UralZIS- 355M: dalla-dalla. Babbar. Ural Automobile Shuka mai suna bayan Stalin

Masana tarihi m fasahar yi imani da cewa a cikin yini a lokacin da na'ura Miass mota zo karshe UralZIS- 355M, ya ƙarasa da zamanin trehtonki ZIS-5. Ya "Zakhar Ivanovich," kamar yadda ya aka yi wa lakabi da mutane. Wanne a lokacin yaki, ya zama wani labari. To, don me? Gaskiyar cewa 355M shi ne na karshe gyara daga cikin shahararrun "Zahara". Amma da na'ura, ta hanyar, ya zama mai nasara da kuma cikakken zaman kanta ci gaba, aka riƙa tura zuwa baya na Soviet na mota tarihi.

prehistory

A kaka 1941 da Moscow tsaro Enterprises, cikinsu da da Stalin Factory (ZIS), aka kwashe zuwa gabashin kasar, zuwa ga birnin: Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Miass. Nuwamba 30 a wannan shekara, a yanke shawara da aka sanya a kan wani expedited akai Miass Factory №316 a jihar Tsaro kwamitin (GKO), tsunduma a samar da bama-bamai, maida, da kuma amfani da samar da wuraren da babban birnin kasar na gine-gine da kuma Tsarin, don tsara samar da injuna domin motoci da sulke wuraren binciken ababen hawa.

A watan Afrilu 1942, da ayyuka da aka za'ayi - shuka sanã'anta. A shekara daga baya, da yanke shawara a kan T-takardar kudi, da shuka sake jiran canji - a cikin kunkuntar-kamfani samar da manyan motoci. Domin wannan taro shuke-shuke daga Ulyanovsk inda tattara trehtonki ZIS-5B aka canjawa wuri zuwa Miass. Daga wannan lokacin a kan, duk da ikon wani sabon mota factory mayar da hankali a kan samar da manyan motoci.

Ural "Zahar"

Yuli 8, 1944 da factory ƙofofin zo na farko Ural "Zahara", amma a karkashin sunan kansa - UralZIS- 5B.

Miass trehtonki peculiarity shi ne cewa a kwatanta da Moscow model na truck sauki da kuma araha da iyaka. Don yin wannan, niƙe fuka-fuki da taso siffar cire daga tsarin by sa a wurin welded T-dimbin yawa. Ciki gida kwasfa clapboard. Metal Gudun allon da dabaran baki aka maye gurbinsu da itace, da baƙin ƙarfe laka bude yatsun - a kan plywood, biyu fitilu bar kawai hagu (direba ta). Dumama tsarin gida da kuma kofa windows ake yanzu ba a shigar. Birki tsarin aiki ne kawai a kan raya aksali.

Irin matakan da damar kowane inji ajiye 124 kg na sheet karfe cewa yaki yana da matukar muhimmanci. Bugu da kari, da taimako na na'ura, tare da wata 77-horsepower engine ZIS-5M, ya karu da muhimmancin da 35%, kazalika da Ural truck zama tattali zuwa 10-16% idan aka kwatanta da Moscow ZiSami.

Ba har zuwa ranar

Bayan ya dawo Shuka mai suna bayan Stalin daga fitarwa zuwa gidajensu, birnin sashen ci gaba da bunkasa "Zakhar Ivanovich," tafi cikin hanyoyi biyu: a Moscow ZIS-5 da aka fara canza kama zuwa da ZIS-150, sa'an nan zuwa ga ZIS-164, da kuma ta hanyar da ZIS-164A (matsakaici model ) a cikin ZIS-130. Wancan ne, da ci gaba da aka karkashin hanya. A Miass har yanzu muna tattara tsaoho ZIS-5B.

