KAvZ-685. Soviet tsakiyar aji-bas

A gwarzo na yau labarin - bas KAvZ-685. Wadannan inji ake samar a Kurgan Bus Shuka tun 1971. Bus wannan wajen kananan aji fiye da talakawan. A qayyadadden dalili shi ne ba, wannan janar-manufa na'ura. Wannan kai da aka lasafta ga aikin a yankunan karkara, mafi yawa a kan datti hanyoyi. A saboda wannan dalili shi aka zahiri da-sanye take, yana da zama dole aminci ribace-ribace, kuma yana da babban permeability. Bari mu dauki wani kusa look at bayanai na abin hawa. Tsohon bas - yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Bã su da wani musamman labarin, yanzu suka yiwuwa kusan babu daya, kuma kada ku yi tafiya.

model tarihi

A tarihin bas fara da bude daga cikin shuka. Wancan, da shi a shekarar 1958. Abu na farko da yi a cikin Kurgan shuka, sun 651 th model. Aiki a kan ci gaban wadannan inji fara a cikin 40s na karshe karni. A tsarin da aka gina a kan shasi da babban shafukan da Gaz-51. To, a lõkacin da 60s a Gaz ta fara samar da sabon Gaz-53A, Kurgan shuka shirya ga halittar sabon bas a kan wannan shasi.

A cikin marigayi '60s fara bayyana da farko prototypes KAvZ-685. Wadannan farkon inji yana da wani dan kadan daban-daban zane, ba da wannan a matsayin tushe don su Gaz-53A. Akwai wani gidan ruwa cladding. A lighting aka bayar a cikin nau'i na hudu-factor tsarin. A kadan daga baya, da zanen nufin watsi da wannan zane. A jerin bas zo daga wani gargajiya gaba, na daga cikin tushe gas.

Don fara da serial samar da motoci, ma'aikata management yana da cikakken maimaitawa na sha'anin. Kamar wancan ne, muhimmanci kumbura samar yankin.

Maimaitawa da aka ci nasara a 1971 na farko KAvZ-685 bar taron jama'a line. Production model da wani misali kaho, amma har yanzu a bit daban-daban daga cikin tsari daga cikin jerin Gilashin motan. A full-sikelin samar iya fara a 1973. A 1974 kamfanin kashe taron line bayan 100 000th kwafin. Domin duk lokacin da samar da model ya canza sau da yawa da kuma zane da fasaha kayan aiki.

KAvZ-685: Bayani dalla-dalla

Wannan tsari da aka maye gurbinsu da 651 th bas. Duk da haka, da zane ya canza ba yawa. Ga mu iya ganin mota tare da bonit layout da kuma ba da yawa iya aiki. Bus sabis ne musamman sauki da kuma, kamar yadda muka riga sani, da aka tsara don aiki a cikin yanayi na datti hanyoyi.

Ko da yake shasi da haihuwa da kuma sabon model har yanzu suna da bambance-bambance, amma tsohon Kurgan bas ma sosai daban-daban daga sabon, sabon tsarin da muke gani manyan girma, na zamani, ba cewa wannan shi ne wani bas Soviet zane. A sabon abin hawa iya saukar da mutane 28, yana da kyau fasaha, tsauri da kuma gogayya halaye. A halaye na wannan magabacin zamani bas a full yarda da bukatun da nema a lokacin.

engine

A farko model KAvZ-685 da aka sanye take da hudu-bugun jini carburetor takwas-Silinda Motors. Sun kasance ZMZ 53A. Cylinders a wadannan ikon raka'a located V-siffa.

Ikon wannan engine - 120 l. wani. Juyawa gudun aka 3200 r / m. A engine yana da kyau lokaci domin karfin juyi - 245 N / m. Kawar da aka 4.25 lita. Machine bukata 24 lita 100 km. Bus tank da damar 105 lita. A iyakar gudu daga wannan mota ya 90 km / h.

watsa

A nan, duk abin da yake kama da, duka a Gaza. KAvZ-685 da aka sanye take da wani hudu-PPC. An sani cewa akwatin ya da wani dan kadan modified model CAT Gaz-5312. Transmission bayan da inganta tsiwirwirinsu a cikin na uku synchronizers da kuma watsa fasalin.

DamƙarSa ce, a wadannan inji ake amfani da bushe, guda faifai. The inji shi ne spring, na gefe. Yana shagaltar da kama da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive.

braking tsarin

A birki da aka aiwatar a cikin wani nau'i na dual-kewaye tsarin. Sami birki sun ganguna, wanda ya yi aiki a kan duk ƙafafun. Don saita birki, injiniyoyi kuma yi amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a drive, wanda kuma sanye take da injin kara amfani.

lissafi

The jiki da tsawon 6.6 m, nisa 2.55 mita, tsawo daga cikin motar ya 3,03 m wheelbase ne 3.7 m, da kuma yarda -. 265 mm.

