A kwata 'yanci na Kharkov daga farkisanci invaders

Battle of Kharkov wani ma'ana kuma mai muhimmanci sakamakon da nasara ayyuka na Soviet sojojin a cikin Kursk kumbura. Last iko Jamus counterattack yunkurin da aka dakile, da kuma aiki a yanzu yana cikin wani wuri saki da masana'antu yankuna na Ukraine, suna iya bayar da mafi zuwa gaban.

yadda ake gudanar da ayyuka

M, a Kharkov ya a gaban wani yawa matsaloli. A mafi muhimmanci za a iya daukan halittar wani tushe don kara samun 'yanci na Hagu-Bank Ukraine a general kuma musamman da masana'antu Donbass (akwai damar yin flank hari). Har ila yau, ya kamata kama da kai kayayyakin more rayuwa na gari (akwai filin jirgin sama Airfield jirgin sama factory), kuma a karshe su daina kara yunkurin Nazis to counter-kai hari da shan kashi na Kharkov kungiyar (manyan a size da ƙarfi).

Me Kharkov?

A wannan connection, birnin da aka bai sosai muhimmanci? Amsar da yake a cikin tarihi na Kharkov, wanda tun da XVIII karni da aka wata babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu rai na Sloboda Ukraine. Tuni a cikin tsakiyar karni XIX garin da Railway sadarwa tare da Moscow. A nan a 1805 ya bude na farko a Ukraine, a halin yanzu University of zamani sau (na da Academy da kuma Jami'ar Lviv a cikin shirin ba count), sa'an nan da Polytechnic Institute.

A cikin pre-yaki lokacin Kharkov ya wata babbar injiniya cibiyar, shi ya ba 40% na kayayyakin da masana'antu a Ukraine, da kuma 5% - a cikin dukan ƙasar. Haka kuma, akwai wani kimiyya da fasaha m.

Akwai akida dalilai. Yana da ya faru a Kharkov Congress of Soviets, ya sanar da kafa na Ukrainian Soviet Jamhuriyar a watan Disamba 1917. Har 1934, birnin kuwa shi ne na aikin babban birnin kasar na Ukrainian SSR (tsaye ga "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar", ba kamar yadda saba wa baby boomers, akwai bambanci a cikin abbreviations a cikin Ukrainian harshe).

Fage

Kuma da Jamus da kuma Soviet bangarorin daidai gane ma'anar Kharkov. Saboda haka, da rabo daga cikin birni a lokacin yaki akwai wuya sosai. A kwata 'yanci na Kharkov a 1943 - shi ne riga na huɗu yaƙi da birnin. Yadda kome ya faru? A wannan kuma za a tattauna kara.

24-25 Oktoba 1941 Nazis zama na Kharkov da aka yi. Yana kudin su gwada kadan - fama da sakamakon da 'yan shan kashi na yanayi da kuma kusa da Kiev da Uman da tukunyar jirgi, inda Soviet asarar da aka dauke a cikin daruruwan dubbai. Abinda ragu a birnin sun rediyo-sarrafawa mahakar (wasu m fashewar tabbatar da cewa sosai nasara), da kuma wani gagarumin ɓangare na masana'antu kayan aiki gudanar ya cire, ko a hallaka.

Amma a cikin marigayi spring na 1942, da Soviet umurnin sanya wani ƙoƙari na sake kwata birnin. The m aka talauci shirya (a cikin rashi na fama-shirye reserves), da kuma birnin sake zo karkashin iko na Red Army na 'yan kwanaki. The aiki dade daga 12 zuwa 29 ga watan Mayu da kuma ƙare a cikin wani babban rukuni kewaye da Soviet sojojin da su cikakken shan kashi.

The uku yunkurin da aka yi a mafi sharadi gwargwado. Ko a lokacin yakin Stalingrad na kudu maso yammacin Front fara m ayyukan a cikin Donbass. Bayan da sallama daga Paulus kungiyoyin a kan m koma Voronezh Front. A watan Fabrairu ya dauki bangare Kursk da Belgorod, da kuma 16th of kama Kharkov.

Tare da tsare-tsaren da ra'ayin manyan sikelin-counteroffensive ayyukan ( "kagara", wanda ya zo karshe a Kursk kumbura), da Jamusanci gwamnati ba za yarda da asarar irin wannan muhimmanci kai cibiya, kamar yadda Kharkov. Maris 15, 1943 ta biyu SS rarrabuwa (kuma kada ka yi zaton su ne kawai da Yahudawa sun iya harba da kuma ƙone Katyn - da SS sun Elite a cikin rundunar sojojin Hitler!), Birnin da aka sake kama.

Idan abokan gaba ba mika wuya ...

