsayin zurfin Tvertsa (1.5 m), da kuma ta nisa (40 m).

Bayan mahaɗar tsakãninsu Osugi, da kuma kara Sjogren kogin Tvertsa samun ƙarfi, zama fadi (har zuwa 80 m, a line) da kuma zurfin (2 m). Duk da haka, a cikin wadannan wurare a cikin shallows akwai m boulders da size, ya bayyana a tsufa, ya kawo ta a gleiser. The most yi tare da wani kwazazzabo m Shoals, karfi da igiyoyin da kuma wani m zurfin 20 cm da aka located a Prutni. Ga Tvertsa yin ta hanyar ta hanyar da m tuddai na moraine ridges falalen sama da ruwa.

Forest vuya daga bankunan kasa Prutni da Mitin. Saboda haka suka zama har zuwa Torzhok. Ga kogi gado zama fadi (har zuwa 90 m), amma zurfin nan ne kananan: a kan ya kai kai mita biyu, kuma a kan sa na sashen kogin - kawai daya da rabi. Waje kauyen Spas, inda kogin madaukai, ya jũya a kudu-westerly shugabanci da tekun sake rufe kwarai ephedra. A nan, cikin pines da jirgin ta shekaru da haihuwa firs su da yawa m wurare, ya dade da aka ziyarci by yawon bude ido da kuma masunta ne.

Kasa kauyen Copper gandun daji kusan bace. A nan, da bakin tekun daukan wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban view - suna gangaren. A gado yana cike da yawa tsibiran da Shoals, da nisa daga cikin kogin da aka sa a 75 m, da kuma zurfin - 1.5 m. A wannan hanya kashi kwarin yana faɗaɗa da yawa kuma suna located tare da bankunan na yarjejeniya. Wannan sashe na kogin gudana ta hanyar Tver, sa'an nan gudana a cikin Volga.

archaeological Finds

A kan bankunan na Tvertsa dogon an yi hukunci a mutane, saboda wani m tsakiyar wurin da kogin. Yau, kullum bude sabon da kuma sabon archaeological shafukan: prehistoric campsites, shiri da kuma binne mounds.

Wadannan wasan kwaikwayo spots har yanzu ba su cikakken bincika da masana kimiyya, da kuma wanda ya san yadda da yawa binciken har yanzu fraught Tvertsa kogin. Hotuna kogin da kuma kewaye yankunan da aka tabbatar. Bugu da kari ga m archaeological al'adunmu Tvertsa domin da yawa - a fi so wuri domin hutu da kuma kama kifi. Yana da daraja a ma maganar da m abin tunawa daga zamanin d Rasha gine: a Tvertsa da yawa gidajen lama da majami'u.

River Tvertsa: kama kifi

Na girma ban sha'awa ga masunta wakiltar da babba da kuma tsakiyar kai na kogin. Musamman talakawan, inda located Tigmensky dabbar beaver ajiye. Amma magoya kama damuwa ba ma bukatar barin Tver yanki: da birni samu masunta ce cewa da farko na dumi kwanaki wannan kifi suna cizon kan bloodworm kyau kwarai.