A amfani da iskar gas. Halitta gas: abun da ke ciki, Properties

Abin da muka sani a kan hydrocarbons? To, shi ne cewa wani abu ne daga cikin makaranta shirin a cikin sunadarai, amma lokaci-lokaci glimpsed a kafofin watsa labarai da kalmar "meta" ... Abin da muka sani game da gas, ban da ta m Properties? Mene ne mafi amfani da iskar gas, a Bugu da kari ga sanannun mana dafa abinci da kuma dumama a zama gine-gine? Mene ne sabon ke faruwa a duniya da makamashi da kuma makamashi tsaro?

key Properties

Don fara da, cewa shahara magana game da wari daga gas a cikin Apartment, ko a kan titi ne ba quite daidai. A gas, wacce ake kawota mana don dafa ko Apartments for dumama ruwa, babu dandano, babu wari. Abin da muka ji, muka bã kõme ba ne fãce wani musamman ƙari zama dole domin sanin gas zuba. Wannan ake kira odorant, shi ne kara a musamman sanye take da shuke-shuke a cikin wadannan rabbai: 16 MG da dubu cubic mita gas.

Babban bangaren iskar gas, ba shakka, shi ne methane. Da abun ciki a cikin gas cakuda shi ne game da 89-95%, da sauran aka gyara - shi ne butane, propane, hydrogen sulfide da ake kira impurities - turɓãya da incombustible aka gyara, oxygen da kuma nitrogen. A kashi na methane ciki dogara a kan irin ajiya.

A samar da makamashi na iskar gas saki a lokacin konewa na daya cubic mita man fetur da aka kira shi da zafin konewa. Wannan darajar ne daya daga cikin na farko a duk fannoni na zayyana iskar gas, da kuma a cikin kasashe daban-daban da ake dauka a matsayin dalilin daban-daban dabi'u. A Rasha, da lissafi ne sanya a kan net calorific darajar, a kasashen turai, kamar Faransa da Birtaniya - a kan hakan.

Da yake jawabi na fashewar gas, yana da daraja ambata Concepts kamar iyãkõkin m da kuma kawo hadari yawa. Gas fashe a maida hankali a cikin dakin kuma daga 5 zuwa 15% da kundinta. Idan taro ne m, da gas bai ƙone ba, idan da maida hankali ne mafi girma fiye da 15%, da gas-iska cakuda konewa a ƙarin iska wadata. Hadari maida hankali ne ake kira 1/5 na ƙananan m iyaka, Ina nufin 1%.

Sansanonin daban da kuma amfani da iskar gas

Butane da propane aka yi amfani a matsayin makãmashin motocin (liquefied gas). Har ila yau, propane amfani ga ciko lighters. Ethane a matsayin man fetur da aka wuya amfani da matsayin albarkatun kasa domin samar da polyethylene. Acetylene ne musamman flammable da ake amfani a waldi da kuma yankan karafa. A amfani da iskar gas, su zama daidai - methane, mun riga shawarce, shi ne amfani da combustible man fetur a slabs, ginshikan da boilers.

Bambancin samar iskar gas

Bisa ga iri cirewa gas adibas kasu kashi gas ko wucewa. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin su ta'allaka ne da yawan hydrocarbons. A gas filayen methane abun ciki na game 80-90%, a free ko, kamar yadda suke fiye da ake kira har yanzu, "mai", da abun ciki shi ne ba fiye da 50%. Sauran 50% - a propane-butane gas da kuma rabu da danyen gas. Daya daga cikin manyan disadvantages na hade gas daga filin ake bukata da kuma kau da daban-daban impurities. Samun iskar gas shi ne ma hade tare da samar da helium. Irin adibas ne m, helium gas an dauki mafi kyau duka don sanyaya nukiliya nukiliya. Sulfur aka saki daga hydrogen sulfide samar matsayin najasa gas kuma amfani da masana'antu dalilai.

