A sunadarai Properties na aldehydes: dauki na azurfa madubi

Aldehydes ne aikin Kalam na hydrocarbons, a cikin abin da tsarin akwai wani rukuni CO (carbonyl kungiyar). Domin sauki aldehydes maras muhimmanci a gargajiyance adana (tarihi) sunayen, samar daga sunan carboxylic acid, wanda ake tuba zuwa aldehydes da hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Idan muka magana game da IUPAC nomenclature, dalilin shan mafi tsawo sarkar dauke da aldehyde kungiyar. An fara lambobi hydrocarbon sarkar samar daga cikin carbon zarra na carbonyl kungiyar (CO), wanda kanta sami wani suna da lambar 1. Don babban hydrocarbon sarkar da aka kara wa karshen "al". Tun aldegidogruppa located a sarkar karshen, da adadi 1, ana kullum ba a rubuta. Isomerism isomerism da ba mahadi ne saboda wani hydrocarbon kwarangwal.

A aldehydes samu a hanyoyi da dama: oxo tsari, alkynes hydration, hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma dehydrogenation na alcohols. Shiri na aldehydes daga primary alcohols bukatar yanayi na musamman, tun generated gudanar da mahadi readily oxidized zuwa carboxylic acid. Aldehydes kuma za a iya hada ta dehydrating da m alcohols a gaban tagulla. Daya manyan masana'antu hanyoyin domin samar da aldehydes ne da dauki na oxo kira, wanda dogara ne a kan dauki na wani alkene, C0 da H2 a gaban catalysts dauke da Co, a zazzabi na 200 darajõji, kuma a matsa lamba na 20 MPa. Wannan dauki Saide a cikin ruwa, ko a cikin gas lokaci bisa ga makirci: RCH = CH2 + C0 + H2 - RCH2CH2C0H + RCH (CH) 3C0H. Aldehydes za a iya shirya ta hydrolysis digalogenoproizvodnyh hydrocarbons. A lokacin sauyawa daga cikin halogen kwayoyin halitta a kan OH kungiyoyin na tsaka-tsaki da aka kafa da ake kira heme-diol, wanda shi ne m, kuma yana tuba a carboxylic fili tare da kawar da H20.

A sunadarai dũkiyar aldehydes - mai inganci mayar da martani ga azurfa. A lokacin da hadawan abu da iskar shaka da aldehydes suna tuba zuwa carboxylic acid (msl, S5N11SON + O - S5N11SOON). A wani kwazo littafi iya samun bayanai game da abin da azurfa madubi dauki da ake amfani da katin shaida na aldehydes. Wannan rukuni na gudanar da mahadi za a iya oxidized ba kawai ta mataki na musamman oxidizing jamiái, amma kawai a lokacin ajiya a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska oxygen. The sauƙi da abin da aldehydes oxidised zuwa carboxylic acid a yarda a ci gaba ingantaccen halayen (azurfa madubi dauki) to wadannan kwayoyin mahadi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu da sauri kuma a fili gano gaban aldehyde a ba bayani.

Lokacin da ya kona tare da wani ammoniacal bayani na azurfa oxide da acid aldehyde aka oxidized. Lokacin da wannan an rage wa ƙarfe azurfa, kuma da aka ajiye a kan tube ganuwar a matsayin duhu Layer da halayyar mai sheki - azurfa madubi dauki. Ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai mutane da yawa abubuwa da ba su da alaka da aldehydes, amma suna da kuma iya shiga sama dauki. Domin ganewa na wadannan mahadi amfani ne daya ingantaccen dauki ga aldehydes - jan madubi dauki. A dauki na aldehydes da Fehling reagent ciwon blue color (wani ruwa-ruwa bayani na cupric hydroxide, wani Alkali da kuma acid tartrate salts) na divalent jan an rage wa monovalent. Kamar wancan dama ja-kasa-kasa precipitate na cuprous oxide.

Saboda haka, yadda za shi ne da za'ayi dauki na azurfa madubi? Zai ze cewa babu wani abu mafi sauki dumama isasshe a tukunya ammoniacal bayani na azurfa da wani daga cikin aldehydes (msl, a glucose bayani ko formaldehyde) amma wannan dabarar ba ko da yaushe lashe nasara. Wani lokacin da muka kiyaye samuwar wani baki dakatar da azurfa a cikin bayani, maimakon madubi shafi a kan ganuwar da glassware. Mene ne Babban dalilin gazawar? Domin 100% sakamakon shi wajibi ne ya yi riko da dauki yanayi, kuma a hankali shirya gilashin surface.