A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga trypanosomes. Iri trypanosomes. m parasites

An sani cewa parasites ne sosai na kowa a cikin yanayi. Sun shiga cikin jikin mutane da dabbobi da kuma iya rayuwa a can na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, da yawa iri parasites ba kawo babban hadarin kuma sau da yawa su gaban bai bayyana kanta. Wadannan sun hada da giardia, pinworm, roundworm, kuma haka a kan .. A wasu lokuta, da gaban wadannan parasites sa kanta ji bayyanar cututtuka irin matsayin take hakkin stool, ciwon mara. Wani lokaci, a kan m, su hallara ne imperceptible, kuma mutum ma bai san game da kasancewar wadannan halittu. Bayyanuwar ko babu cututtuka dogara a kan mataki na m rai sake zagayowar. Amma, tare da kusan "m" halittu, akwai wasu wanda gaban sa tsanani cututtuka a mutane da dabbobi. An misali ne a trypanosome. Wannan unicellular kwayoyin ciwon daban-daban morphological siffofin. Wannan m nasa ne da tarzoma ta kasance ne domin ta gaban a mutum da dabba jiki na iya zama m.

Trypanosome - menene wannan?

Duk da cewa da trypanosome tana nufin single-celled kwayoyin, shi ne mai hadarin gaske. Daga cikin cututtuka da za su iya ci gaba a sakamakon ta parasitism, - Pathology Chagas da Afirka barci cuta. Wanne daga cikin wadannan cututtuka bayyana a wani kamuwa da mutum, dangane da irin trypanosomes. A peculiarity wannan daya-celled m cewa ya ba da amsa ga rigakafi tsaron hanyoyin magance shi. Dako na trypanosomes - kwari. Dangane da nau'in na kananan kwayoyin iya zama ta rabawa kwari ko tsetse gardama. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga trypanosomes da wahala, tun lokacin da ya lokaci cikin wani kwari da dabbobi masu shayarwa morphological ya canjãwa siffar sau da yawa. A karshe rundunar ne mutane da dabbobi (dawakai, da karnuka) ga guda-celled kwayoyin. Rod "trypanosome" - a parasitic obligate, suke iya zama a waje na "master". Wannan shi ne, har sai da suka shiga cikin jikin kwaro ko dabba mai shayarwa, da ikon rayuwa fakowa ba.

Jinsunan trypanosome parasites

Wannan m nasa ne a gidan trypanosomatids. Akwai 2 iri (kungiyoyin) na wadannan unicellular kwayoyin. Daga cikin su:

• Trypanosomes Salivaria - shi obligate parasites, abin da hidima a matsayin m na tsetse gardama. A karshe "master" na iya zama wani vertebrate dabba, da kuma mutum. A lokacin parasitism a kowane daga cikin Macro-canje-canje ta hanyar 2 mataki trypanosomes Saivaria lifecycle. Wannan pathogen da aka samu a Afirka. Lokacin da ta shiga jiki tasowa trypanosomiasis - barci cuta. Pathology tana nufin anthropozoonosis kuma mafi sau da yawa rinjayar da irin gada. Lokacin da mutum kamuwa da cuta ne m.
• Trypanosomes Stercoraria kungiyar. Parasites na irin wannan ne kowa a Latin America. Intermediate rundunar for su ne triatominae. Cizon kwari data a dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma mutumin tasowa Chagas cuta. Wannan Pathology take kaiwa zuwa zuciya da kuma gazawar take hakkin sauran gabobin. Mace-mace daga wannan cuta ne 30% na kamu maza.

