Crimea: tarihin Larabawa. Yadda ya yi da Crimea, da kuma abin da yake cikin tarihin mutanen?

A shekara da suka wuce, Crimean sashin ya da wani ɓangare na jihar na Ukraine. Amma bayan da Maris 16, 2014, sai aka maye gurbinsu "wurin zama" kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Federation. Saboda haka quite bayyana ƙara yawan sha'awa cikin yadda za a ci gaba da Crimea. A tarihin na sashin ne sosai m, kuma m.

A farko mazaunan ƙasar tsoho

A tarihin mutanen Crimea Dates baya da dama millennia. A cikin sashin, da masu bincike samu ragowar tsoho mutane da suka rayu a matsayin nisa baya a matsayin Paleolithic zamanin. Kusa da filin ajiye motoci Kiik-Koba da Staroselie archaeologists samu ƙasusuwan mutane wanda a wancan lokaci zaune wannan yanki.

A farkon karni BC, da Cimmerians zauna a nan, da alama kuma Scythians. A madadin al'ummar da ke ƙasa, ko kuma wajen da dutsen da jihar bakin teku sassa har yanzu kira Tauris, makãmashi, ko Tauridia. Ancient mutane tsunduma a cikin wannan ba sosai m ƙasar noma da kuma dabbobi husbandry, kazalika da farauta da kama kifi. The duniya da aka sabon, sabo da haske.

Girkawa, da Romawa da Goths

Amma ga wasu daga cikin tsoho jihohin sosai m cikin sharuddan wuri ya juya a kira su da rana Crimea. A tarihin na sashin kuma yana amo mara sa na Greek. Around 6-5 karnoni BC, yankin ya fara rayayye mallakeku Helenawa. Sun kafa wani dukan mallaka, bayan abin da ya zo na farko a jihar. Helenawa kawo tare da su amfanin da wayewa: suka gina haikali da sinimomi, da filayen da baho. A wannan lokaci akwai suka fara samar Shipbuilding. Shi ne daga Greek masana tarihi sun dangana da ci gaban viticulture. Har ila yau, Helenawa dasa itatuwan zaitun nan kuma tsunduma a man tarin. Yana da hadari a ce tare da isowa daga cikin al'ummai tarihi na Crimea ya samu wani sabon impetus.

Amma bayan 'yan ƙarni, da mai girma Roma ya da ido a kan wannan ƙasa, kuma Muka kãma ɓangare na Coast. Wannan kãmun dade har zuwa 6th karni AD. Amma babbar lalacewar da ci gaban da sashin sa Gothic kabilu suka mamaye da 3-4th ƙarni kuma ta hanyar da ya barke Greek jihar. Ko da yake shirye da sannu tilasta sauran al'ummai, ci gaban da Crimea sosai a lokacin da shi ragae down.

Khazaria da Tmutarakan

Crimea kuma ake kira tsoho Khazars, da kuma a wasu Rasha tarihin wannan ƙasa kira tmutarakani. Kuma ba haka ba ne m sunan yankin a kan abin da Crimea. Tarihi ya bar sashin a tambaya da waɗanda toponymic sunan, wanda a wani lokaci ko wata kira wannan ɓangare na duniya ta ƙasar taro. An fara daga 5th karni, dukan Crimea da dama a karkashin tsauraran Byzantine tasiri. Amma riga a cikin 7th karni, da dukan yankin na sashin (sai Chersonese) ne a cikin Khazar Khaganate, iko da kuma karfi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a Yammacin Turai da ake kira "Khazars" samu a da yawa rubuce-rubucen. Amma Rasha da kuma Khazars duk lokacin da kishiya, kuma a cikin 960-shekara tarihi fara Rasha Crimea. Khanate hallaka, da kuma duk ne batun Khazar Old Rasha jihar ikon mallakar. Yanzu wannan yankin da aka kira tmutarakani.