Ba za muyi adalci a ce UralZIS- ba kokarin inganta "Zahara". A shekarar 1947 da Urals fara tasowa UralZIS- 353 - kyautata trehtonki. The aikin ya ci gaba har shekarar 1951, amma akwai wani insoluble matsala: kokarin rabu da mu da haihuwa-kera, mai kusurwa taksi, designers sun fito da wani zaɓi da ya dubi kama da ZIS-150, duk da haka, domin a yi kyawon tsayuwa domin ta serial samarwa a data kasance yanayi ya wuya sosai. A sakamakon haka, aikin a kan aikin da aka tsayar.

wucin gadi awo

Tun da sabon inji ba su yi aiki don kammala, kuma ZIS-5 a kan duk kirga ne m, aka yanke shawarar fara samarwa a kan wani wucin gadi-akai, wani truck alama UralZIS- 5M.

Azahiri, shi kusan ba ya bambanta daga "Zahara", saboda mota da aka har yanzu kafa haihuwa-style gida, kawai fikafikan aka yanzu taso keya, streamlined siffar, kama da wanda ya kasance a kan pre-yaki motoci. Amma a ciki da truck na canza da yawa.

New "shaƙewa" ga tsohon truck

Da farko, da modified "Zahar" yana da wani updated engine, wanda aka inganta: crank da kuma Silinda kai, shigar aluminum pistons da wani sabon carburetor. Tare, wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a canja matsawa rabo da kiwon da shi zuwa 5.7 (tsohon ya 4.6), saboda wannan ya karu ikon da engine (daga 76 zuwa 85 l. C.) Kuma wani 7% raguwa a man fetur da amfani da iko. A saman gudun da na'ura karu da 10 km / h, kuma a yanzu ya 70 km / h.

Har ila yau a cikin mota zane aiwatar da kwarara mai purifier, engine block hita, samar da masana'antu ta farko engine fara-up, ko a lokacin da sanyi a kasa 20 digiri. sabon tuƙi kaya; man fetur tank 110 lita. a 12 wutar lantarki. da kuma da dama sauran kananan inganta. Af, mafi yawan sababbin abubuwa da aka dauka tare da gogaggen "353rd".

Jawabi "353rd"

A shekarar 1956 ya na da damar magance UralZIS- 353 motsa, a karshe, daga matattu batu. A wannan lokaci, da Gorky Automobile Shuka aka aiki a kan Gaz-62. Da farko, designers shirya wannan truck bonit layout. Saboda haka, gida da kanta da aka dan kadan redesigned version na model na Gaz-51. Amma nan da nan watsi da su. Gorky yanke shawarar amfani da Matuka jirgin, wanda za a sanya a cikin engine. Duk da haka, da farko, sun ƙaryata version, kan sarki sun kasance a shirye, da kuma yanzu ba su kasance a bukatar.

AA Lipgart - malami Bauman University, da manyan zanen da gas, da kuma injiniya a factory a Miass, Masani game da matsalolin da Urals. Shi ya shawarci riga ba dole ba a Gaz kan sarki kai abokan aiki a UralZIS-, wanda aka yi.

Car UralZIS- 355M

Tare da saye da sabon taksi UralZIS- 353 kuma samu wani ƙidaya markings - "355M". Ko da yake wannan mota aka dauke wani ci gaba na wani tsohon "Zakhar Ivanovich," a gaskiya wannan ya kusan wani sabon truck model. Wheelbase zauna kusan canzawa, Ina nufin da wannan a matsayin cewa na ZIS-5 (3842 mm), amma ainihin girma UralZIS- canza 355M, yawanci saboda tsawo zuwa 470 mm dandali jiki. Tun da wannan canji shi ne saboda da ƙara load-dauke damar da na'ura (har zuwa 3-5 ton), da kuma jiki da kanta, da kuma ta hawa zuwa ga shasi an ƙarfafa wannan manufa don amfani mai ɗamfarar yi, kazalika da mafi stringent murabba'ai. Af, a fili UralZIS- 355M, da gida wanda shi ne dan kadan bata ne version na Gaz-51, tare da ba da sabon jiki ya kasance kamar mai girma a cikin size, "Lawn."

