100 mafi kyaun littattafan duk lokacin

Labarin duniya ya samo asali ne daga al'adun dubban dubban littattafan kowane lokaci da mutane. Don samun fahimtar abubuwan da kowanne daga cikinsu ya dace shine aikin da ba zai yiwu ba ko ga geeks. Masana sun gano cewa mutum yana iya karantawa fiye da littattafan littafi guda ɗaya, ciki har da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya. Kada ku ɓata lokacinku akan ayyukan maras amfani da littattafai na tabloid, sa'annan ku ji dadin karanta ainihin kayan aiki. Yi jerin jerin litattafai 100 mafi kyawun lokaci kuma gano manyan marubuta da ra'ayinsu na har abada.

Da muhimmancin da tsoho litattafai

Mujallu na Amirka sun saba da fina-finai mafi kyau, fina-finai da littattafai. Masana sunyi la'akari da dandano kowane mutum kuma suna samun sakamakon da ke da ban sha'awa da soyayya, skepticism da farinciki.

Kalmomi biyu masu girma, wanda Homer ya rubuta a karni na 8 BC, tayar da sha'awar masu karatu har yanzu. "Odyssey" - labari ne na al'amuran Sarkin Ithaca, wanda aka yi masa hijira tare da Calypso nymph har shekaru goma, sa'an nan kuma ya koma gida. Ya sanya tara tafiye-tafiye: ziyarci lotus masu cin da Cyclopes, a tsibirin Aeolus, ogres da, enchantress Circe, a cikin matattu, daga sirens, tsakanin Scylla da Charybdis, a tsibirin Helios.

A cikin jerin "100 littattafan mafi kyawun lokaci" a wuri na takwas tare da "Odyssey" shine "Iliad". Wannan jaruntaka almara game da yaki tsakanin Troy da Sparta. Wanda ya aikata mummunar rikici shi ne Sarauniya Elena, wanda Paris ta sace tare da taimakon Aphrodite. The waka bayyana Odysseus kansa: ya zo up tare da yi na katako, Trojan doki, a cikin abin da sojoji suke boye a dare da fāɗa wa birnin.

Me ya sa kowa yana son Tolstoy?

Babban marubutan Rasha na karni na 19, Lev Nikeevich ya san shi ne marubucin "War and Peace". Wannan aikin ne wanda ke buɗe jerin jerin littattafan 100 mafi kyawun lokaci duk da Newsweek. Wannan littafi ya ƙunshi nau'i hudu, wanda akwai shafuka guda ɗaya da rabi, amma wannan adadi ba ya tsoratar da sanannun wallafe-wallafe. Tolstoy an gabatar da shi a cikin tarihin fiye da mutane 500, wanda shine babban iyalin Rostov da Bolkonsk. A cikin littafi, kowa zai sami lokuta masu ban sha'awa: bayanin sakin batutuwan yaƙi, kwakwalwa na mutane, labarun soyayya da cin amana.

"Anna Karenina" ita ce littafi na biyu mafi shahararren Tolstoy, wadda ta samu wurin a jerin jerin labarai na Newsweek da kuma mujallu na BBC. Wannan labari ya harbe fina-finai talatin a duk faɗin duniya. Mene ne asirin wannan nasarar? Tolstoy ya nuna mace mai ban sha'awa ga karni na goma sha tara, ba aure ba domin ƙauna kuma tilasta wa neman farin ciki a gefe.

Shakespeare ta tarihi

Sunan babban mawallafin Ingilishi da kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo na Renaissance ya bayyana a cikin ƙimar "100 littattafan mafi kyawun lokaci" sau hudu. Cikin jerin hada da bala'i "alƙarya," "Sarkin Lear", "Othello" da kuma tarin na sonnets. Abin sani ne cewa ba'a hada mahimman littafin poetic na wasu marubuta ba cikin jerin.

Babban rikici a cikin masifar da Shakespeare ke da ita shine madawwamin rikici tsakanin mai kyau da mugunta. Marubucin ya haɓaka da fasaha mai kyau da hotunan haruffa. A cikin bala'i, Shakespeare ba ya koyar da mai karatu, amma yana neman ya nuna ainihin kaddarorin yanayin ɗan adam.

Mutane ba su rarraba cikin jinsi ba, wadannan races suna rabu da mutane da wadanda ba 'yan uwa ba ...

Tun kwanan nan, an gabatar da rubutu a cikin littattafai a makarantun Amurka. Ayyuka kan magance wariyar launin fata shine a jerin jerin littattafai 100 mafi kyawun lokaci, amma wakilan ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa sunyi imanin cewa yara ba sa bukatar magance matsalar.

Har ya zuwa kwanan nan, marubucin Harper Lee "Don Kashe Mockingbird" ya karanta tare da jin dadi da matasa a makarantun Amurka da yawa, amma a yau ana tambayarsa bincikensa. Littafin ya fada game da ayyukan lauyan Atticus Finch, wanda ya kare Negro. Matalauta matalauta ne wanda aka yaudararsa: yarinya mai launin fata ya yaudare shi. Mahaifinta ya same ta a bayan wannan aikin kuma ya yi masa mummunan rauni, ya kuma zarge shi. Atticus sanya abokan gaba, amma bai daina digressing daga gaskiya kuma ya yi yãƙi har ya zuwa karshen, tabbatar da rashin laifi na baƙar fata.