Af, a nan Kiev Prince Vladimir, wanda ya dauki Kherson (Korsun) a cikin 988 da aka hukuma da christened.

Tatar-Mongol sawu

Daga 13th karni tarihin annexation na Crimea sake tasowa a soja labari: da sashin invading Mongol-Tatars.

Akwai aka kafa Crimean Khanate - wani rabo daga cikin Golden taro. Bayan da Zolotaya Orda tsãgewar ƙwãyar, a 1443 a kan sashin akwai Krymskoe Hanstvo. A 1475, shi gaba daya dama a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Turkey. Shi ne daga nan jajirce yawa kai hare-hare a kan Yaren mutanen Poland, Rasha da kuma Ukrainian asashe. Kuma a karshen na 15th karni, da mamayewa zama tartsatsi da barazana da mutunci na biyu da Moscow Jihar da kuma Poland. Amma, da Turks da aka nemi cheap aiki: suna kasancewa kama mutane da kuma sayar da su zuwa bauta a bawa kasuwanni na Turkey. Daya daga cikin dalilan domin kafa Zaporizhzhya Sich a 1554 ya jure wadannan nasarar.

Rasha tarihi

Rasha Crimea canja wurin labarin ya ci gaba a 1774, lokacin da yarjejeniyar da Küçük Kaynarca aka sanya hannu. Bayan da Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1768-1774 ya zo karshe kusan shekaru 300 da Ottoman mamayar. A Turks ki Crimea. Sai a wannan lokaci a kan sashin akwai mafi girma a biranen Sevastopol da Simferopol. Crimea wanda ya shahara, kudi da aka kashe a nan, zai fara da m flowering na masana'antu da kuma kasuwanci.

Amma Turkey bai ba da tsare-tsaren sake samu da m filaye da kuma shirya domin wani sabon yaki. Dole ne mu biya haraji to da Rasha sojojin, wanda bai ba da damar yin haka. Bayan wani yaki yarjejeniyar da Jassy aka sanya hannu a 1791.

Da gangan hukuncin Catherine II

Saboda haka, a zahiri a sashin yanzu wani bangare na iko daular, sunansa - Rasha. Crimea, wanda tarihi ya hada da wani yawa na miƙa mulki daga hannu da hannu, da ake bukata mai karfi tsaron gida. An samo kudancin ƙasashe bukatar da za a kare su tabbatar da tsaron kan iyaka. Empress Catherine II danƙa Prince Potemkin yi nazarin abũbuwan amfãni, kuma kasawan na annexation na Crimea. A watan Julin 1782, Potemkin rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga Empress, wanda ya nace a kan tallafi na yanke shawarwari masu muhimmanci. Catherine ya amince da muhawara. Ta fahimci yadda muhimmanci da Crimea domin warware ciki matsaloli na jihar da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin hangen zaman gaba.

Afrilu 8, 1783 Catherine II ya bayar da manifesto a kan Accession na Crimea. Shi ne mai banrazana daftarin aiki. Daga wannan lokacin, daga wannan ranar, Rasha, da Crimea, da tarihi na daular, da kuma sashin ne a hankali lauye da ƙarni. Bisa ga Shelar, duk Crimean mazauna an yi mana wa'adi kariya na yankinsu daga cikin maƙiyansu, da adana dukiya da kuma bangaskiya.

Duk da haka, da Turks na Accession daga cikin Crimea zuwa Rasha gane kawai watanni takwas baya. Duk wannan lokaci, halin da ake ciki kewaye da sashin da aka musamman siga. Lokacin da manifesto da aka buga, na farko na amincewa da Rasha Empire rantse malaman kuma amma sai - da yawan al'umar. A sashin shirya bukukuwan bikin, idi, za'ayi wasanni da doki jinsi, gun Shots na wasan wuta da aka bai wa iska. Kamar yadda muka gani da Sahaban, dukan Crimea tare da murna da farin ciki, haƙĩƙa, sun shige da Rasha Empire.

