A kasar gona daga cikin tundra: cikin bayanin da faye hali na

Tundra - sararin ƙasa da mai kauri sauyin yanayi. Abin da tsire-tsire masu iya tsira a wadannan yanayi, abin da irin gona maida hankali ne akan permafrost, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da aikin noma, karanta wannan labarin.

description tundra

Wannan yanayi yankin bautarka a sararin ƙasa daga Kola zuwa da Chukotka Larabawa. Su tekun an wanke ta Arctic Ocean. Tundra sauyin yanayi da halin low iska zazzabi, short bazara, kuma mai tsanani hunturu wanda yana for har zuwa watanni tara a wani shekara.

halayyar da tundra sanyi lokacin da dangantaka da rinjaye kudancin iskõki daga ɓangaren duniya. A lokacin rani akwai wani m yanayin da m da karfi northerly iskõki. Sun kawo wani sanyi karye, kuma nauyi ruwan sama, da talakawan shekara-shekara yawan kai hudu millimeters. Snow rufe ƙasa mafi yawan shekaru, har zuwa dari biyu da saba'in kwanaki.

Abin da irin gona a tundra? Wannan zone ne halin da peat fadama da kuma weakly podzolic kasa. A halayyar alama ne gaban Marshes. Su samuwar ake dangantawa da permafrost, wanda yana hana ruwa Properties.

Rasha tundra - wani sashi na low yawan yawa. Yana gida da 'yan asalin mutãnensu, da Nenets, Chukchi, Yakuts, Sami da sauransu. Su main zama ne a wurin kiwon. Description tundra shi yiwuwa ba tare da ambata cikin wuraren hakar ma'adinai na, kamar zinariya, apatite, nepheline tama da kuma more. Reluwe waƙoƙi ba hadu da kullum girma bukatun al'ummar jihar. Wannan shi ne saboda permafrost, wanda ya hana gina titunan da.

Mene ne tundra?

Tundra - wani halitta yankin, wanda ya ta'allaka a hayin arewacin iyaka na gandun daji ciyayi. Yana da wani ƙasa da permafrost, da cewa bai taba cika ruwayen tekuna da koguna. An halin babban har daga arewa zuwa kudu, ta rinjayar da yanayin damina a cikin ta yanki. Saboda haka, da wadannan iri tundra:

• Arctic. Sun mamaye tsibirin da wannan sunan, ya rufe tare da gansakuka, lichen da kuma rare flowering shuke-shuke. A karshen ne Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana da kuma kananan shrubs. Ga kowa Willow, itace nymph, wanda sau da yawa ake kira kuropatochey ciyawa. Perennial ciyawa ake wakilta iyakacin duniya poppy tsaba, m sedge, wasu hatsi da kuma saxifrage.
• Kasa rarraba arewacin tundra ne babban yankin tekun. Sun bambanta daga Arctic cewa ciyayi na yankin rufe. Ƙasa tundra casa'in cikin dari rufe kore bushy lichens da kuma mosses. Akwai girma gansakuka. Flowering tsire-tsire suna samun mafi bambancin. Za a iya samu luzula, saxifrage ko mountaineer viviparous. Na shrubs - cranberries, blueberries, Rosemary, Willow, Dwarf Birch.

• Kudu Rasha tundra, kazalika da arewacin, daban-daban m ciyayi da yake rufe da ƙasa tiers. A saman jere aka mamaye Willow da Dwarf Birch, a kan talakawan - Bishiyoyi da ciyawa, yayin da ƙananan dominance nasa ne lichens da kuma mosses.

Ta yaya shuke-shuke tsira a cikin matsananci yanayi?

Tundra sauyin yanayi ya tilasta yawa shuke-shuke a saya da ake kira da na'urorin. Alal misali, shuke-shuke a cikin abin da harbe ko Stel rarrafe a farfajiya na kasar gona da ganye suna tattara a cikin kanti, ta amfani surface iska yadudduka. Tsumburai Flora taimaka wajen tsira da dusar ƙanƙara.

A lokacin rani da tsire-tsire suna fada da adana danshi, Munã rage ganye a size. Saboda haka, evaporating surface an rage, wanda ya inganta riƙe ruwa. Alal misali, a itace nymph da iyakacin duniya Willow suna da nasu na'urorin ta hanyar abin da su tsira. A underside na shuke-shuke da m pubescence, wanda ya hana iska motsi. Wannan taimaka wajen rage evaporation. A tundra kagaggun girma Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. Wasu daga cikin su ne viviparous, watau, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsaba suna maye gurbinsu kwararan fitila da tubers. Irin shuke-shuke da ewa ba kai tushen. Wannan ba ka damar samun m lokaci.

Lokacin da tundra da kyau?