Amma a watan Yuli, Hitler ta counter-m shirin kasa; Soviet umurnin gina a kan nasara. M, a Kharkov gani kamar yadda muhimmanci domin nan gaba kafin kammala yakin Kursk. A lokacin da shirin ga mai zuwa saki na Kharkov tattauna babban tambaya: shin a gudanar da wani aiki a kan yanayi ko halakar da makiya?

Yanke shawarar buge a hallaka - yanayi da ake bukata lokaci-cinyewa. Haka ne, shi nasara brilliantly a Stalingrad, amma kara a cikin shakka daga m fadace-fadace, da Red Army sake koma ga shi kawai a farkon shekarar 1944, a lokacin yakin da Korsun-Cherkassy Aljihu. A lokaci guda, da kai hare hare Kharkov, Soviet umurnin ko da gangan bar "corridor" domin fita Nazi dakarun - gama su a cikin filin da aka sauki.

Ga yau - tafi gobe

A lokacin rani na 1943 a lokacin yaki na Kursk aka gane, da kuma wani ban sha'awa dabarun saduwa, wanda ya zama wani irin "guntu" na Red Army. Ya kunshi a da ake ji a isasshe da karfi tunkaro a wurare daban-daban wajen Extended sashe na gaba. A sakamakon haka, abokan gaba da aka tilasta frantically jefa su reserves a tsawon nisa. Amma ya ba da lokacin yin shi, kamar yadda harin da aka a wani daban-daban wuri, da kuma fada ya dauki a kan yi fama da doguwar yanayi a farko sashe.

Don haka shi ne a cikin Battle of Kharkov. Aiki na Soviet sojojin a cikin Donbas da kuma arewacin tip na Kursk kumbura tilasta Nazis don canja wurin sojojin daga Kharkov. Za ka iya kai farmaki.

sojojin na jam'iyyun

A cikin Soviet gefen dakarun na Voronezh Front (Kwamandan - Army Janar Vatutin) da kuma Steppe (kwamandan - Kanar-Janar Konev) fronts. Umurnin da al'adar sake mika wuya daga sassa na daya gaban zuwa wani domin mafi m amfani. Coordination a Kharkov, Donetsk, kuma Orel shugabanci da Marshal Vasilevsky.

A cikin sojojin na fronts shi da 5 Guards rundunar (ciki har da 2 tank) da kuma Air Force. Wannan ya nuna muhimmancin haɗe zuwa aiki. A gaban rabo sanya shi ga nasara halitta unprecedentedly babban taro da manyan bindigogi da fasaha, abin da sauri sami ƙarin bindigogi, kai-propelled bindigogi da kuma tank T-34 da kuma RB-1. An kuma jefa a cikin yankin m manyan bindigogi kungiyar soja na Bryansk Front. 2 Army da a ajiye umurni.

Daga cikin German tsaro hannunka gudanar da sojojin ƙafa da tank, da kuma 14 dakaru da kuma 4 tank rarrabuwa. Daga baya, bayan da farkon gudanar, da Nazis nan da nan canjawa wuri zuwa wuri na ta ƙarfafa tare da Bryansk Front da kuma Mius. Daga cikin wadannan reinforcements suna da irin sanannun guda a matsayin "Totenkompf", "Viking", "Das Reich". Daga Hitler ta kwamandojin da kuma abubuwan da suka faru dangane da fadace-fadace a kusa da Kharkov, mafi kyau a san Manstein.

Kwamandan daga baya

Babban ɓangare na Kharkov dabarun aiki - a zahiri Belgorod-Kharkov m aiki - ya karbi lambar sunan - "Operation Rumyantsev." A lokacin babban Patriotic War Tarayyar Soviet ki tartsatsi ayyuka a baya cikakken distancing daga "na sarki" da kasar. Yanzu a Rasha tarihi nemi misalai da za su iya sa a zuciya mutane don su yi yaƙi da lashe. The sunan aiki don 'yantar Kharkov - daga wannan yanki. The hali ba kawai - aiki a kan samun 'yanci na Belarus da aka sani da "Bagration", kuma jim kadan kafin a abubuwan da suka faru na Kharkov a arewacin tip na Kursk kumbura "Operation Kutuzov" da aka za'ayi.

Tura zuwa Kharkov!

Yana sauti mai kyau, amma ka yi kawai cewa ya gagara. A shirin kira ga farko cover birnin inganta raka'a, na iya saki manyan yankunan da kudu da arewa na Kharkov, sa'an nan kama tsohon babban birnin kasar Ukraine.