Tun daga nan, da Crimea, da sashin tarihi da kuma hanyar rayuwa na da yawan jama'ar da aka inextricably nasaba da duk abubuwan da ya faru a Rasha Empire.

A iko impetus zuwa cin gaban

A Brief History of Crimea bayan da annexation da Rasha Empire za a iya bayyana a kalma daya - "blossoming." Akwai fara hanzari ci gaba da masana'antu da kuma noma, winemaking, viticulture. A cikin biranen akwai kifi da kuma gishiri pans, mutanen rayayye tasowa cinikayya tsakaninsu.

Tun da Crimea ne a wani sosai dumi da kuma m sauyin yanayi, da yawa arziki mutane Tsarist Rasha so don samun a nan ƙasar. Noblemen, 'yan gidan sarauta, industrialists dauke shi da wani daraja su yi iyali, Estate a wannan yanki. A 19 ga watan - farkon karni na 20, akwai fara m flowering na architecture. Da shugabannin masana'antu, da sarauta Ladies, Rasha Elite suna gina a nan dukan fādodinta karya kyau Parks, wanda aka kiyaye su a kan ƙasa na Crimea a yau. Kuma bayan da nobility na sashin miƙa artists, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da mawaƙa, artists, gidan wasan kwaikwayo-goers. Crimea da ake zama a al'adu Makka na Rasha Empire.

Kada ka manta game da salubrious sauyin yanayi na Larabawa. Tun da likitoci sun tabbatar da cewa iska na Crimea ne musamman m domin lura da tarin fuka, a nan da taro hajji fata warke daga wannan cutar. Crimea da ake zama m ba kawai ga sauran bohemian, amma kuma ga kiwon lafiya yawon shakatawa.

Tare da dukan ƙasar

A farkon karni na 20th da sashin da aka ɓullo da tare da dukan ƙasar. Ba shige shi, da kuma Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma m yakin basasa. Shi ne daga cikin Crimea (Yalta, Sevastopol, Theodosia) ya tafi da jirgin ruwa da kuma tasoshin, a kan abin da Rasha bar Rasha kawo dukkan. Wannan shi ne inda akwai da tashiwa na fata. A kasar ya halitta sabon tsarin, da kuma Crimea dã bai bar.

Shi ne a cikin 20s na karshe karni faru a cikin Crimea canji na duk-Union kiwon lafiya mafaka. A shekara ta 1919, da Bolsheviks yarda da "adari SNK a kan warkewa yankunan na kasa da muhimmanci." Crimea ne rubũtacce a cikin ja layi. A shekara daga baya sanya hannu da wani muhimmanci daftarin aiki - umurnin "A amfani da Crimea domin lura da ma'aikata."

Har da yaki, da sashin ƙasa da za a yi amfani a matsayin mafaka domin consumptives. A Yalta a 1922 ko da yayi wani musamman Institute of cutar tarin fuka. Kudade at wani isasshen matakin, kuma nan da nan SRI ake zama wata babbar cibiyar na kasar domin huhu tiyata.

Epochal Crimean Conference

A lokacin babban Patriotic War, da sashin ya fage na m ayyukan soji. Ga mu yi yãƙi a cikin ƙasa da suke a cikin teku, a cikin iska da kuma a cikin duwatsu. Birane biyu - Sevastopol da Kerch - samu title of Hero City for wani gagarumin taimako ga nasara a kan farkisanci.

Duk da haka, ba dukan mutane inhabiting cikin manyan Crimea, suka yi yaƙi a gefe na Soviet Army. Wasu wakilan na Crimean Tatars bayyane goyon invaders. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a shekarar 1944 Stalin hukunta al'amaru fitarwa na Crimean Tatars waje Crimea. Daruruwan jiragen kasa a ranar riƙi wani dukan al'umma a Asiya ta tsakiya.