An lura sau biyu a shekara. A karo na farko da tundra da kyau a watan Agusta. A lokacin maturation cloudberry tundra canza kore su ja, sa'an nan kuma zai zama a shirye a lokacin da berries a kan wani haske rawaya. Cloudberry ne kusa dangi na rasberi kuma tana nufin wani perennial ganye. Its mai tushe ba su rufe da ƙayayuwa da furanni yafi. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da unripe 'ya'yan itatuwa ne ja da cikakke - orange. Mazauna yaba da tundra cloudberries. Daga ta berries suna Boiled jam. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna amfani da soaked da kuma steamed form.

A karo na biyu da kyau na tundra furta a watan Satumba saboda wannan watan ne da ake kira zinariya kaka. itãciya ganye fatsifatsi, daga abin da kome sparkles. Wannan lokaci fi so naman kaza tsince tsincen. tundra gona a wannan lokacin don haka m cewa nan girma namomin kaza, wanda isa wani tsawo na 'yan qasar itatuwa. Abin lura shi ne cewa su ba wormy.

gley kasa

A irin zane su da lãbãri a gare nauyi ƙasa: baƙin yumɓu da kuma lãka. Wuri ne Ridged glacial filayen. Permafrost thaws zuwa zurfin hamsin da daya da ɗari da hamsin santimita. Tundra-gley kasa gaba daya leached, cewa shi ne, da suka hada da wani readily mai narkewa salts da carbonates.

Amma kuwa sũ mawadãta ne weathering kayayyakin da humus abun ciki a cikin sama sararin sama aka goma bisa dari. Peaty da humus ƙasa na tundra dauke da arba'in bisa dari humus. Daban-daban subzones ne unequal martani na kasa. A wuri guda shi ne acidic, da sauran - dan kadan acid, da kuma na uku - tsaka tsaki.

ƙasa morphological tsarin

• A saman Layer ne mai irin zuriyar dabbobi semidecomposed mosses da lichens. Its iya aiki ne uku zuwa biyar santimita.
• Horizon, kunsha na raw humus ko takin damar zuwa goma sha biyu da santimita. Wannan m baƙin yumɓu duhu launin ruwan kasa, ko duhu launin toka launi da thickly lauye asalinsu. wannan ƙasa Shi yana da wani sababbu kan iyaka da kuma bayyana miƙa mulki.
• Horizon, da damar takwas zuwa goma sha biyu da santimita. Shi ne ake kira da illuvial. Unevenly fentin bango - launin ruwan kasa da m kuma kodadde blue-m aibobi. Yana loamy sararin sama tare da m asalinsu.
• Gley sararin sama. Iyãwarsa - ashirin zuwa ashirin da biyar santimita. Abin da irin gona a tundra? Yana yana da wani ruwan kasa launi da bluish launi blur. Wani lokaci baya, a bayyane tsatsa aibobi. Wannan baƙin yumɓu sararin sama, a rare lokuta - thixotropic. Daban-daban zafi da kuma karamin adadin asalinsu.
• Illuvial sararin sama. Iyãwarsa - goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha biyar santimita. Fentin unevenly, brownish bango. Akwai duhu blue-m, kuma m stains. Horizon loamy, da isasshiyar laima, tare da kananan adadin asalinsu. Sauka gani sanyi. Sau da yawa thixotropic.
• Loamy gley sararin sama ne duhu blue-m launi. Yana ƙunshi mutane da yawa jijiyoyinmu na kankara.

Mene ne sabon abu na thixotropy?

Wannan shi ne a yanayin da wetland gona karkashin inji danniya su iya canza ta jiha daga danko sosai-roba talakawa da yashi mai motsawa. Bayan wani lokaci, kasar gona da aka mayar da su zuwa na ainihi jihar. Kuma da zafi ba rage. Continental tundra wuya yiwuwa ga sabon abu na thixotropy, wanda rage-rage subzones daga arewa zuwa kudu. Wannan kuma ya shafi gley kasa.

Amfani tundra kasa da aikin noma

Babban reshe na samarwa a cikin Arctic tundra ne reindeer. Very sannu a hankali, amma shi ne motsi da kuma aikin noma. A wasu wuraren fara girma dankali, kabeji, radish, karas, turnips da sauran kayan lambu. Gwajin tashoshin da a jihar gonaki da kuma girma da wasu amfanin gona.

Developing sabuwar ƙasar, la'akari da m dalilai da peculiar tundra kasa. Saboda haka, babban aiki na gona namo ne su magudanun ruwa, kunnawa da nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai, inganta aeration, kawar da cutarwa sakamakon sanyi da kuma more. Wannan ƙasa ne dace domin aikin gona amfani, shi hadu da taki, peat, Organic da kuma ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Ƙasa tundra tasiri gwaji namo dabam. A mafi kyau nuna alama ne da ƙi a cikin permafrost. Its sakamako a kan shuka girma da aka rage muhimmanci.