A zamanin d Ibada na Girka - tarihi sassaka a dutse. The main iri na zamanin d Girkanci haikalin

Ba tare da wani shakka, manyan tasiri a kan gaba tsara yana da art da kuma gine na zamanin d Helenawa. Su majestic kyakkyawa da jituwa sun zama abin koyi da kuma tushen wahayi ga daga baya dazamani. A zamanin d Ibada na kasar Girka ne da Monuments na Helenawa da al'adu da kuma fasaha.

Lokaci na samuwar Greek gine

Iri Ancient Greek haikalin da kakkarfan dangankata da lokacin su yi. Akwai uku epochs a tarihin Greek art da kuma gine.

• Tsaoho (600-480 gg. BC. E.). The Persian mamayar.
• Classic (480-323 gg. BC. E.). A lokacin na ci gaba da Girka. Movies Aleksandra Makedonskogo. A lokacin ƙare da mutuwarsa. Masana sun yi imani da cewa wannan bambancin da dama al'adu, wanda a sakamakon Alexander ta nasarar fara shiga zuwa Girka, ya haifar da raguwar na gargajiya Helenawa art da kuma gine. A zamanin d Ibada na Girka, ma, ba su kubuta wannan rabo.
• Hellenism (har zuwa shekaru 30 BC. E.). Late lokaci ya ƙare tare da Roman ci daga Misira.

Watsa da na al'ada da kuma samfur na cikin Haikali

Helenawa al'ada ya shiga cikin Asia Ƙananan, Sicily, Italy, Misira, Arewacin Afirka da kuma wasu wuraren. A mafi tsoho Greek Ibada kasance a cikin tsaoho zamanin. A wannan lokaci, Helenawa fara amfani maimakon itace kayan gini kamar farar ƙasa da marmara. An yi imani da cewa samfur ga haikali ne tsoho gida Helenawa. Su ne rectangular gine-gine da biyu ginshikan a ƙofar. Gine-gine na da irin wannan tsawon lokaci, samo asali a cikin mafi hadaddun siffofin.

misali zane

Ancient Greek Ibada yawanci gina a kan wani aggered akai. Sun kasance wani gini ba tare da wani windows, wanda aka kewaye da ginshikan. Ciki akwai wani mutum-mutumi na abin bautãwa. Column goyon bayan da rufi bim. Ancient Greek Ibada da wani gable rufin. A ciki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ya dushe. Samun akwai kawai firistoci. Mutane da yawa na zamanin d Girkanci Ibada na talakawa mutane za a iya gani kawai daga waje. An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Helenawa biya yawa da hankali ga waje bayyanar wuraren ibada.

Greek haikalin da aka gina bisa ga wasu sharudda. Manya da kanana, al'amari rabo, da rabo daga sassa, yawan ginshikan da kuma sauran bayanai da aka fayyace haka. Ancient Greek haikalin ginin a Doric, ionic da Corinthian styles. Babbansu su ne na farko.

Doric style

Wannan gine-gine da style da aka kafa a matsayin farkon a matsayin tsaoho lokaci. Ya ne halin da sauki, ikon da wasu ƙarfin hali. Sunansa, ya zamar masa dole ya Doric kabilu, wanda suke ta kafa. Yau zauna kawai bangare na irin wannan haikali. Launi su fari, amma a baya kan tsarin abubuwa da aka rufe da Paint, wanda marmashe ƙarƙashin rinjayar lokaci. Amma cornices da friezes sun zarar blue da kuma ja. Daya daga cikin shahararrun gine-gine a cikin wannan salon ne haikalin wasannin Zeus. Don sun tsira kawai kango na wannan majestic ginin.

ionic style

Wannan salon da aka kafa a cikin daidai yankuna na Asiya Ƙananan. Daga can ta bazu ko'ina Hellas. Ancient Greek Ibada a wannan salon ne mafi jituwa da kuma ladabi a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da Doric. Create your kafuwar ga kowane shafi. Babban birnin kasar a tsakiyar sashe reminiscent na matashin kai, wanda sasanninta aka juya zuwa cikin wani karkace. A wannan salon akwai wani m rabbai tsakanin kasa da kuma saman gine-gine, kamar yadda a cikin Doric. A dangane tsakanin sassa na gine-gine da kansu zama MENE pronounced kuma mafi mawuyacin halin.

Abin mamaki, kusan bai tsunduma cikin Monuments na gine na ionic style a kan ƙasa na Girka kanta. Amma su suna da kyau kiyaye kasashen waje. Da dama daga cikinsu akwai a Italiya da kuma Sicily. Daya daga cikin shahararrun ne haikalin Poseidon kusa Naples. Ga alama squat kuma nauyi.

