A islet na Langerhans na pancreas. Antibodies da sel tun fil azal na Langerhans

Kowane islet na Langerhans aikin ƙwarai, matukar muhimmanci ga dukan kwayoyin. Its main rawa - shi ne don sarrafa abun ciki na carbohydrates a cikin jini.

Tarihi na samu

A islet na Langerhans aka farko aka bayyana a cikin 1869. Discoverer daga wadannan muhimmanci tsarin dake a cikin pancreas (yafi a cikin wutsiya na shi), wani matashi dalibi Rudolfa Virhova - Paul Langerhans. Shi ne ya yi farko yayi nazari a karkashin wani microscope tari na Kwayoyin, wanda ta hanyar su morphological tsarin ya bambanta daga sauran pancreatic nama.

Yana aka baya gano cewa Langerhans tun fil azal endocrine aiki aka yi. Wannan samu sanya ta KP Ulezko-Stroganov. A 1889 ne karon farko da wata mahada tsakanin da shan kashi na tun fil azal, na Langerhans da kuma ci gaban ciwon sukari.

Abin da zai iya zama islet na Langerhans?

A halin yanzu, wannan tsari da aka yi karatu da kyau isa. Yanzu sanannun cewa wannan samuwar yana iri-iri. A lokacin, mun san da wadannan wadanda:

• alpha Kwayoyin.
• beta Kwayoyin.
• Delta Kwayoyin.
• pp-Kwayoyin.
• epsilon Kwayoyin.

Shi ne ta hanyar wannan bambancin don su islet Kwayoyin yi duk da aikinsu sanya musu.

Alpha-Kwayoyin

Wannan nau'in shi ne game da 15-20% na samuwa islet. Babban maƙasudin na alpha-Kwayoyin ne samar da glucagon. Wannan hormone yana da wani sia yanayi da yake a peculiar insulin antagonist. Lokacin da saki, glucagon directed zuwa hanta, inda tuntužar takamaiman rabe, shi shirya glucose samar da glycogen fashewa.

beta Kwayoyin

Tun fil azal na Langerhans na iri-iri sun fi na kowa. Su asusu na game 65-80% na jimlar. An yanzu tabbatar da cewa su main aiki ne wajen samar da daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci hormones - insulin. Wannan abu ne mai antagonist na glucagon. Yana inganta kunnawa da glycogen samuwar da adanar shi a cikin hanta da kuma tsokoki. A sakamakon wannan tsari ne mai rage adadin glucose a cikin jini.

Delta Kwayoyin

Tun fil azal na Langerhans na pancreas na irin wannan ba ya faruwa kamar yadda sau da yawa. Su ne kawai 2-10% na jimlar. Yanzu su aikin siffofin suna da kyau da aka sani. An gano cewa wadannan Kwayoyin haduwa somatostatin. The aiki na ilimin aiki abu ne ga kashe da ƙarni na somatotropin, somatotropin da thyrotropin-sakewa hormone. Wannan shi ne, shi abubuwa kai tsaye a kan hypothalamus da agara pituitary.

PP-Kwayoyin

Kowane islet na Langerhans na irin da hannu a cikin elaboration na pancreatic polypeptide. Har zuwa karshen ta aiki ba a karatu. A halin yanzu, ya aka yaba da kaddarorin suppressing samar da pancreatic ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Bugu da kari, tasirinta taimaka wajen shakata m tsoka na gall mafitsara. A cikin 'yan shekaru quite rayayye karatu da dogaro da matakin samar da abu daga cikin samuwar m siffofin maruran. A sakamakon gano cewa, da su ci gaba da ƙara matakin na pancreatic polypeptide. Saboda haka wannan ilimin aiki abu za a iya daukarsa a matsayin mai kyau alama ga m marurai na pancreas.

Epsilon Kwayoyin

Wadannan tun fil azal na Langerhans ne mafi m. Daga cikin jimlar count na kasa da 1%. Babban aiki na wannan Kwayoyin ne zuwa homon wanda ake kira ghrelin. Wannan aiki abu yana da babban yawan ayyuka, amma mafi karatu ta gudãnar sakamako a kan ci.

Game da Pathology tun fil azal na Langerhans

Kayar da wadannan m Tsarin yana a jiki ne ƙwarai da gaske korau effects. A cikin taron cewa samar da antibodies da tun fil azal na Langerhans, yawan na karshe da aka progressively rage. Kayar fiye da 90% daga cikin sel rage-rage samar da insulin zuwa kafofin yada low matakin. A sakamakon haka ne ci gaban wannan hatsari cututtuka kamar ciwon sukari. Antibodies zuwa islet Kwayoyin sau da yawa faruwa a gwada matasa marasa lafiya.

Tsanani lalacewa da yawan Kwayoyin m gormonprodutsiiruyuschih hanyar kumburi na pancreas - pancreatitis.

Yadda za a ajiye islet Kwayoyin?

Yana zai yi domin kula da dukan pancreas a matsayin dukan. Da farko wajibi ne ta yi watsi da ta'addi giya. Gaskiyar cewa suna da a kan pancreas da dukan abincin da ya fi mummunan tasiri. A hali na tsawo barasa amfani a cikin mutane ya auku da kuma progresses pancreatitis, wadda daga ƙarshe ta iya kai wa ga babba buga islet Kwayoyin.

Bayan sayar da giya isasshe mummunan sakamako a kan pancreas yana da babban adadin abinci mai arziki a cikin dabba fats. A wannan yanayin, da halin da ake ciki za a aggravated a cikin hali kafin idin haƙuri ga wani dogon lokaci ba ci wani abu.

A cikin taron cewa a cikin pancreatic nama riga yana mai dagewa kumburi tsari, shi ne ya zama wajibi tuntubar wani gwani - likita ko gastroenterologist. Bayani fannoni likitoci sanya wani m hanya na lura, wanda zai iya muhimmanci rage gudu ga cigaban pathological canje-canje. Nan za a gudanar da duban dan tayi pancreas a kowace shekara, wanda aka yi a hade tare da sauran gabobin na kogon ciki. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a dauki biochemical bincike na jini a kan da abun ciki na amylase.

Domin sanin farko na kullum pancreatitis, ban da dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma instrumental karatu, zai taimaka wa asibitin. Babban alama da wannan cuta ne bayyanar zafi a hagu na sama quadrant. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan yana da zoster zafi hali da kuma na faruwa akai akai bayan shan manyan yawa abinci mai arziki a cikin dabba fats. Bugu da kari, da mãsu haƙuri bayan wani abinci na iya zama da damuwa game da m ji na wani nauyi a cikin ciki. Duk wadannan cututtuka suna barin azumi isa da shi ko rage mai tsanani a cikin marasa lafiya karbar magunguna dauke da pancreatin. Daga gare su, mafi m kwayoyi samu "Creon", "Mezim" da "Pancreatin". Idan kana da wani kumburi a cikin pancreas nama mafi alhẽri, kuma ki a duk daga shan giya. Gaskiyar ita ce, ko da wani karamin adadin zai iya tsananta da cutar tsari, ta haka ne ƙwarai addabi jiki.