Crimea gangara a tarihi godiya ga cewa a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1945, da aka gudanar a Livadia Palace a Yalta taro. Shugabannin na uku superpowers - Stalin (USSR), Roosevelt (USA) da kuma Churchill (United Kingdom) - hannu a Crimea muhimmanci na kasa da kasa takardu a kan wanda duniya domin an tsare domin da yawa post-yaki shekarun da suka gabata.

Crimea - Ukrainian

A shekarar 1954 ta zo da wani sabon milestone. A Soviet jagoranci yanke shawarar da ya canza wurin da Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar Crimea. A tarihin na sashin suka fara samar da sabon labari. {Udurin zo da kaina daga nan shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis Nikita Khrushchev.

Wannan ya yi zuwa zagaye kwanan: a cikin wannan shekara a kasar bikin 300th tunawa da Pereyaslav Rada. Don tunawa da wannan tarihi kwanan wata da kuma nuna cewa Rasha da kuma Ukrainian mutane suna da ha, Crimea aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Ukrainian SSR. Kuma yanzu shi zo a gani a matsayin dukan da kuma wani ɓangare na dukan biyu daga "Ukraine - Crimea". A tarihin na sashin nichinaet aka bayyana a cikin zamani tarihin da tsabta Slate.

Ya shi a yanke shawara ta fuskar tattalin arziki wajaba a kansa, ya shi da daraja yayin da ya dauki irin wannan mataki - irin waɗannan tambayoyi ba ko da ya bayyana a lokacin. Tun lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ta kasance daya, babu wanda ya ba musamman muhimmancin su ko Crimea zai zama wani ɓangare na RSFSR da Ukrainian SSR.

Mulkin kai a cikin Ukraine

Lokacin da kafa mai zaman kanta Ukrainian jihar, da Crimea ya samu matsayi na mulkin kai. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1991, shi soma da jawabi na Jihar mulkin Jamhuriyar. A Disamba 1, 1991 a zaben raba gardama da aka gudanar a cikin abin da 54% na Crimean yawan goyon bayan 'yancin kai da Ukraine. A May gaba shekara, soma da kundin tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar Crimea, kuma a watan Fabrairu 1994 Crimeans sun zaba na farko shugaban kasar na Jamhuriyar Crimea. Suka zama Yuri Meshkov.

Shi ne a cikin shekaru na perestroika duk da rigingimu fara bayyana more sau da yawa cewa Khrushchev ya Crimea zuwa Ukraine ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Pro-Russian jin zuciya a cikin sashin da karfi. Saboda haka, da zaran wata dama, Crimea koma zuwa Rasha.

Gõdewa Maris 2014 th

Duk da yake a cikin Ukraine a marigayi 2013 - farkon 2014 ya fara girma manyan-sikelin gwamnati rikicin, mafi kuma mafi saututtukansu a Crimea cewa sashin da komawa zuwa Rasha. A cikin dare na 26 a kan Fabrairu 27 da ba a sani ba mutane da Rasha flag aka tashe a kan ginin Majalisar Koli na Crimea.

Majalisar Koli na Crimea kuma Sevastopol City Majalisar rungumi dabi'ar a da'awarsu, a kan 'yancin kai na Crimea. A lokaci guda ya bayyana ra'ayin rike duk-Crimean raba gardama. Da farko, an shirya Maris 31, amma sai ya sha wahala makonni biyu a baya - a kan Maris 16. Crimean referendum Sakamakon m: a cikin Crimea shiga Rasha zabi 96,6% na masu jefa} uri'a. Batutuwan da goyon baya ga shawarar da Crimean sashin yawan kasance 81,3%.

A zamani tarihi na Crimea na ci gaba da dauki siffar da idanunmu. Ba dukkan kasashe sun gane da matsayi na Crimea. Amma Crimeans rayuwa tare da bangaskiya a cikin wani haske nan gaba.