Winter Palace a St. Petersburg: description, tarihi

A tarihin Winter Palace a St. Petersburg, kazalika da yawa wasu gine-gine a cikin birnin, ta fara a lokacin Tsar Peter I. A 1711, hukumar gama sarki gina wani abu kamar wani hunturu zama, wanda aka kira da Winter Palace. Shi ne mai kankanin biyu-storey gidan tare da wani rufin fale-falen da kuma wani babban shirayi da matakai. A tarihin Winter Palace a St. Petersburg ne quite ban sha'awa da Multi-mataki. To, yana da lokaci zuwa za a fara wannan tarihi tafiya.

Biyu Winter Palace

Yayin da shekaru wuce, birnin girma cikin sauri, da kuma more kuma mafi mutane, kusa da sarki (watau sarki), ya fara gina nasu kadarori a St. Petersburg. Bitrus I, mana, kuma ya so wani lush hutu gida. Saboda haka akwai sanannen Winter Palace a St. Petersburg. Na biyu fada da aka gina dama kusa na farko da m I. Matarnovi. A fadar da aka sani kawai dan kadan ya fi girma fiye da farko, amma da shi da aka gina da dutse, kuma amma mafi yawan shi ne lura da cewa shi ne a nan a 1725, ya mutu Tsar Peter I. Bayani game da Winter Palace a St. Petersburg tsira sosai da wani yawon shakatawa za su iya kaina kalle wurin sarki mutuwa.

Uku Winter Palace

Architect Domenico Trezzini dauki sama da na zamani da na biyu Winter Palace kusan nan da nan bayan rasuwar sarki. A gini juya fitar gaske mai girma da kuma majestic. Biyu Winter Palace ya yamma reshe, da kuma a kan na uku wuri na babban dakin ne yanzu da hermitage Theater. Game da Winter Palace a St. Petersburg, za ka iya gaya mai yawa, kuma shi ne kawai karamin sulusi da murabba'i na dukan manyan labarun.

hudu Palace

Masana tarihi na hudu fada ake dangantawa da sunan Anny Ioannovny. Finicky empress aka m da cewa wasu daga Admiral Apraksin Palace fi girma, kuma ya aukaka fiye da ta ... amma ya kasance ba babban isa da kyau ga Her ɗaukakarsa. Architect Rastrelli warware wannan matsalar kamar haka: shi ya a haɗe zuwa data kasance uku fada sosai tsawon jiki. Wannan tsarin da aka kira "The hudu Winter Palace a St. Petersburg." Brief bayanin irin wadannan wurare: a grand fada da biyu lafiya facades. Rastrelli ya gaske a talented m.

A karo na biyar da na shida milestone

Biyar fada da aka sani kawai wucin gadi, ba wani m katako tsari, wanda aka ma dake da nisa daga bankuna na Neva. Amma na shida fada da gaske indescribably grand. A general, duk Winter Palace a St. Petersburg ya m domin ta lokaci. A wannan lokaci a gaban babban m ya kusan unbeatable kalubale: samar da aikin na fada da kuma sanya shi a cikin yi shekara biyu! Irin wannan shi ne whim na nan Empress Elizabeth!

A shida fada aiki dubban yan sana'a, painters, foundry ma'aikata, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Babbar yankunan da kuma albarkatun da aka kasaftawa da bukatun da yi. Amma babban injiniya Rastrelli san cewa shekara biyu ya ba sarrafa, da kuma ci gaba nema tsawo. A karshen, tare da tsananin wahalar, ya gudanar don samun Empress mika shi ga wata shekara.

The m baiwa na Rastrelli

A ƙarshe, shi ya juya cikakken Winter Palace a St. Petersburg. A taƙaitaccen bayanin shi ne wannan: da gigantic girma na art. A fadar da biyu facades: daya tafi zuwa yankin, da sauran - ga Neva. A lokacin warmer sau na shekara fadar aka nuna a cikin ruwan kogin, wanda rubanya sakamako.

Genius Rastrelli daidai juna biyu ciki layout na fada. Yana kunshi uku benaye. Located a kan na farko da ofisoshin a kan na biyu - da staterooms da majami'u biyu, da kuma na uku bene da aka kasaftawa gaba ɗaya zuwa kotu. A general, a fādar, akwai 460 daban-daban da dakuna, wanda yana da ban mamaki gama. Wata kila wannan shi ne saboda da m bincike Rastrelli iya amince ce cewa key janye daga St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Mutuwa na Empress da sabon mai shi daga cikin fadar

Empress Elizabeth, a fili a sume ji da sananne rasuwar, don haka ya so ya Project ta fada da zaran gama kamar yadda zai yiwu. Duk da haka, ta mutu a cikin wani wucin gadi katako, gidan sarauta na biyar, kuma ba su gani ya Winter Palace.