Littafin Ralph Ellison "The Invisible Man" ya fada game da wahalar da wani Negro ke zaune a Amurka. Wani matashi dole ne ya kasance a cikin ɓoye don kada ya zama wanda ya faru da wariyar launin fata.

"Lolita". Jawabin marubucin

Bangarori masu ban sha'awa na Vladimir Nabokov sun ki yarda a Soviet Union, saboda haka marubucin ya gudanar da ayyukansa a waje. Littafin sanannen "Lolita" an rubuta shi a cikin Turanci kuma an buga shi a 1955 a birnin Paris, kuma rabin karni daga baya ya shiga jerin "100 littattafan mafi kyawun lokaci". Nabokov yana jin tsoro cewa labari ba zai fahimta ba, saboda haka ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙone littafin farko, amma matarsa ta ajiye takardun.

A kasashe da dama na Turai an dakatar da littafin har yanzu. Masana sunyi jayayya cewa yana inganta pedophilia, a matsayin babban haruffan littafi - Humbert-Humbert mai shekaru 40 da 'yar yarinya mai shekaru goma sha biyu - kwarewa ga jiki. Don samun kusantar Lolita, wani mutum ya auri mahaifiyarta, wanda motar ta kwashe.

Wani yaro tare da wari ya lashe duniya

Marubucin Ingilishi Joan Rowling ya sami daraja bayan rubuta litattafan game da Harry Potter. Yarinyar ya rasa iyayensa a jariri, kuma danginsa sun haɗu da dangi. Wata rana Harry ta sami wasiƙar ta hanyar wasiƙa da gayyata don yin karatu a Hogwarts - makarantar sihiri. Daga baya yaron ya koyi cewa iyayensa masu sihiri ne, kuma a kan goshinsa ya karɓa daga Volan de Mort. Ba da daɗewa ba, Potter ya sadu da mai sihiri a cikin jiki kuma sau biyu ya ci nasara da shi.

Kwanan wata, an kida fina-finai 8 a duk litattafai game da yaron da bala'i. Litattafan farko na farko sun haɗa su cikin jerin "100 littattafan mafi kyawun lokaci" (BBC). A shekara ta 2004, a karo na farko a cikin tarihin 'yan adam, Joan Rowling ya sami dala biliyoyin da ya rubuta littattafai, kuma bayan shekaru 10 sai ta kasance na 13 a matsayin manyan mata a cikin kasar.

Waɗanne mawallafa ne a kan jerin "100 mafi kyawun littattafan duk lokaci"?

Bisa ga BBC, a cikin ranking na duniya da wallafe-wallafen Masterpieces cancanci zama 200 aiki mafi yawa waje marubuta. An tsara jerin sune fiye da shekaru goma da suka gabata ta hanyar zaben mai kallo. Hanya na farko ya cancanci littafin nan "Ubangiji na Zobba", na gaba guda biyu - "Mai Girma da Ƙinƙanci" da kuma "Mafarin Farko". Rufe biyar na littafin "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" da "Harry Potter da Gurasar Wuta." A saman goma zo a cikin labari "Don kashe wani Mockingbird," "1984," "Winnie da Pooh kuma duk-duk-duk," "The Lion, da mayya da kuma cikin Wardrobe" da kuma "Kama-22".

Marubucin Terry Pratchett ya samu jerin sau 15, Jacqueline Wilson - 14, Roald Dahl - 9, Charles Dickens - 7. Joan Rowling ya shiga sau hudu, kamar Thomas Hardy; Stephen King - sau uku, kuma Gabriel Garcia Marquez - sau biyu.

Na Rasha marubuta American 'yan ƙasa da dangantaka da Lva Tolstogo labari "War kuma aminci ya tabbata" (20th wuri) da kuma "Anna Karenina" (54th wuri). Fedor Dostoevsky da hukuncin kisa (60th place), Mikhail Bulgakov tare da Master da Margarita (130th) da Vladimir Nabokov da Lolita (178th place).

Non-fiction

Rayuwa a Amurka na dogon lokaci tunani game da abin da ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kundin litattafai 100 mafi kyawun lokaci. Jerin yana kunshe ne da fiction, amma ya bambanta littattafai biyu na wani nau'i, wanda abin da ya kamata ya zama sananne ga kowane mutum mai daraja. Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya ɗauki wuri 41 a cikin tarihin Newsweek. Littafi Mai Tsarki ba'a girmama Krista da Yahudawa kawai ba, har ma da wakilan sauran addinai. An rubuta marubutan littafi ne ga marubuta da yawa waɗanda suka rayu a cikin zamani daga karni na 15 zuwa BC zuwa karni na farko na sabuwar karni.

"Capital" na Karl Marx ya dauki wuri na 30. Littafin yana da amfani ba kawai ga tattalin arziki ba, har ma ga sauran mutane da suke so su koyi ka'idojin tattalin arziki. Marubucin ya taso ra'ayin cewa babban birnin shine tushen al'umma na zamani, kuma ba tare da shi ba ne wanda ba zai iya ganewa ba.