Admiralty gini, St. Petersburg: tarihi, description

Petersburg Admiralty gini ne daya daga cikin mafi recognizable alamu na birnin. Yana da aka gina a zamanin mulkin Bitrus I, kuma ya tun da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani wuri na wuri na allon, ma'aikatun da sauran hukumomin gwamnati.

Brainchild na Bitrus I

Muhimmancin da cewa Admiralty gini wakiltar ga birni, Highlights da cewa shi aka gina nan da nan bayan da aka kafa sabuwar babban birnin kasar. Peter Na kaina shiga a cikin ci gaban da tsare-tsaren da kuma zane na masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa da ake bukata domin gine-gine da kuma filin ajiye motoci da motocin. Duk da zama dole shirya aikin da aka yi a kawai 'yan watanni, da kuma a 1705 akwai da sosai farko gini na Admiralty.

Saboda gaskiya cewa a wancan lokaci Rasha yake yaƙi da Sweden (ciki har da teku), duk kasuwanci da gine-gine da aka kewaye ta kusurwoyi da kuma tsaron gida gagarumin. Sun kasance sũ ne dole a cikin akwati na kewaye da Petersburg, ko da yake sun aka taba amfani da su. A farko jirgin, sanya gaba ɗaya a cikin Admiralty, aka kaddamar a 1706.

A lokaci guda akwai bayyana wani tsari (ma'aikata m), alhakin dukan Rasha jiragen ruwa. Tun Bitrus Na karshe iya yi da mafarkinsa na wani sabon babban birnin kasar, wanda, haka ma, ya da zuciyarsa ta Shipbuilding.

A wannan lokaci, ban da administrative gine-gine, shi housed da ƙirƙira, nazarinsa da kuma slipways, abin da ya halitta wani sabon kotu. Channel Admiralty da aka gudanar tare da ginin, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na wani hadade tsarin na birane tashoshi. Saboda haka, wannan wuri shi ma wata babbar sufuri cibiya.

Jirgin a kan spire

A farko Admiralty ginin da aka gina a 1711, da kuma bayan shekaru takwas, shi samu ta shahara spire. A saman da ya jirgin positioned adadi, sanya ta Dutch Masters, ya shahara akan soyayya da Navy. Shi ne su Turai kwarewa, Peter kokarin qarfafa a birnin mafarkansu.

A cikin jirgin ruwan a kan steeple har yanzu suna kaifi da rigingimu masu bincike da kuma gida masana tarihi. Hadade ka'idar ta kishiya image akwai. Akwai biyu rare ra'ayi. Daya ce cewa jirgin model ne na farko da jirgin, wanda ya dauki a tashar jiragen ruwa na St. Petersburg. Tun daga farko, akwai sosai m, kuma m Wharf ya zama gida ga dama crews. A cewar wani ka'idar, da jirgin ya adadi da aka kofe daga cikin silhouette na jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Eagle". Ya na farko warship na Rasha jiragen ruwa, gina ta domin na Bitrus uba, Alexei Mikhailovich, a cikin shekaru 60 da na XVII karni.

A spire na Admiralty gyara sau da yawa. A lokacin da wadannan hanyoyin, jirgin ruwan ya canja. A wannan yanayin, asali adadi, sanya ta Dutch a cikin shekaru na Bitrus I, ya bata. Spire nan da nan janyo hankalin mutane daga birnin. Ga su da shi ya zama unofficial alama ce St. Petersburg. Jirgin Admiralty a wannan matsayi zai iya samu nasarar gasa tare da Bronze doki, drawbridges da Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral.

A cikin XVIII karni

A lokacin dogon shekaru ta zama ba, da Admiralty gini a St. Petersburg, an sāke gina sau da yawa. A 1730-ies. m Ivan Korobov gina wani sabon dutse gini, sauyawa na rabu amfani gidaje. A wannan aikin marubucin Peter kiyaye da haihuwa layout, amma canja bayyanar, ba shi monumental.