A 1761, da gidan sarki "ci" Tsar Peter III. Ya aka musamman farin ciki da wannan yanki na gine-gine da art da kuma yanke shawarar girmama Rastrelli daraja da Manjo Janar. Duk da haka, ya koma kursiyin a 1962 Catherine II halakar da aiki mai girma m, kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Italiya, inda ya kuma ci gaba da aiki a kan sana'a.

A kadan game da aiwatar da gini

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a yi dubban serfs aka hannu. Kawai wani kankanin sulusi da murabba'i na su aka bai da damar rayuwa kuma barci a cikin dakin na Winter Palace, amma mafi ana sanya shi a cikin bukkoki dama a kan Admiralty fadamun. Masu sayarwa da wani ɓangare na gari, ganin duk da wannan talla, overstated farashin abinci, da kuma biya domin abinci deducted daga albashi na ma'aikatan. Yana ba sabon abu ba, kuma haka cewa ma'aikacin zauna a cikin bashin da m bayan ranar biya. Ka ce, wasu Masons ko da jin matsananciyar yunwa ga mutuwa, don haka da yanayin kasance tsananin. Winter Palace a St. Petersburg, kamar Great Wall of China, jihar bukaci da a gaskiya rabo daga albarkatun. A wannan lokacin, Rasha shi ne a yaki da Prussia, ƙirƙirãwa makamai juya sananne ba daya, domin mafi maƙera na da hannu a cikin shiri na Winter Palace.

Construction na Winter Palace akwai game da miliyan 2.5 rubles, a kuma waɗannan kwanaki da ruble ya matukar muhimmanci da kudin.

Wuta a cikin Winter Palace

A 1837, shi ya faru mai tsanani hadari - mai kyau Winter Palace m! Dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari shi ne gazawar da da bututun hayaki. The girma na wuta kasance, haƙĩƙa, imbin - 30 hours shi aka shãfe haskensu dama battalions na Guards regiments, biyu kamfanoni na fada wuta, wani kamfanin na fada grenadiers da kuma daruruwan "raka'a." Ƙoƙarin ajiye fada dukiya, da sojoji cike take kwanciya tubalin kofa, kokarin dakatar da wuta, da rufin dismantled yanki da yanki, don su iya zuba ruwa a kan saman, amma ainihin amfani ne ba a kawo.

sabuntawa na fada

Lokacin da wuta karshe ya mutu saukar, shi ne zai yiwu a sami kawai ganuwar da ceilings na farko bene - komai aka maras kyau fiye da fitarwa. A 1837 aka fara maido da ayyuka, wanda ya ƙare ne kawai bayan shekaru uku (yi tunani cewa, a daidai wannan lokaci da Winter Palace aka gina daga karce). Kuma duk da cewa aiki a kowace rana don shiga ta 10 dubu. Ma'aikata. Tun lokacin da na asali zane na fada ya dauki wata babbar adadin lokaci, da yawa daga cikin zane-zane da aka rasa, sa'an nan gine-ginen da su improvise. A sakamakon da Winter Palace a St. Petersburg muhimmanci canza kama, gano zamani look siffofin gine. Saboda haka akwai, a gaskiya, "ta bakwai version" na gidan sarauta. Description na Winter Palace a St. Petersburg da wadannan: fari-kore bayyanar tare da kuri'a da ginshikan da saduwa akai-akai da zinariya ado.

Da wutar lantarki da kuma ciki modernization

A lokaci tazara 1869-1888, da manyan gidãje a kowane hanya hažaka: telefoniziruyut, wutan lantarki, gazofitsiruyut, gudanar da wani ruwa bututu. Af, domin da wutar lantarki na Winter Palace a kan ta biyu bene da aka gina ikon shuka, wanda tsawon shekaru 15 da aka dauke da most a Turai.

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da daban-daban halaye na fada da aka akai-akai hõre da haɓaka ciki da kuma zanen bangon. Babu irin wannan launuka a cikin wani bakan gizo bakan, wanda aka ba stained a lokacin da Winter Palace. Alal misali, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a gidan sarauta ya combative arziki ja launi.

Winter Palace yau

A labarin na Winter Palace a St. Petersburg ya zo ga ƙarshe. Yanzu ya wanzu a alliance tare da m sinimomi kuma da ya ƙunshi tare da su guda hadaddun "hermitage". Wannan shi ne na karshe, na takwas version. Rago da kuma wani m mataki entitles nagartaccen look amincewa ce da cewa key janye daga St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Yanzu da m Winter Palace aka bude domin ziyara da kuma tarihi yawon shakatawa. Description na Winter Palace a St. Petersburg, daga bakin wani gogaggen tarihi ne da gaske m. Yawon bude ido suna da hakkin su ji dadin daidai trimmed kursiyin zauren na St. George, da Golden Room ko m boudoir cike da wani babbar dama madubai da zinariya ado. Har ila yau daraja uchidet Malachite Room tare da m kore ginshikan da majestic concert zauren. Har ila yau yana da wani ma'adanar da yawa na asali ayyuka.