Wannan bude English fashin teku Frensis Dreyk?

Shahararren baturen fashin teku Frensis Dreyk zama da hannu a fashin teku Kasadar da shekaru 26 da shekaru, a cikin 1567. Ko a farkon shekara ya kasance memba na Hawkins 'balaguro. Drake May 24, 1572 ya shiga jirgin ruwa daga Plymouth, a yau da kullum iyo. Ya yanke shawarar gudanar da shi a kan kansa jirgin "Eva". Kane Francis, da Yahaya, da aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar aiki wani jirgin, "Pasha". Drake a lokacin wannan yakin da kuma sauran Voyages sanya fashin teku da hare-hare a cikin Caribbean Sea kashe tsibirin Pins (yanzu da tsibiri Matasa) da kuma tekun na kasar Cuba.

Francis koma bayan da yawa "exploits" a Ingila Nuwamba 3, 1580 Koroleva Elizaveta samu shi tare da babbar karrama. Ta ko da ya fashin teku takobi a kan wanda aka rubuta cewa idan Drake ta hit, wanda ke nufin cewa cikin mulkin bugi. Elizabeth ya yi marhabin Sir Francis take. Ya zama Admiral na Birtaniya Navy da kuma memba na majalisar dokokin kasar. M, ko ba haka ba? Duk da haka, duk da wannan Frensis Dreyk aka yankewa. A kaka 1580, ya koma ba kawai daga 'yan fashin teku yaƙin neman zaɓe. Francis tafiya a duniya. Bayan karanta wannan labarin, za ka koyi cewa ya gano Frensis Dreyk kuma ƙarshen ya balaguro. Mun kuma daki-daki, a kan yadda za a tafi, ta hanyar da ya shahara tafiya.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa babu wanda ya koya masa don gudanar da wani circumnavigation, kuma baicin, da fashin teku da aka ba shirin a kan shi. A waɗannan kwanaki, da yawa Gwargwadon binciken da aka yi da dama, a sakamakon unforeseen yanayi.

Shiri domin yin iyo

Frensis Dreyk a cikin kaka na 1577 kammala shirye-shiryen da ɗan fashin teku yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya shirya ya tafi zuwa ga Pacific (yamma) Coast ta Kudu Amurka. Training iya yi tare da taimakon m hannu da shuni, cikinsu da Koroleva Elizaveta kanta. A ra'ayin na yaƙin neman zaɓe ya sauki: Spaniards bai sa ran wani hari a kan gabar yammacin kasar na Kudancin Amirka da ko dai teku, ko ta ƙasa. Saboda haka, za ka iya kusan tare da samun hukunci yi fashi jiragen ruwa da kuma gabar teku ƙauyuka.

Fita zuwa teku, da tsayawa a San Julian

Jirgin Francis Drake (akwai 4) a karshen 1577 zo daga Plymouth. Kamar yadda a farkon Afrilu na gaba shekara Pirates samu zuwa bakin kogin. La Plata. Bayan sanya wani gajeren zango, suka tafi kudu. Pirates tafi tare da bakin tekun na Patagonia. Wannan shi ne sunan zamani Argentina, yana tsawaita daga mashigar na Magellan zuwa kogin gado. Rio Negro. A San Julian bay a kudancin Patagonia, da flotilla Francis yanke shawarar yin tasha. Ba zato ba tsammani, an san cewa a cikin wannan bay Magellan damuna a Yuni - Oktoba 1520

Matsalolin ci karo da tawagar

Bayan wannan dakatar da flotilla tafi a kan, duk da haka, tuni a cikin uku jiragen ruwa. Gaskiyar cewa daya jirgin ya karkatattun da aka ƙone bisa ga umurnin Drake. Ba da da ewa matafiya kai mashigar na Magellan. Ya tortuous da wuya da Fairway kawai gudanar da cin nasara kwanaki 20. A matuƙan suna fama da sanyi. Yana da aka Yuli, da kuma shi ne a cikin Southern Hemisphere, da coldest watan. A karshe, cikin tawagar sun ci gaba da tekun Pacific da kuma za su ci gaba da motsa arewa da yammacin sahara. Nan da nan, Pirates ta kãma karfi hadari. Daya jirgin na uku bace. Maimakon haka, ya fado kuma Muka nutsar da wani wuri a cikin teku. Wani jirgin sake shigar da mashigar na Magellan. Pirates, sailing ga jirgin gudanar ya koma Ingila. Akwai daya ne kawai jirgin. A da flagship na Francis Drake "Golden Hind".