Muhimmancin wanda ake iya nuna facade da aka musamman high saboda Admiralty ya, a yankunan da babban da busiest titunan babban birnin kasar - da Nevsky Prospekt, Voznesensky Prospekt da Gorokhovskaya tituna. Sa'an nan ya zo cikin abin da ake kira "allura" - a gilded spire.

Fiye da wadannan shekarun da suka gabata, birnin hukumomi suna tsare tsunduma a ennobling da gyara yankunan dab da hadaddun. A lokacin holidays, sai suka zama mai fi so jama'a taro tabo. A karshen sarautar Elizabeth ne gaba daya deben makiyaya da cewa kewaye da ginin. Wannan yawo sawu nan da nan ya zama mashahuri a cikin mazauna da kuma baƙi ba su daidaita.

Ruwa yankin da Admiralty yi aiki a matsayin mai tsakiyar dandamali ga Navy bada. A tashar tsohon thoroughfare cikin birane lokaci zuwa lokaci gidan ya toshe. Lokacin Elizabeth ta fara gudanar da wani aiki mai wuya a ranar tsaftacewa.

Zakharov aikin

A tsakiyar karni XVIII aka gina shi da Winter Palace. Yana daidai da style, wanda aka daga baya suna da Elizabethan Baroque. The Palace ne sosai a kusa da Admiralty. Su dũkan dissimilarity kuma na zuwa daban-daban epochs sauƙi kama hankali. Saboda haka, a farkon na XIX karni, birnin hukumomi sun dauke da dama ayyukan hažaka da kuma sake fasalin kudin na Admiralty ginin.

A kan rawar da gubar m aka zaba Andreyan Zakharov. Ya fara aiki a 1806, kuma ya mutu, kuma ba da ciwon lokaci a ga ya yaro. Ya aikin ci gaba dalibinsa. Ba su canza ainihin alkawuran da yayi niyyar Zakharov.

A sabon facade na Admiralty

Bisa ga m ta shawara ya sake kusan duk na Admiralty. Daga cikin tsohon ginin ya kasance a bygone hasumiya, a kan wanda ya ginu ne a gilded spire tare da wani jirgin. An rushe tsohuwar USAID, ya kasance a cikin birnin, tun da girma Arewa War. Yanzu babban birnin dadin wani m rayuwa, da kuma bukatar a gagarumin bace. A liberated wuri bayyana rare tare da mazauna St. Petersburg babban titi. Yanzu a nan ne kalla bukaci Alexander Aljanna.

A tsawon lokaci da sabon facade ya tseren mita 400. Duk da gine-gine da mafita Zakharov aiwatar da daya kawai manufa - jaddada muhimmancin da Admiralty gini a cikin nau'i na babban birnin kasar. St. Petersburg sa'an nan, kuma a yanzu yana da wuya su yi tunanin ba tare da sanannen facade na administrative hadaddun.

gini ado

Restoration ayyukan XIX karni sun kara da gungu na Main Admiralty yawa sabon sculptures cewa gaba da arziki image na ginin. Ado reliefs, halitta da Rasha Masters, wanda aka nuna tsoho labaru da kuma allegories, kazalika da tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Duk wannan ya jaddada da na sarki matsayi kamar yadda mai girma Maritime ikon, wanda jiragen ruwa plied tekuna na duniya.

A cikin shekara ta yi (1823) tsara ta Zakharov hadaddun samu da kansa musamman ciki. Mafi yawa daga shi ne kiyaye wannan rana, da kuma a yau ne mai girma al'adu darajar. Muhimmanci fasali na Admiralty dakunan ne su rarrabe rigor a hade tare da wani mai arziki, mai haske haske, samar da m yanayi.

kagara jiragen ruwa

Ban sha'awa labarin Admiralty hada daban-daban lokaci na amfani. Da farko, bisa ga dokoki na Bitrus, da na sojan ruwa jirgin ya a cikin gini, kuma daga baya - Ma'aikatar Navy.