Morphological siffofin trypanosomes

trypanosomes aji ne halin a cewa, a cikin rãyuwar wadannan kwayoyin canza su akan sifar sau da yawa. Wannan yana taimaka musu wajen daidaita biyu, zuwa ga matsakaiciyar rundunar da kuma m, a dabbobi masu shayarwa. Akwai da wadannan siffofin:

• Amastigotnaya (ko leyshmanioznaya). A lokacin da la'akari da trypanosomes ta microscope za ka iya ganin wata zagaye ko m Kwayoyin. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan nau'i na da wani flagellum.
• Promastigotnaya. Cell wãyi elongated, shi kinetosome located a kan gaba. A raya wani bangare akwai wani flagellum (wuce ta kananan rami - aljihu). A baya can, wannan nau'i ne ake kira leptomonadnoy.
• Epimastigotnaya (ko kritidialnaya). Basal halin da motsi gaba. A sakamakon haka, shi ne kusan a kan wani par tare da cell tsakiya. Ba kamar da baya form, flagellum kara daga gefen short undulating membrane.
• Tripomastigotnaya. Kinetosome canja sake da kuma daukan wuri bayan da cell tsakiya. Undulating membrane zama ƙara da fadi.
• Metacyclic da kuma cin zali siffofin ne halin da cikakken rashin flagellum.

Trypanosome rai sake zagayowar a jikin kwaron

Ya kamata a tuna da cewa wadannan parasites ne obligate, ma'ana ba za su iya tsira a waje rundunar. A halin yanzu, tun da trypanosomes shiga cikin m jiki da kuma kawo karshen tare da karbuwa ga jikin dabba mai shayarwa ko mutum, da ake kira lifecycle. A wannan lokaci, da m ninka ta division, na'am gina jiki. Trypanosome rai sake zagayowar hada da dama m canje-canje a cikin ilimin halittar jiki. The m shiga jiki na tsetse gardama a tripomastigotnoy form. Nan da nan bayan haka, ya yi hasarar glycocalyx - wani kashi da aka dauke a cikin jikin tantanin. A cikin kwanaki 10 trypanosome motsa daga na baya midgut kwari a gaban. Akwai, da m ninka. Sa'an nan, ga 8-10 kwanaki, shi motsa kara - ga salivary gland. A wannan lokaci, da cell m ne cikakken tattali mitochondria domin ya ƙunshi aikin cytochromes. Next, da m samun epimastigotnuyu form. A salivary gland shi ninka sake, wani ɓangare - ne a haɗe zuwa epithelium. A na gaba mataki na rayuwa sake zagayowar ne miƙa mulki ga metacyclic form. A wannan lokaci, da trypanosomes gushe raba, suna ware daga epithelium da kuma shigar da lumen na salivary gland. A talakawan sake zagayowar daukan 3 zuwa 4 makonni. Canji a cikin sauran morphological bambancin da faruwa a cikin jiki na karshe rundunar - dabba mai shayarwa ko mutum.

Trypanosome: karo na biyu mataki na rayuwa sake zagayowar

Next mataki trypanosome rai sake zagayowar fara da ingestion na ta kawo karshen-rundunar - wani mutum ko dabba bace. Su shiga su wani kwari da harba a metacyclic form. Da zarar ingested, da cell ilimin halittar jiki canza zuwa amastigotnuyu. A wannan nau'i na m ninka. Da samuwar pseudocysts. Shiga cikin sarari tsakanin Kwayoyin, suka dauki na farko a pro-, sa'an nan epimastigotnuyu siffar. Pathogenic effects a jiki na m fara bayan shigar da jini. Akwai sai ya rika tripomastigotnuyu siffar da kuma rinjayar da rundunar cell. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga trypanosomes a jikinsa za a iya maimaita sau da yawa.

Ginshikai na parasitosis

Akwai 2 iri tripasomoza (Chigasov Pathology kuma barci amai). Kamuwa da cuta da daya ko wani cuta dogara a kan irin jinsin (kungiyoyin) parasites buga jiki. The inji na ci gaba da wadannan pathologies ne daban-daban. By da cizo na tsetse gardama infested trypanosomes Salivaria, mutum ko dabba ya shafa barci cuta. A farko makonni na m shi ne dake a cikin subcutaneous mai. Daga can ta samun shiga cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin. A sakamakon haka ne asarar rigakafi da kuma hematopoietic gabobin: baƙin ciki, hanta, Lymph nodes. Bayan kara yaduwa parasites shiga cikin juyayi tsarin Kwayoyin. Buga su a cikin cerebrospinal ruwa haddasawa lalacewar kwakwalwa da kuma laka nama.