Babban kayan aiki a samar da iskar gas ne a hakowa na'ura. Wannan hudu kananan kafafu, hasumiyar game da 20-30 mita high. Domin shi ne dakatar daga rawar soja bututu a karshen. Wannan bututu ne ta ƙara da kara zurfin da kyau, yayin da hakowa da wellbore ƙara musamman ruwa zuwa ta fracturable irin ba zira kwallaye. A infeed daga cikin ruwa ta wajen musamman farashinsa. Hakika, da kudin iskar gas ya hada da halin kaka na aiki da kuma gina gas rijiyoyin. Daga 40 zuwa 60% na kudin ne kudin kawai cewa.

Yadda za a zo mana da gas?

Saboda haka, bayan da barin wurin samar, tsarkakakku iskar gas da aka kawota ga farko matsawa tashar, ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, shugaban. An located mafi yawa a cikin kusanci da ajiya. Akwai shigarwa yin amfani da gas da wani babban matsin shiga cikin akwati bututun. Don kula da qaddara matsa lamba a babban bututun shigar kara amfani kwampreso tashar. Tun da yake wannan shafi bututu matsa lamba Categories cikin birane haramta kafin kowane reshe an saita manyan gari. Yana yana da, bi da bi, kiwata kuma lowers jini. Sashe na daga shi ne ta cinye manyan gas masu amfani - masana'antu shuke-shuke, da shuke-shuke, boilers. A wasu bangare ke da ake kira na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa karaya - gas rarraba tashoshin. Akwai, da matsa lamba da aka saukar da sake. Inda iskar gas amfani a gare ka da kuma ni cikin mafi saba da m? Wannan hotplate cookers.

Har yaushe ya ya kasance tare da mu?

Active amfani iskar gas fãra a tsakiyar karni na 19th, a lokacin da gas kuka na ƙarya. Bugu da ƙari, asalin yin amfani da shi ne ba quite saba mana. A farko an yi amfani da titi lighting. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet har ƙarshen 30-ies karni na karshe, m gas masana'antu bai wanzu ba. gas An gano filayen da dama, amma da bincike na rijiyoyin man fetur. Active yin amfani da iskar gas ta fara tare da Great Patriotic War. Rashin man fetur, saboda asarar da kwal da kuma filayen man fetur, ya ba da wani iko impetus ga ci gaban da gas masana'antu. Bayan da yaki, da na halitta gas masana'antu ne rayayye ɓullo da kuma sannu a hankali ya zama daya daga cikin mafi makamashi-m.

babu wani madadin

Zai yiwu mafi kyau hujja daga cikin amfanin iskar gas kamar yadda mafi m ikon source ne Manuniya na Moscow. Gas dangane yarda a kullum domin ya ceci miliyan daya cubic mita na itace, 0,65 ton miliyan na ci, da 150,000 tons na kananzir da kuma kusan kamar yadda man fetur da man fetur. Kuma duk wannan an maye gurbinsu da miliyan 1. Cubic mita. m gas. Wannan ya biyo ta karɓa mai gasification na kasar da kuma search for sabon adibas. Daga baya, da babbar gas reserves da aka samu a Siberia, wanda aiki a wannan rana.

masana'antu aikace-aikace

A amfani da iskar gas da aka bai iyakance don shirya abinci - ko da yake a kaikaice, an yi amfani da samar da zafi don gidajensu. Mai manyan boilers a birni Turai Rasha amfani ne iskar gas a matsayin farko man fetur.

Har ila yau, iskar gas da aka} ara yin amfani da sinadaran masana'antu a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin samar da daban-daban Organic abubuwa. An kara yawan mota Refayawa ne masu tasowa motoci a kan madadin habaka, ciki har da hydrogen da kuma iskar gas.

Gas zargi kawai

Daga cikin ra'ayinsa na da lafiyar qasa, iskar gas za a iya dauke daya daga cikin safest siffofin kwayoyin man fetur. Duk da haka, da gas connection a yankunan da yawa na rayuwar mutum da kuma m kona ya kai ga maimaita karuwa a ciki da carbon dioxide a sararin iska. In ba haka ba, wannan tsari shine ake kira da "greenhouse sakamako." Wannan sigar musamman mummunan tasiri a kan sauyin yanayi na duniya tamu. Duk da haka, sabuwar fasahar da matakin na samar a 'yan shekarun nan don rage matsakaicin matakin na da kima. Ka tuna gas - daya daga cikin safest habaka.