Drake sanya wani samu

Jirgin bayan da hadari juya a kira su da nisa da kudu. Frensis Dreyk lura cewa Tierra del Fuego ƙare a nan. An located kudu da sararin teku. Wannan saboda, kwatsam, aka yi wani muhimmin Gwargwadon samu. Ya zama a sarari cewa Tierra del Fuego - tsibirin. A baya can an yi tunanin cewa shi wani bangare ne na wani unknown ƙasar. Abin da ya bude Frensis Dreyk, yana da matukar muhimmanci. Daga baya mashigar tsakanin Antarctica da kuma Kudancin Amirka wajaba zama da aka sani da Drake nassi.

Hare-hare a kan Spanish jirãge, arziki ganima

Ocean karshe ya kwanta daga barin, da kuma yanayin inganta. Noticing wannan, Frensis Dreyk ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da wannan balaguro. Fashin teku gangarawa arewa guda jirgin. A gabansa da kusanci da subtropics, tawagar kayatar. A matuƙan fara manta da wahalhalu na tafiya, abin da suka samu a fannin Tierra del Fuego bayan zo na farko Spanish jiragen ruwa. A sakamakon hare-hare a kan su riqe da "Golden Deer" Ya hankali zama cike da duwatsu masu daraja da zinariya.

Drake ba tare da gaggawa bukatar ba dauki rayukan waɗanda suka washe. Saboda wannan, ya fashin teku aiki ya faru tare da kusan babu hasara a tawagar. Drake kafa tare da Chilean Indiyawan kusan dangantakar abokantaka. Availability na ruwan inabi, da abinci da kuma mata daga gida kabilu, arziki ganima zama lada ga wahalhalu da hatsarori da samun a da. Drake kama da Spanish galleon, wanda aka dauke kayan ado da zinariya daga yankunan Amirka da Spanish taskar. Ba kowane ɗan fashin teku iya fariya irin wannan nasara. Samu dũkiya da aka haka mai girma cewa suna da babu inda riga shipping. Yana da ya wajaba don komawa zuwa mahaifarsa, amma ta yaya?

samu

Hakika, Francis bai sani ba, kuma ba zai iya sani game da tsare-tsaren na Spain. Duk da haka, kamar yadda wani gogaggen kyaftin, ya ya iya jira abin da Spanish jiragen ruwa, don ya kashe shi, tafi ta mashigar Magellan zuwa. Kuma haka ya faru. Yana da ya wajaba domin ya ceci mutane da kansu da kuma sata lu'ulu'ai. Kuma abin da suka aikata Frensis Dreyk? Ya yanke shawarar zuwa arewa, motsi tare da yamma bakin tekun na Amirka. A tsawon wannan hanyar ne mai ban mamaki. Drake dauki teku daga Tierra del Fuego (ba shakka, da tsayawa sau da yawa a kan tudu) tare da bakin tekun na Chile da kuma Peru, ta Mexico da kuma Tsakiyar America, ƙasar tare da gabar yammacin kasar na Amurka a yau. A karshen ya kai 48th digiri N, wato, sanya shi ga Amurka da kan iyaka da Canada a yau. A total tsawon wannan hanya ne a kalla 20 thous. Km, a matsayin abin hawa ne motsi ba tsananin tare da Meridian. The jirgin taso keya bakin tekun na nahiyar Amirka.