Akwai kuma hedkwatar, wanda mambobin sun fi mai taken admirals Empire. A cikin wadannan ganuwar, yanke shawara da aka sanya a kan Hauwa'u na key soja kamfen a cikin tarihi na Romanovs. Strategy haife kuma hadewa a Admiralty, aka yi amfani da lokacin da sojan ruwa ake gudanar a cikin Crimean War kuma yakin duniya na II.

Sojan Ruwa Museum

Fararen hula da damar kawai wasu kungiyar soja mai babbar hadaddun. A musamman, tun bayyanar da Admiralty a shi ya gano Sojan Ruwa Museum. Akwai aka ajiye mafi muhimmanci Monuments na da Petrine zamanin. Alal misali, ya kasance cikin jirgin model, zane da kuma na sirri rubutu na farko sarki, bisa ga kafa na Baltic jiragen ruwa.

Kafin 1939 wannan arziki gidan kayan gargajiya ya shirya da Admiralty ginin. Architect Zakharov kumbura sarari domin nune-nunen da cewa tare da kowane zamani duk girma da kuma girma. A Stalin zamanin, da gidan kayan gargajiya ya koma cikin ginin tsohon St. Petersburg Stock Exchange a kan kibiyar Vasilevsky Island.

Lokacin da na karshe na Romanovs

Construction motocin a kan ƙasa da Admiralty ƙare a 1844. Duk da kayan aiki da aka mayar da su Novoadmiralteyskuyu masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Saboda wannan, babu bukatar a canals kewaye da hadaddun. Sun yi barci. Saboda haka a wannan lokaci akwai Horseguards babban titi.

A 1863 da umurnin Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II, a kananan coci a ciki da hadaddun na Admiralty samu matsayi na Cathedral Mai Tsarki Saint Spyridon. Sa'an nan kararrawa hasumiyar da aka gina. Wadannan canje-canje kamata a nuna a cikin bayyanar wata babbar ginin. Orthodox Church bai son reliefs depicting arna alloli - haruffan na zamanin d mythological labaru.

Wasu lokaci tsakanin malamai da kuma sojan ruwa ma'aikatar wani kusa hamayya. A karshen, Alexander II amince da su je coci aiki. Ginin da aka hana da dama sculptures da sauran art abubuwa. Halakar Monuments faru duk da ƙwazo zanga-zanga na gine-ginen da kuma artists na Petersburg.

A 1869, da Admiralty Tower samu da kansa kira na sauri sallame su daga nahiyar Turai. Ya rataye, shekara arba'in, bayan da ya aka maye gurbinsu da wani sabon lantarki analog a zamanin mulkin Nicholas II. Admiralty ya sau da yawa kasance wani wuri na aikin mambobi ne na Romanov daular, kamar yadda wasu zumunta na sarakunan karbi mafi darajõji a Navy. Alal misali, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich yake lura da duk sojan ruwa ma'aikatar cikin lokaci daga 1855 zuwa 1881.

wayewar

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, Bolshevik gwamnati ya sa a cikin sojan ruwan School ginin. Ba da da ewa shi samu da sunan Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo. Restaurant kuma shirya injiniyoyi. A wannan batun, a cikin shekaru 30 a Admiralty shi yana kokarin muhimmanci dakin gwaje-gwaje don samar da injuna domin makamai masu linzami.

Sa'a, da ginin kusan ba lalace ta Jamus iska hare-hare a lokacin da kewaye na Leningrad. Shahararren spire tare da wani jirgin da aka kwasfa. A karshe manyan sabuntawa na ginin ya faru a cikin Brezhnev zamanin, a 1977.

A post-Soviet lokaci tsakanin mazauna St. Petersburg ne a muhawarar game da nan gaba na Admiralty. A shekarar 2013, da hasumiya da spire akwai wani Orthodox coci, bude na wanda ya samu halartar manyan janar-janar na Rasha jiragen ruwa.