Na zamani da motor "355 th"

Updated engine na truck ma ya mai babbar bita: zanen kaya yi amfani da shi a cikin rigar Silinda kai tare da ƙara nassi takware, kuma crankcase iska. Bugu da kari, a modified cam profile na wani cam, inganta lubrication tsarin da kuma saka a cikin Silinda block anti-lalata shafi. Saka a kan crankshaft raya man hatimi ware yayyo da man fetur daga cikin crankcase ta hali cewa ZIS-5 da wani muhimmi hasara. Inganta m drive sunadaran rage muhimmanci amo a lokacin engine aiki. A general, Update powertrain UralZIS- 355M rage da nauyi da 30 kg.

Sauran canje-canje yi da zane na truck

The watsa an muhimmanci inganta shaƙewa akwatin packings, amfani da karfafa rikewa shirye-shiryen bidiyo, ta hanyar abin da ya fi tsayi-dakatar uku kaya, kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa da harka a "Zohar". Bugu da ƙari, Cpt mafi daidai a tsakiya tare da girmamawa ga engine crankshaft.

Ba kare hira da gina gadoji UralZIS- 355M. Gaba aka karfafa pivot naúrar, kazalika da yin amfani da shopping maiko. Saboda gaskiya cewa sabon truck an kara gaban dabaran hanya, giciye aksali katako kuma zama ƙara. A raya aksali, shi ne mai haddasa constructors saita riba reducer da rufi a karkashin gefe giya da kuma canja jeri bambanci kofuna.

A gaban dakatar da aka sanya a cikin nau'i na wani elongated leaf marẽmari da buga absorber, da sanya shi kyawawan taushi. Rear, a maimakon haka, ya zama da wuya saboda ya karu giciye-sashe zanen gado podressornikov masu girma dabam.

Don inganta maneuverability na abin hawa, shi ya kafa wani sabon tuƙi inji da taƙaitaccen kinematics da kaya rabo daga 20,5: 1 (v ZIS-5, shi ya 15.9: 1).

Bugu da kari, UralZIS- 355M amfani zamani guda-waya 12-volt tsarin, saita Front da kuma kafa-feda canza button haske (nisa-kusa), da gudun ba da sanda mai kula da shugabanci Manuniya. Domin dare serviceability karkashin kaho shigar fitilar. Bugu da kari, da kayan aiki panel da aka sabunta, da kuma akwai da cabin rufi lighting.

A da kyau patency truck samar da karin yarda, wanda aka dace shigarwa-fita kusassari (44 digiri - gaba, 27.5 - raya), da kuma inganta gogayya halaye na engine.

UralZIS- 355M: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

Sun kasance kamar haka:

• Dabaran dabara - 4x2.
• Girma - 6290 mm x 2280 mm x 2095 mm.
• Ground Clearance - 26,2 mm.
• Wheelbase: raya - 1675 mm, Front - 1611 mm.
• A radius na juyawa (external) - 8.3 mita.
• Babban nauyi - 7050 kg.
• Tsare nauyi - 3400 kg.
• Dangi UralZIS- 355M - 3500 kg.
• Engine ikon - 95 l / s.
• Fuel tank iya aiki - 110 lita.
• Amfani da fetur - 24 lita / 100 km.
• Iyakar gudun - 75 km / h.

Serial samar da sabon mota

Duk da cewa UralZIS- 355M haka dogon kokarin sa cikin samar, shi aka asali shirya don saki daya kawai shekara (1959), sa'an nan kawai domin ka baratadda duka a baya kashe a koda halin kaka. Duk da haka, tsarin bai bar taron jama'a line for shekaru bakwai, da farko saboda high abokin ciniki kimantawa.

Bugu da kari, da zane na mota lokaci zuwa lokaci kara da cewa wasu inganta: a shekara ta 1959 - crossbar cardan zamiya hannun riga aka maye gurbinsu da allura hali, 1960 - a gaban dakatar maimakon na m liba buga absorbers sun kafa mafi alhẽri - telescopic, 1961 - crankcase iska Sai ya zama rufaffiyar.