Tsare nauyi na abin hawa - 4,08 m Total nauyi - .. 6.5 ton dabaran shasi dabara - 4 x 2. The mafi m jujjũyãwar radius daga cikin na'ura kasance 8 m.

jiki

Ga ba za mu iya ce wani abu sabo. Kamar dukan sauran bas da Tarayyar Soviet, jikin motar da aka sanya ma na m karfe. The jiki da aka sanya a cikin bonit layout. Hood zai muhimmanci rage wuya damar direbobi da kuma auto makanikai da ciki aka gyara da kuma ikon raka'a. Wannan ba ka damar da sauri kuma yadda ya kamata gudanar da wani sabis da kuma gyara aiki.

cikin

bas ciki da ke sa shi dadi vmese 28 fasinjoji. Wurin zama ya 21 fasinjoji su zauna, da zanen kaya sun ba su ne kawai daya gefen ƙofa. Wani shagon da mafitar gaggawa ta hanyar da baya kofa. Pro shagon kuma ce kome ba musamman, amma shi yana mai kyau dumama tsarin. Ta ko da a cikin matsananci sanyi daidai warmed up ciki da salon. Samun iska tsarin - halitta. Don yin wannan, injiniyoyi da kuma zanen kaya sun bayar da gefen windows da hatches.

Fasinjoji ya zama dadi don amfani da wannan abin hawa da su a cikin gida upholstered kujerun da aka bayar. Special godiya ga masana'anta-trimmed kujeru. Ta kasance sosai m da kuma iya wuce wa fiye da daya ko biyu yanayi kafin ta sauyawa. Da direba ba rabu da fasinjoji. Saboda haka, aminci dokokin ba su samar for partitions. Drivers samun zuwa ga wurin aiki, da taimakon raba kofa.

direba ta wurin

Wurin aiki da duk yanayin da direba ba samun gaji a yau da kullum flights. A kujera za a iya gyara bisa ga nesa daga kayan aiki panel, kazalika an daidaitawa da kwana na son.

Tsohon bas ba sanye take da ikon tuƙi, amma da dabaran wannan mota yana da babban diamita, wanda simplifies management. Duk da zama dole knobs da kuma sauya a cikin wani m wuri.

A gaban mota da aka sani kawai danda bukatu. Saboda haka, designers, da injiniyoyi sun yi tabbata cewa direban ta da hankali ba a warwatse.

Madubai sun unrealistically manyan. Sun bayar da shawarar da girma na jiki. Saboda haka shi ne ya jũyar da yawa mafi view of hanya. Gilashin motan da kãriya mai shãmakacẽwa. Kowanne sashi aka sanye take da wani wiper. Wannan ba ka damar ci gaba da gilashi mai tsabta da kuma ba ya tsoma baki da tuki.

Game da Maintenance, kuma gyare-gyare

An ce wadannan model ne kusan babu matsaloli na wani direbobi ko auto makanikai. The inji dogara ne a kan tushen da Gaz-53A, wanda shi ne kafin ka yi amfani da shi domin gina bas, haƙĩƙa, sun shige da yawa gwaje-gwaje. Shasi Kurgan shuka ne da tattalin aikin da in babu deben hanyoyi.

Tun da injiniyoyi a lokacin, da samar da wani sabon model, kokarin gina wani inji don haka kamar yadda ya daidaita da asali raka'a tare da tsohon model, yayin da samun fita da zama dole sassa ba tare da matsaloli. Bus KAvZ-685 da kuma ta zane damar da makanikai a hali na breakage saukin gane zunubansu, kuma kamar yadda sauri aiki a kan wani fix.

gyare-gyare

Bisa ga wannan model daga daban-daban gyare-gyare. Da aka halicce su don amfani a yankunan kasar tare da daban-daban sauyin yanayi. 685S model aka ɓullo da tafiya zuwa arewacin yankunan. Akwai rinjaye a sosai low iska yanayin zafi, don haka inji sanye take warmer plating, biyu glazing da engine dumama.

Akwai ma wasu model. Alal misali, 685G aka tsara don dutsen yankunan. The inji iya more amince shawo kan serpentine dutsen hanyoyi, bas aka sanye take da musamman ƙarin birki da kuma retarders, kuma a cikin fasinja gida shigar bel.

a ƙarshe

Domin ta lokaci shi ne mai girma koci. Injiniyoyi sun yi kokarin da kyau. Wani lokaci wadannan inji iya har yanzu za a gani a ko'ina a kan yankunan karkara hanyoyi. Har yanzu suna aiki wani wuri - shi ke abin da ake nufi da Soviet quality.