M, kuma m zuwa gabar yammacin kasar karkata. Sun gudu tsananta, Francis ya shirya, wata ila ya isa tekun Atlantic, taso keya cikin Arewacin Amirka. Duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a gudanar da wani, a matsayin 'yan fashi da aka ba a sani ba, shin, akwai wata hanya. Akwai kawai hanya daya daga - a juya zuwa yamma, gano kansu a cikin wilds na tekun Pacific. Je kudu maso yammacin, Drake kai Marianas bayan watanni 3. Cikin jirgin ko da 1,5-2 watanni sun koma tsakanin tsibirin na Molucca tarin tsiburai. Drake, a yankin iya da kyau hadu da Portuguese ko Spanish warships. Duk da haka, ya yi sa'a don kauce wa wadannan ci karo da.

A karshe mataki na tafiya

A na gaba mataki na sanannen ɗan fashin teku sailing za a iya kira musamman a cikin irin. Drake ta jirgin sa ze tashi daga tsibirin Java ta cikin tekun Indiya da Cape of Good Hope. Matafiya wanda taso keya da Cape, koma arewa. Sai suka yanke shawarar gudãna tare da gabar yammacin Afrika da kuma Yaren Kasar Larabawa. Bayan wani lokaci, da Pirates samu zuwa Bay na Biscay. A Plymouth suka isa a farkon Nuwamba 1580 Saboda haka, tsawon lokaci na tafiya a cikin shekaru 3 juya circumnavigation.

Yabo Francis Drake

Fashin teku Frensis Dreyk - na biyu kyaftin bayan F. Magellan, wanda gudanar da tafiye-tafiye a duniya. Duk da haka, ya kasance yafi m fiye da wanda ya gada. Bayan Magellan bai samu zuwa Portugal. Ya aka kashe a wani skirmish da mazauni ne, wanda ya faru a Philippine Islands. Bayan 1.5 shekaru bayan mutuwarsa kadai tsira jirgin sa a Lisbon tawagar 'yan suka gudanar don tsira.

Nasarori Francis Drake kunshi ba kawai a gaskiyar cewa ya ya iya a wani hatsari da kuma dogon tafiya zuwa ceci ransa. Ya mayar da mafiya yawa daga cikin matuƙan jirgin "Golden Hind". Bugu da kari, Francis Drake galleon karkashin sirri umurnin da shugaban da aka kawo Plymouth mai tashar jiragen ruwa (England). Bugu da kari, cikin jirgin wani babban kaya na zinariya, kuma daban-daban da kwanoni masu daraja.

Nan da nan bayan wannan tafiya (1577-1580) Francis Drake fashin teku mai sauki kamar yadda ya shekaru da dama da suka wuce, ya zama girmama duk da Birtaniya Admiral na rundunar motoci. Sarauniyar Ingila bayar da shi duk da karrama. Binciken Francis Drake aka yaba.

Bayan haka, sau da yawa, Francis ya tafi zuwa teku. Ya yi yaƙi da Spanish tasoshin. Francis a 1588, ya dauki bangare a kangewa harin da Spanish Armada. The yaƙi ya ƙare a nasara ga Turanci. Shahararren ɗan fashin teku ya mutu a 1596, a shekarar da ta shige tafi na gaba tafiya. A Caribbean, ya mutu daga dysentery.

Drake nassi

Kuma a yau, a matsatsiyar haɗa da Kudu Shetland Islands da Tierra del Fuego, da ake kira a cikin girmamawa ga fashin teku. A layperson zai yi tunanin cewa wannan shi ne wasu irin rashin fahimta ko tarihi son sani. Amma yanzu da shike mun sani duk cikin yanayi na wannan yanayin, muna iya cewa babu abin da ba daidai ba tare da amincewa. All gaskiya, saboda Drake ya yi yawa ga kasarsa. Amma ba kawai domin ta. Abin da bai Frensis Dreyk to labarin kasa, ba kasa, da kuma watakila mafi muhimmanci.