Duk da yawa biyo baya inganta, bayyanar da na'ura zauna guda, sai dai don canja rubutu bace raguwa "ZIS", da kuma a yanzu da ta duba kamar - "UralAZ". Ko da yake tsakanin direbobin motocin zauna "Zahar," ko kuma shi da aka kira "Urals".

Gyare-gyare "Urals"

A factory samar da wani updated, ko da yake shi ne gaskiya ce, wani sabon "Zahara", a cikin iri biyu: UralZIS- 355M - jirgin, da kuma na biyu - kamar wani shasi, wanda aka fi amfani da karkashin tanki.

Tun "Uralets" copes da flatbed Semi-hukuma taro iya zama biyar ton, kuma real samun kudin shiga da kuma zuwa tara, to, wannan mota ne sau da yawa amfani da wani semitrailer tarakta.

Har ila yau, a bukatar ya kuma UralZIS- 355M - katako, trailer - rushe. Bugu da kari to duk na sama, da shasi 'Zahara' da aka yi amfani da matsayin watering inji, Vans, assenizatorskaya tankuna, kwampreso tashoshin. A shekarar 1958 da Urals saki ko duk-dabaran drive version na truck, duk da haka, jam'iyyar kayan da aka sosai kananan da kuma mafi yawa a cikin Tipper version.

A shekarar 1960 a Kazakhstan a kan tushen da tattara UralZIS- 355M bas da 40 wuraren zama, da kuma wagon-type. A takaice, a mota daga miasstsev juya a kira su musamman nasara, duk da cewa akwai kawai wani canji na wani tsohon trehtonki ZIS-5.

Don inda ka ke so

355 shekaru serial samar na farko ya zo daidai da ci gaban da budurwa kuma fallow asashe, don haka da mota mafi yawa aika zuwa Siberia, da Far East, kazalika a Kazakhstan. A cikin tsakiyar da kuma yammacin ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet da mota da aka tsĩrar a kananan yawa. A shekarar 1962, jam'iyyar na manyan motoci a cikin fitarwa version aka aika zuwa Afghanistan da kuma Finland.

Total mota shuka samar 192 dubu daga wadannan inji. By da bukatunsu na taro samar da kananan yawa, duk da haka da mota ya kafa kansa a matsayin low goyon baya, sosai abin dogara da kuma robust na'ura, da mai, bisa ga matsayin, na dauke iya aiki. Duk da sanarwa a TTX 3.5 ton, musamman ba tare da ƙagauta, ta kasance dauke da, da kuma biyar ton na kaya. Drivers ƙaunace ta kuma kamanta kyautata, domin a wancan lokaci kadan truck iya fariya da gaban da taksi hita. Eh, da kuma nasarar da aka tattara dakatar da engine da kyau gogayya da damar da direba don jin quite m, ko a kan wani mummunar hanya.

A general, UralZIS- 355M, ko da yake ba zama wani labari na Soviet mota masana'antu, duk da haka, da rawar da sauƙi na tunani, AMINCI da sauki iya da kyau isa. Ba don kome ba, saboda wannan inji da aka aika zuwa aiki a mafi wuya a duk mutunta kasar yankuna.

A karshe mota kashe taron layi na sha'anin 16 Oktoba, 1965. A wannan rana, zamanin da "Zakhar Ivanovich" ya ƙare.

Har zuwa yanzu a cikin fiye ko žasa da kyau yanayin shi ya kasance ne kawai game da ashirin da motoci, sa'an nan, mafi yawansu ba su ƙarƙashin da kansa ikon zuwa motsa ba a jihar, da kuma a gyara su ne ba zai yiwu. Kuma duk saboda sassa ba za a iya samu a engine. Hakika, wasu sana'a har yanzu gudanar don shigar karkashin kaho na engine ZIL amma cewa asali da kuma darajar da mota da aka rasa.