Corinthian style

A Hellenistic lokacin da gine-ginen fara biya fiye da hankali ga ƙawa da gine-gine. A wannan lokaci, da Ibada na zamanin d Girka ya fara samar da Corinthian manya, richly yi wa ado da ado da kuma na fure motifs da predominance na acanthus ganye.

allahntaka dama

An art form cewa yana da haikali na zamanin d Girka, shi ne m gata - mufid. Har Hellenistic lokaci kawai mutum ba zai iya gina gidajensu a cikin wannan salon. Idan wani mutum ya zagaye gidansa layuka na matakai, dã Mun mayar da shi gables, dã an yi la'akari da mafi girma audacity.

A Dorian jihar tsarin firistoci dokokin hana haifuwa wurin hutawa styles. A ceilings da ganuwar da na al'ada gidãjensu da aka gina, yawanci aka yi da itace. A wasu kalmomin, da dutse Tsarin suna da daman na gumakan. Kawai su sufi da samun da isa ƙarfi yin tsayayya lokaci.

tsarki ma'anar

Greek dutse haikalin ginin gaba ɗaya na dutse domin suna bisa ra'ayi ne na ƙungiyar ya fara - alfarma da kuma ƙazantaccen. Mazaunin gumakan da aka zaci za a kare daga duk mutum. M dutse ko marmara ganuwar ta bauta wa Figures dogara da kariya daga sata, cin mutumcin, mai haɗari lamba, kuma ko da prying idanu.

acropolis

A flowering gine Ancient Girka fara a 5th karni BC. e. Wannan zamanin da sababbin abubuwa ake karfi hade da mulkin sanannen Pericles. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin da aka gina da Acropolis - wani wuri a kan tudun, inda mafi girma Ibada na Ancient Girka da aka mayar da hankali. Hotuna da suka iya duba wannan abu.

Acropolis a Athens. Ko kango na wannan wuri za a iya gani a matsayin grand da kyau shi ya sau daya. A tudun ne sosai m bene sanya na marmara. Don ta dama a kan tudun ne a kananan amma kyakkyawan haikalin allahiya Nike. A Acropolis kanta mutane samun ta hanyar ƙofar da take tare da ginshikan. Za ta hanyar su, baƙi suka samu kansu a cikin square, shugaba tare da mutum-mutumi na Athena (allahiya na hikima), wanda ya zama majiɓinci daga birnin. Next za a iya gani sosai rikitarwa a yi Erechtheion Haikali. Its bayãnin hukuncin alama ne portico, wanda protrudes daga gefen kuma goyon ba zoba misali colonnade da marmara mace mutummutumai (karitaidy).

Parthenon

Babban gini na Acropolis ne Parthenon - a haikalin sadaukar domin Athena Pallas. An dauke da mafi cikakken tsarin halitta a cikin Doric style. A Parthenon aka gina game 2.5 dubu. Shekaru da suka wuce, amma sunayen da halittawa sun tsira. The halitta na wannan haikali ne Callicrates da Iktinos. Ciki da shi akwai mai sassaka na Athena, wanda ya sassaka babban Phidias. A haikalin da aka kewaye da 160-mita tsawo frieze depicting farati na mazauna birnin Athens. Its mahaliccin shi ma Phidias. A frieze siffanta kusan mutum ɗari uku da ɗari biyu doki Figures.

halakar da Parthenon

A wannan lokaci, da Haikalin da yake a cikin kufai. Wannan m tsarin, kamar Parthenon, watakila, zai yi tsira ga wannan rana. Duk da haka, a cikin 17th karni, a lokacin da Venetians kewaye Athens, ƙara yawan man fetur ko abin wuta a cikin Turks ya kafa a gina wata foda mujallar, da kuma fashewar wanda ya lalata wannan abin tunawa da gine-gine. A farkon karni na 19th Birtaniya Elgin kawo London mafi yawan tsira reliefs.

A baza na Greek al'adu a sakamakon da nasarar Aleksandra Makedonskogo

Alexander ta nasarar da ya kai ga gaskiya cewa Helenawa art da kuma gine-gine styles suna yada a kan wani babban yanki. Waje da manyan cibiyoyin Girka, kamar Asiya Ƙananan Pergamon ko Alexandria a Misira an halitta. A waɗannan birane, yi aiki ya kai unprecedented rabbai. Babu shakka, da banbanci a kan yi da gine na zamanin tsohuwar Girka.

Haikali da makabarta a cikin wadannan yankunan ayan da za a gina a cikin ionic style. Abin sha'awa samfurin Helenawa gine ne babbar kabarin (dutsen kabari) Maussollos sarki. Ya aka kidaya a tsakanin bakwai mafi girma da abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da yi jagoranci sarki da kansa. Kabarin binne jam'iyya ne high a kan rectangular kasa, kewaye da ginshikan. Sama yana tsaye da Mataki Dala dutse. An surmounted da image na Quadriga. By sunan Tsarin (kabarin) a duniya yanzu kira sauran grandiose funerary tsarin.