Sunan "Rumyantsev" ne amfani da babban ɓangare na aiki - da ainihin tasiri a kan Kharkov. Belgorod-Kharkov fara aiki 3 ga watan Agusta, 1943, da kuma riga a wannan rana 2 Hitler ta panzer ƙungiyoyin sun kasance a cikin "tukunya" a karkashin Tomarovka. 5 na gaba, na Steppe zuwa yãƙi kunshe a Belgorod. Saboda a wannan rana da sojojin na Bryansk Front ya aiki Eagle, ya lura da wannan biyu nasarar wasan wuta a Moscow. Ya na farko nasara gaisuwa a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War.

Agusta 6 aiki "Rumyantsev" da ke cikin cikakken lilo, da Soviet tankuna ƙare har kawar da abokan gaba a Tomarovskaya tukunyar jirgi da kuma koma Zolochev. A birni suka zo da dare, kuma shi ne rabin yaki. A tankuna sun shiru, tare da fitilolin mota kashe. A lokacin da shiga cikin wani barci alƙarya, suka juya, suka matse su cika gudun, mamaki kai hari m nasarar da Belgorod-Kharkov aiki. Bugu da ari, ɗaukar hoto na Kharkiv ci gaba da ci gaba a kan Bogoduhov da kuma farkon wannan yaƙi domin Akhtyrka.

A daidai wannan lokaci na Kudancin kuma Kudu-Western fronts kaddamar da wani farmakin a cikin Donbas, dumfari Voronezh Front. An ba a yarda don canja wurin karkashin Nazis Kharkiv reinforcements. Agusta 10, da aka dauka a kan ta a Railway layi Kharkov - Poltava. The Nazis kokarin counterattack a yankin Bogodukhov da Akhtyrka (halarta da cream na SS), amma da sakamakon su counter-hare hare dabara - to dakatar da Soviet gaba, ba su iya ba.

sake ja

13 ga watan Agusta da Jamusanci tsaro line aka karya kai tsaye a Kharkov. Kwana uku daga baya fada ya riga a kan karkata birnin, amma Soviet sojojin koma gaba ba kamar yadda azumi kamar yadda za mu so - Jamus defenses da karfi. Bugu da kari, da m na Voronezh Front da aka jinkirta saboda abubuwan da suka faru a Akhtyrka. Amma 21 daga cikin gaban koma cikin m, fatattakar Akhtyrsky kungiyar, da kuma 22, da Jamus suka fara janyewa daga Kharkov da sassa.

The hukuma ranar samun 'yanci na Kharkov - Agusta 23, a lokacin da Soviet sojojin suka karbe iko da babban ɓangare na birnin. Duk da haka, da danniya da juriya da mutum, maƙiyi kungiyoyin da kuma kau da ya kiwo ya ci gaba har 30th rana. Complete kwata 'yanci na Kharkov daga farkisanci invaders faru a wannan rana. A 30 Agusta, birnin shirya wani bikin na release. Daya daga cikin baƙi na girmamawa ya nan gaba babban sakataren N. S. Hruschev.

'yantar heroes

Tun da Kharkov aiki dora muhimmanci, da gwamnati ba ta yadda ake bukatar sa a cikin lambar yabo ga mahalarta. Da dama sassa a matsayin lakabi na girmamawa a haɗe zuwa ga sunayen da kalmomin "Belgorod" da "Kharkiv". Sojoji da kuma jami'an da ke jihar awards aka rarraba. Amma a nan ya Kharkiv suna Hero City aka ba bayar da. Suka ce, Stalin yanke shawarar da shi saboda gaskiyar cewa a karshe 'yantar da birnin da aka sani kawai, ta huɗu yunkurin.

183rd dakaru Division na da hakkin ya lakabi da "biyu-Kharkov". A da sojoji da wannan rabo na farko shigar da babban dandalin birnin (da shi. Dzerzhinsky), da kuma a kan Fabrairu 16, kuma Agusta 23, 1943.

Excellent bayyana kansu a lokacin yaƙi, a Kharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" da kuma almara tank T-34. Har yanzu - su samar, ciki har da kwararru na Kharkov Hoor Shuka! Kwashe Cheliábinsk, kawai shuka a 1943 ya fara taro samar da tankuna (yanzu - Chelyabinsk Hoor Shuka).

madawwami memory

War ba tare da asarar ba ya faru, da kuma tarihi ya tabbatar da Kharkov. Birnin yana da ciki shugabanci a kan wannan batun. Soviet asarar karkashin wannan birni su ne mafi muhimmanci a cikin dukan Great Patriotic War. Hakika, an fahimci Naira Miliyan Xari total na duk hudu fadace-fadace. Da kwato birnin da kewaye yankin da daraja fiye da 71 da dubu. Zaune.

Amma Kharkov tsira, da kuma gina wani dogon lokaci da aka har yanzu aiki tare da hannuwansa da shugabancin zuwa ga wani na kowa girma Mahaifa, mahaifiyata ... Kuma yanzu birnin har yanzu suna da damar ...