Development triposomoza Stercoraria

Aiwatar da wannan rukuni na parasites faruwa a hanyoyi biyu. A farko - ta hanyar da cizon na bedbugs. Na biyu - a lokacin da shigar triponosom mucous membranes datti hannuwanku. Da farko, da kamuwa da cuta faruwa takamaiman gida mai kumburi amsa - cigaban "chagomy" parasites bazu ko'ina cikin subcutaneous mai. Bayan haka, ta hanyar da jini, da suka watsu gabobin. Wannan rukuni na trypanosomes rinjayar lymphoid nama, hanta da kuma tsokoki. Mafi Girma hadari ne tareda žata sakamako a kan parasites cardiomyocytes. Wannan zuciya rashin cin nasara kaiwa zuwa mutuwa daga wannan cuta.

Ganewar asali m trypanosomes

Trypanosome tana nufin unicellular parasites musamman kawo hadari ga mutane da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Propagated ta wannan gabar asexually inji - a tsaye division. Trypanosomiasis aka bincikar lafiya a mafi yawan lokuta a Equatorial Afrika da Latin Amurka. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar a cikin wadannan yankunan da kwari, wadda ne tsaka-tsaki runduna ga m. Duk da haka, cutar na iya faruwa a wasu kasashen, alal misali, bayan mutum ya dawo daga shafin na kamuwa da cuta. A Pathology na Chagas marasa lafiya da damuwa da wadannan cututtuka: kumbura Lymph nodes kusa da idanu, illa hanji motility, zuciya zafi, jin sanyi, myalgia. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin manya da cutar ne na kullum, kuma zai iya wuce shekaru da dama. A yara har zuwa 5 shekaru mamaye wani m hanya da high mace-mace. Mayakan barci cuta za a iya kafa a kan filaye kamar, m wani rauni, ciwon kai, lethargy, coma. Domin ganewa na parasites a cikin jiki ne da za'ayi serological ganewar asali: gane titer antibodies zuwa pathogens.

Abin da ya yi a lokacin da infecting trypanosomes?

An ra'ayin yadda za a samu da parasites daga jiki, yana da kawai cutar likita. Tun trypanosomes ne m pathogens pathologies fara taya haka nan da nan bayan da samu. parasitosis magani ne tasiri ne kawai a matakin farko na cutar. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje ganewar asali a farkon yiwu idan kana zargin wani kwaro cizo ko tsetse kwari. A kan tabbatar da cutar na bukatar arin, kamar yadda kwayoyi da trypanosomes iya sa daban-daban gefen halayen.

Drug magani daga m parasitosis

Don amsa wannan tambaya na yadda za a kawo parasites, iya zama wani gwani. Jiyya na carotid cuta dogara a kan mataki na Pathology. Idan kana shafa kawai hematopoietic da kuma rigakafi da tsarin, yi amfani da kwayoyi "Berilin", "Pentamidine" da "Suramin". Wadannan magunguna ba su tasiri a cutar ci gaban. Idan tsari ya shafi juyayi tsarin, prescribers "Diflyuorometilornitin". Jiyya na Chagas 'cuta da ake samu sakamakon kawai a mataki na extracellular parasitism. Don wannan karshen, prescribers "Nifurtinoks".

M matakan da trypanosomiasis

Don hana samu trypanosomiasis, mazauninsu na kwari da suke da parasites na tsaka-tsaki Runduna, fesa da musamman sunadarai (disinfestation ne da za'ayi). A gano waxannan cututtukan dabbobi suka kashe domin hana yaduwar cutar.