Winter hatsin rai: general description

Winter hatsin rai ne musamman muhimmanci fodder da abinci da amfanin gona, wanda ya hada da babban adadin furotin (har zuwa 15 bisa dari) da carbon (81 bisa dari). Bugu da kari, a cikin kõwace zangarniya akwai ƙwãya dauke da bitamin A, B, da kuma E. Daga gari a gasa burodi hatsin rai, da nazarin halittu darajar da caloric abun ciki ya wuce alkama m. Babban agronomic muhimmancin al'adu, na farko, shi ne cewa saboda ta m girma da kuma high tillering shi ne iya yadda ya kamata kashe weeds. Hatsin rai bran, hatsi da kuma gari ana amfani a cikin wani nau'i na mayar da hankali abinci, wanda ba na baya perennial ciyawa a quality. Bugu da kari, hunturu hatsin rai kuma amfani da fasaha dalilai. More musamman, shi za a iya sarrafa a kan molasses barasa da sitaci, da kuma daga cikin bambaro, don samar da ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma acetic acid.

Al'adu aka kafa daga wani sako cewa infests alkama amfanin gona. A wuri na asali yana dauke kudu maso gabashin Asiya da kuma Caucasus. A Ukraine, hunturu hatsin rai na farko ya bayyana a kusa da farko Millennium BC, da farko ya ambaci namo a kan ƙasa na Rasha ranar baya zuwa tara karni. Yanzu ta namo ne tartsatsi, ba kawai a cikin kasar amma kuma a Amurka da yammacin Turai. Duk da wannan, a cikin duniya-kan-shekara a cikin dukan hatsi da amfanin gona hatsin rai aka located a kan daya daga cikin na karshe wurare. A fannin ta shekara-shekara amfanin gona ne game da ashirin kadada miliyan. Lokacin da girma a kan hatsin rai m kasa da kuma tare da bullo da wani isasshen adadin taki da shi ya ba mai kyau da ake samu (har zuwa 20 a kowace kadada quintals). A lokaci guda, idan aka kwatanta da alkama wannan adadi game da rabin kasa.

Yanzu 'yan kalmomi game da lokacin da shuka hatsin rai hunturu. Wannan ne yake aikata a cikin kaka, lokacin da cikin talakawan zafin jiki ne game da goma sha biyar digiri. A wannan yanayin, da yawa m iya samun lalace ta parasites, da al'adu kanta mafi kafe. Amfanin gona da za su iya jure sanyi na 25 digiri. Germination fara faruwa ne a cikin ƙasa ko a 2 digiri na zafi da kuma sada harbe kafa a lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ne 10 digiri. Godiya ta zuwa ga kyau-raya tushen tsarin na hunturu hatsin rai daukawa ko da spring fari. Haka kuma, a lokacin da su girma al'adu ne ba sosai wuya a kan zafi, don haka da kyau-raya da kuma dogon ruwa sama sosai, kuma a cikin zãfi. Yana ba choosy da ƙasa da irin. Hatsin rai kullum tsiro ko da a kan m, kuma infertile gona. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran amfanin gona shi ne mafi alhẽri garwaya da phosphorus da potassium kai tsaye daga ƙasa.

A mafi yadu amfani muna da tetraploid da diploid irin hunturu hatsin rai. Bambanci tsakanin su ta'allaka ne da yawan chromosomes cewa yin up da somatic Kwayoyin da shuka. A farko daga cikin wadannan jinsuna bayyana gwada da kwanan nan, kuma yana da 28 chromosomes. Kamar yadda a karo na biyu, to, shi yana da 14 chromosomes. More tartsatsi diploid iri. A mafi m daga gare su, kamar Niva, Will da Boguslavka. The kungiyar lura tetraploid Satumba Puhovchanku da Drevlyane.